In vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889199622
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis In vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration by : Takeshi Kawauchi

Download or read book In vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration written by Takeshi Kawauchi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain consists of a complex but precisely organized neural network, which provides the structural basis of higher order functions. Such a complex structure originates from a simple pseudostratified neuroepithelium. During the developing mammalian cerebral cortex, a cohort of neural progenitors, located near the ventricle, differentiates into neurons and exhibits multi-step modes of migration toward the pial surface. Tight regulation of neurogenesis and neuronal migration is essential for the determination of the neuron number in adult brains and the proper positioning of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in a specific layer, respectively. In addition, defects in neurogenesis and neuronal migration can cause several neurological disorders, such as microcephaly, periventricular heterotopia and lissencephaly. Recent advances in genetic approaches to study the developing cerebral cortex, as well as the use of a number of novel techniques, particularly in vivo electroporation and time-lapse analyses using explant slice cultures, have significantly increased our understanding of cortical development. These novel techniques have allowed for cell biological analyses of cerebral cortical development in vivo or ex vivo, showing that many cellular events, including endocytosis, cell adhesion, microtubule and actin cytoskeletal regulation, neurotransmitter release, stress response, the consequence of cellular crowding (physical force), dynamics of transcription factors, midbody release and polarity transition are required for neurogenesis and/or neuronal migration. The aim of this research topic is to highlight molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cerebral cortical development and its related neurological disorders from the cell biological point of views, such as cell division, cell-cycle regulation, cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion and membrane trafficking. The topic has been organized into three chapters: 1) neurogenesis and cell fate determination, 2) neuronal migration and 3) cortical development-related neurological disorders. We hope that the results and discussions contributed by all authors in this research topic will be broadly useful for further advances in basic research, as well as improvements in the etiology and care of patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric disorders.

In Vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights Into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis In Vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights Into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration by :

Download or read book In Vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights Into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain consists of a complex but precisely organized neural network, which provides the structural basis of higher order functions. Such a complex structure originates from a simple pseudostratified neuroepithelium. During the developing mammalian cerebral cortex, a cohort of neural progenitors, located near the ventricle, differentiates into neurons and exhibits multi-step modes of migration toward the pial surface. Tight regulation of neurogenesis and neuronal migration is essential for the determination of the neuron number in adult brains and the proper positioning of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in a specific layer, respectively. In addition, defects in neurogenesis and neuronal migration can cause several neurological disorders, such as microcephaly, periventricular heterotopia and lissencephaly. Recent advances in genetic approaches to study the developing cerebral cortex, as well as the use of a number of novel techniques, particularly in vivo electroporation and time-lapse analyses using explant slice cultures, have significantly increased our understanding of cortical development. These novel techniques have allowed for cell biological analyses of cerebral cortical development in vivo or ex vivo, showing that many cellular events, including endocytosis, cell adhesion, microtubule and actin cytoskeletal regulation, neurotransmitter release, stress response, the consequence of cellular crowding (physical force), dynamics of transcription factors, midbody release and polarity transition are required for neurogenesis and/or neuronal migration. The aim of this research topic is to highlight molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cerebral cortical development and its related neurological disorders from the cell biological point of views, such as cell division, cell-cycle regulation, cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion and membrane trafficking. The topic has been organized into three chapters: 1) neurogenesis and cell fate determination, 2) neuronal migration and 3) cortical development-related neurological disorders. We hope that the results and discussions contributed by all authors in this research topic will be broadly useful for further advances in basic research, as well as improvements in the etiology and care of patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123973473
Total Pages : 1081 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections by :

Download or read book Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity

Cortical Development

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470994029
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Cortical Development by : Gregory R. Bock

Download or read book Cortical Development written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the brain and its devastating diseases, we need to reveal the mechanisms that produce it and the ways in which it can constantly change throughout a lifetime. This book features a timely and insightful discussion between developmental neurobiologists and clinicians who deal with disorders of the nervous system. Chapters in this book deal specifically with cell fate determination, cell migration and disorders of cell migration; current concepts and new ideas about cortical arealisation, and disorders which can arise from incorrect arealisation; genes implicated in the development of cortical connectivity and related pathologies such as schizophrenia and synaesthesia; and susceptibility genes for cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, dyslexia, and attention deficit disorder.

Genetic Control of Neuronal Migrations in Human Cortical Development

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354036689X
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Control of Neuronal Migrations in Human Cortical Development by : Gundela Meyer

Download or read book Genetic Control of Neuronal Migrations in Human Cortical Development written by Gundela Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-03 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early steps in corticogenesis are decisive for the correct unfolding of neurogenesis, neuronal migration and differentiation under tight genetic control. In this monograph, the author outlines the main events in human preplate formation according to their timetable of appearance and the expression of developmentally relevant gene products. Also examined are the gradual transformation of the preplate into the cortical plate, and the establishment of the transient compartments of the foetal cortical wall.

Development of the Cerebral Cortex

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470514817
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of the Cerebral Cortex by : Gregory R. Bock

Download or read book Development of the Cerebral Cortex written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the rapidly advancing research on the development of the cerebral cortex. Topics covered include: new physiological data showing patterns in developing cortical organization; abnormalities of cortical development associated with psychiatric disorders; and research on cell identity and regionalization of the cortex.

From Development to Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199709168
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis From Development to Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System by : Charles E. Ribak PhD

Download or read book From Development to Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System written by Charles E. Ribak PhD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-16 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides current information about the three areas mentioned in the title: Neuronal Migration and Development, Degenerative Brain Diseases, and Neural Plasticity and Regeneration. The chapters about brain development examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons are generated from the ventricular zone in the forebrain and migrate to their destinations in the cerebral cortext. This description of cortical development also includes a discussions of the Cajal-Retzius cell. Another chapter provides insight about the development of another forebrain region, the hypothalamus. The remaining chapters of this section examine the clinical relevance of brain development in certain disease states in humans: neural tube defects and the normal and abnormal development of human electroencephalographic recordings during the first year of age. The second section on degenerative disorders of the brain begins wtih details about the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia niger and their loss in Parkinson's disease. Two subsequent chapters describe changes in brain aging, including changes in the numbers of myelinated axons. Other chapters in this section describe important cellular and molecular changes found in Alzheimer's disease and human epilepsy. Together, these chapters summarize much of our current knowledge about the major molecular and cellular changes found in several degenerative diseases of the brain. The last section addresses the issues of brain plasticity and regeneration in the adult brain and begins with a chapter on how the brain's own stem cells provide newly generated neurons to the hippocampal dentate gyrus and how these neurons become integrated into neural circuitry. The following two chapters examine some of the neuroplastic changes that take place in motor and sensory cortices of awake behaving primates. The concluding two chapters address the issue of regeneration in the injured spinal cord and the factors that may contribute to its success.

Neural Stem Cells and Therapy

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Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9533079584
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells and Therapy by : Tao Sun

Download or read book Neural Stem Cells and Therapy written by Tao Sun and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collective work of international experts in the neural stem cell field. The book incorporates the characterization of embryonic and adult neural stem cells in both invertebrates and vertebrates. It highlights the history and the most advanced discoveries in neural stem cells, and summarizes the mechanisms of neural stem cell development. In particular, this book provides strategies and discusses the challenges of utilizing neural stem cells for therapy of neurological disorders and brain and spinal cord injuries. It is suitable for general readers, students, doctors and researchers who are interested in understanding the principles of and new discoveries in neural stem cells and therapy.

Normal and Abnormal Development of the Cortex

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642608612
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Normal and Abnormal Development of the Cortex by : Albert M. Galaburda

Download or read book Normal and Abnormal Development of the Cortex written by Albert M. Galaburda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, the seventh in the series 'Research and Perspectives in Neuroscience', contains the procedings of a meeting that was held in Paris on October14, 1996. The conference consisted of invited papers and poster presentations. The invited papers, included in this volume, were on cell proliferation prior to neuronal migration, on cellular and molecular factors characteristic of neuronal migration, and on postmigrational neuronal and axonal plasticity. There was a section devoted to disorders of neuronal migration and plasticity and the genetics of some developmental disorders. Great strides have been made in this relatively young branch of modern neuroscience.

Neural Stem Cells

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592591868
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells by : Tanja Zigova

Download or read book Neural Stem Cells written by Tanja Zigova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, neural stem cell research has provided penetrating insights into the plasticity and regenerative potential of the brain. Stem cells have been isolated from embryonic as well as adult central nervous system (CNS). Many non-CNS mammalian tissues also contain stem cells with a more limited repertoire: the replacement of tissue-specific cells throughout the li- time of the organism. Progress has been made in understanding fundamental stem cell properties that depend on the interplay of extrinsic signaling factors with intrinsic genetic programs within critical time frames. With this growing knowledge, scientists have been able to change a neural stem cell’s fate. - der certain conditions, neural stem cells have been induced to differentiate into cells outside the expected neural lineage and conversely, stem cells from nonneural tissue have been shown to transdifferentiate into cells with distinct neural phenotypes. At the moment, there is an accelerated effort to identify a readily ava- able, socially acceptable stem cell that can be induced to proliferate in an und- ferentiated state and that can be manipulated at will to generate diverse cells types. We are on the threshold of a great new therapeutic era of cellular therapy that has as great, if not greater, potential as the current pharmacologic era, g- rified by antibiotics, anesthetics, pain killers, immunosuppressants, and psyc- tropics.

The Extracellular Environment in Controlling Neuronal Migration During Neocortical Development

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Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889669300
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis The Extracellular Environment in Controlling Neuronal Migration During Neocortical Development by : Yuki Hirota

Download or read book The Extracellular Environment in Controlling Neuronal Migration During Neocortical Development written by Yuki Hirota and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489973990
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals by : Marie-Pierre Junier

Download or read book Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals written by Marie-Pierre Junier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-08 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text highlights the endogenous regenerative potential of the central nervous system in neonates and juveniles and discusses possible ways it might be manipulated for medical purposes. The first section provides a descriptive summary of the salient steps of human brain development with a discussion of comparisons with other mammalian brains. It also provides a historical perspective on our understanding of ongoing brain development throughout the lifespan and serve to introduce the concept of brain plasticity following injury. The second part is devoted to the endogenous reparative potential of the brain, including its limitations, and articles focusing on defined pathologies (e.g. anoxia/hypoxia, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury and stress) in animal models and in humans pinpoint eventual ways these pathologies might be manipulated. The third and final focuses on the "dark side" of stem cells for brain repair or of the manipulation of spontaneous adaptive events after injury (e.g. genomic instability, sensitization to cancerous transformation and defective neural networks).

Cortical Development

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540460063
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Cortical Development by : Christine F. Hohmann

Download or read book Cortical Development written by Christine F. Hohmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cerebral neo cortex, unique to mammals, is regarded as the prerequisite for higher cognitive function and is the structure most closely associated with the idea of the "mind" . Expansion of mental capa city between mammals is most typically associated with an evolutionary increase in neocortical volume that culminates in the intricately folded configuration of sulci and gyri so charac teristic of the primate cerebral cortex. Yet, the basic unit structure and funda mental connectivity of cortex appears to have been preserved from the smooth cortex of the mouse or rat to the highly convoluted cortical mantle of the human that, if stretched out as a sheet, would be large enough to wrap the entire human brain multiple times. The basic similarity in structure and func tion has made it possible to conduct studies in the relatively simple cortices of rat or mouse and have the results pertain to the understanding of the primate, including human, cortex. The neo cortex is an intriguing structure for the study of cell differentiation. Its dozens of neuronal cell types and small handful of different glial types have their origin in a pseudostratified germinal epithelium lining the ventricular surface of the forebrain. In its mature form, neocortex is a six-Iayered struc ture; five of its layers contain multiple different but characteristic neuronal types with the sixth occupied by neuronal processes. Various glial cells are dis persed throughout all six layers.

Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neuronal Development

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461327172
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neuronal Development by : Ira Black

Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neuronal Development written by Ira Black and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A central problem in neurobiology concerns mechanisms that generate the pro found diversity and specificity of the nervous system. What is the substance of diversification and specificity at the molecular, cellular, and systems levels? 4 How, for example, do 1011 neurons each form approximately 10 interconnec tions, allowing normal physiological function? How does disruption of these processes result in human disease? These proceedings represent the efforts of molecular biologists, embryologists, neurobiologists, and clinicians to approach these issues. in this volume are grouped by subject to present the varieties The chapters of methods used to approach each individual area. Section I deals with embry ogenesis and morphogenesis of the nervous system. In Chapter 3, Weston and co-workers describe the use of monoclonal antibodies that recognize specific neuronal epitopes (including specific gangliosides) for the purpose of defining heterogeneity in the neural crest, an important model system. Immunocyto chemical analysis reveals the existence of distinct sUbpopulations within the crest at extremely early stages; cells express neuronal or glial binding patterns at the time of migration. Consequently, interactions with the environment may select for predetermined populations. Le Douarin reaches similar conclusions in Chapter 1 by analyzing migratory pathways and developmental potentials in crest of quail-

Identification and Characterization of Neural Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540887199
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification and Characterization of Neural Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain by : Sara Gil-Perotín

Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Neural Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain written by Sara Gil-Perotín and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adult neurogenesis has been questioned for many years. In the early 1900s, a dogma was established that denied new neuron formation in the adult brain. In the last century however, new discoveries have demonstrated the real existence of proliferation in the adult brain, and in the last decade, these studies led to the identification of neural stem cells in mammals. Adult neural stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are present in the adult brain and are capable of dividing and differentiating into glia and new neurons. Newly formed neurons terminally differentiate into mature neurons in the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Since then, a number of new research lines have emerged whose common objective is the phenotypical and molecular characterization of brain stem cells. As a result, new therapies are successfully being applied to animal models for certain neurodegenerative diseases or stroke. At present, and in years to come, this finding extends to the adult human brain, and gives reason and hope to all the previous studies.

The Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1597450219
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (974 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System by : Damir Janigro

Download or read book The Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System written by Damir Janigro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-23 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System overviews the changes in cell cycle as they relate to prenatal and post natal brain development, progression to neurological disease or tumor formation.Topics covered range from the cell cycle during the prenatal development of the mammalian central nervous system to future directions in postnatal neurogenesis through gene transfer, electrical stimulation, and stem cell introduction. Additional chapters examine the postnatal development of neurons and glia, the regulation of cell cycle in glia, and how that regulation may fail in pretumor conditions or following a nonneoplastic CNS response to injury. Highlights include treatments of the effects of deep brain stimulation on brain development and repair; the connection between the electrophysiological properties of neuroglia, cell cycle, and tumor progression; and the varied immunological responses and their regulation by cell cycle.

Cortical Development: Neurogenesis and Neurological Disorders

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Author :
Publisher : American Medical Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (874 download)

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Book Synopsis Cortical Development: Neurogenesis and Neurological Disorders by : Oliva Novak

Download or read book Cortical Development: Neurogenesis and Neurological Disorders written by Oliva Novak and published by American Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2023-09-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cortical development is generally referred to as the process through which cerebral cortex is formed in mammals. The development of the cerebral cortex is crucial and necessitates complicated sequential processes which must be precisely orchestrated. The specific connectivity, identity and laminar positioning of each single cortical neuron are determined by the timing and localization of neuronal progenitor proliferation and neuronal migration. Variations in any of these organized series of events, whether caused by environmental factors or genetic mutations, leads to defined brain pathologies commonly referred as malformations of cortical development (MCDs). They are known as the major cause of intellectual disability and drug-resistant epilepsy. In these varied group of disorders, macroscopic variations in the brain structure can be identified and possibly subtend a general restructuring of neuronal circuits. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the neurogenesis and neurological disorders with respect to cortical development. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by it.