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Author : Lukas Kunz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms Underlying Spatial Navigation in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe written by Lukas Kunz and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jonathan F. Miller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Spatial Navigation and Memory written by Jonathan F. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to navigate our environment is a vital skill for numerous species, including humans. How does the brain encode external space to allow for accurate navigation? Moreover, as we move through the world, how do we keep track of where specific events occur? Based on decades of research in rodents, we know that the hippocampus contains place cells that code for particular locations in the environment, and based on decades of work in humans, we know that the hippocampus is crucial for episodic memory function. The goal of this thesis is to study how the human brain simultaneously supports spatial navigation and episodic memory by analyzing intracranially recorded neural activity from participants performing virtual spatial memory tasks. In my first study, I investigated whether the neural representation of space formed by the place cell population code in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) becomes integrated with a broader memory signal. I found that place cells in human MTL act as a mechanism for memories to become linked to the location where they occurred, suggesting that the neural system underlying spatial navigation and the neural system underlying memory function are not as distinct as once thought. In my next study, I investigated whether anatomical subregions of the human MTL, specifically the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the hippocampus, differ in the type of spatial information that they are selective to, which has been shown to be true in rodents. I discovered a new type of cell in the human EC called path equivalent cells that provides a metric of distance relative to an environment's geometry, unlike hippocampal place cells that only fire at specific locations. This finding helps to bring our understanding of how space is represented in the human brain closer to our more in depth understanding of spatial representations in the rodent brain. In my final study, I investigated how oscillatory activity in the human hippocampus is modulated by movement through the environment. In rodents, the theta oscillation (4--8 Hz) is closely linked to voluntary movement through space and is an integral component for many rodent derived theories of MTL function. I found that functionally analogous signals in human hippocampus appeared at lower frequencies than in rodents, suggesting that these theories may require modification before they can be broadly applied to other species. Taken together, my work helps to reconcile how the MTL supports both spatial navigation and episodic memory function, as well as bridging the gap between the large literature describing the neural representation of space in the rodent brain and the comparatively less well understood mechanisms in the human brain.
Author : Arne D. Ekstrom
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691171742
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)
Download or read book Human Spatial Navigation written by Arne D. Ekstrom and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to comprehensively explore the cognitive foundations of human spatial navigation Humans possess a range of navigation and orientation abilities, from the ordinary to the extraordinary. All of us must move from one location to the next, following habitual routes and avoiding getting lost. While there is more to learn about how the brain underlies our ability to navigate, neuroscience and psychology have begun to converge on some important answers. In Human Spatial Navigation, four leading experts tackle fundamental and unique issues to produce the first book-length investigation into this subject. Opening with the vivid story of Puluwat sailors who navigate in the open ocean with no mechanical aids, the authors begin by dissecting the behavioral basis of human spatial navigation. They then focus on its neural basis, describing neural recordings, brain imaging experiments, and patient studies. Recent advances give unprecedented insights into what is known about the cognitive map and the neural systems that facilitate navigation. The authors discuss how aging and diseases can impede navigation, and they introduce cutting-edge network models that show how the brain can act as a highly integrated system underlying spatial navigation. Throughout, the authors touch on fascinating examples of able navigators, from the Inuit of northern Canada to London taxi drivers, and they provide a critical lens into previous navigation research, which has primarily focused on other species, such as rodents. An ideal book for students and researchers seeking an accessible introduction to this important topic, Human Spatial Navigation offers a rich look into spatial memory and the neuroscientific foundations for how we make our way in the world.
Author : Caitlin Sierra Mallory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms Underlying Spatial Navigation and Memory written by Caitlin Sierra Mallory and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An animal's survival depends intimately on its ability to navigate the environment. While the neural processes underlying spatial navigation have long intrigued scientists, only recently have we begun to understand how external sensory inputs are integrated into a mental representation of space. In the first of three sections in this thesis, I introduce two of the main classes of cells fundamental to generating this internal map: 'place cells' in the hippocampus and 'grid cells' in the medial entorhinal cortex. The discoveries of each cell type brought about experimental and computational efforts to uncover the mechanisms underlying their precise spatial coding. In the first section of Chapter 1, I review recent discoveries into the mechanisms governing the formation of place cells, while focusing in particular on the role of input from grid cells to provide background for my main experimental project, detailed in Chapter 2. Additionally, I hope to bring a new perspective into discussions of place cell formation by highlighting how newly discovered heterogeneity in the genetic profiles, biophysical properties and connectivity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons supports place cells' diverse functional coding properties. I then describe the prevailing model of grid cell formation and recent experimental manipulations probing the role of grid cells in behavior to provide context for the insights into these topics uncovered by my own experimental findings. Chapter 2 contains the primary research project that I conducted during my Doctoral training. This work involves several components, each of which make new contributions to the topics outlined above. First, using a combination of electrophysiological recordings and a viral-mediated knockout strategy, I determined that the scale of grid cell representations is modulated by HCN1 channels in the entorhinal cortex. This discovery has key implications for models of grid cell formation. Moreover, it afforded me the unique opportunity to investigate the roles of grid scale in downstream hippocampal place coding and spatial memory. I found that specifically increasing grid scale leads to parallel increase in the scale of place cell representations. While prominent models of place cell formation had long predicted this result, demonstrating it conclusively was only made possible by the discovery of a means to alter grid scale without impacting other types of spatially modulated cells. Surprisingly, increasing grid scale also reduced the long-term stability of place maps. In this chapter I describe the results from a computational model that we developed to help explain mechanistically how grid scale may play this unexpected role. I also describe the impact of increasing grid and place representations on a behavioral task requiring the formation of new place memories across days. Lastly, in a final section (Chapter 3), I discuss insights gained from my experimental findings and future directions that arise from the work presented in this dissertation.
Author : Thackery I. Brown
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889630668
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Spatial Navigation: Memory Mechanisms and Executive Function Interactions written by Thackery I. Brown and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Karen Fossum LaRocque
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Learning and Memory in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe written by Karen Fossum LaRocque and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medial temporal lobe is critical for enabling memory for the events of one's personal past. However, whether medial temporal lobe subregions perform shared or qualitatively distinct computations to support these memories is a topic of debate. One prominent theoretical perspective proposes that complementary behavioral expressions of memory for past events are enabled via the creation of separated versus overlapping neural representations for events that share similar elements, and that these representations are formed by the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe cortex, respectively. A wealth of empirical data has examined this proposal by asking whether these complementary behavioral expressions of memory are differentially linked to integrity and / or functional activation of the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe cortex. Here, we examined complementary medial temporal lobe computations through a different lens, and asked whether the degree of neural overlap in the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe cortex elicited by stimuli during encoding is differentially linked to the ability to recognize those stimuli in the future. We addressed this question with two experiments using converging methodologies. In Experiment 1 we used high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging and pattern similarity analyses to quantify neural overlap across the spatial topography in medial temporal lobe subregions during encoding. We found that the relationship between pattern similarity during encoding and subsequent memory dissociated across the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe cortex: later memory was linked to greater across-item pattern distinctiveness in the hippocampus, but to greater across-item pattern similarity in medial temporal lobe cortex. Additionally, by comparing neural patterns elicited by individual stimuli regardless of later memory for these stimuli, we found that perirhinal cortex and parahippocampal cortex exhibited differential content sensitivity for multiple stimulus categories, whereas the hippocampus failed to demonstrate such content sensitivity. In Experiment 2 we used intracranial electroencephalography to quantify neural overlap across the temporal evolution of population-level neural activity in medial temporal lobe subregions during encoding. We found that later memory was linked to greater across-item pattern distinctiveness in the hippocampus but not in medial temporal lobe cortex, and that the strength of these relationships was modulated by the demands on behavioral expressions of memory during retrieval. These data provide novel evidence for complementary learning mechanisms across the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe cortex, and suggest that these mechanisms operate across both spatial and temporal dimensions of neural codes.
Author : Dori Derdikman
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3709112923
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Space,Time and Memory in the Hippocampal Formation written by Dori Derdikman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of new cell types, such as grid and time cells, in the hippocampus has been accompanied by major anatomical and theoretical insights in the recent years. This book provides comprehensive, up-to-date information about the hippocampal formation and especially the neural basis of episodic memory, spatial location (the formation of the cognitive map) and temporal representation. The first part of the book describes the information flow from pre-hippocampal areas into the hippocampus, the second part discusses the different types of hippocampal processing and finally, the third part depicts the influence that the hippocampal processing has on other brain structures that are perhaps more closely tied to explicit cognitive or behavioral output. This book is intended for neuroscientists, especially for those who are involved in research on the hippocampus, as well as for behavioral scientists and neurologists.
Author : Sidney I. Wiener
Publisher : A Bradford Book
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Head Direction Cells and the Neural Mechanisms of Spatial Orientation written by Sidney I. Wiener and published by A Bradford Book. This book was released on 2005-07-29 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive examination of head-direction signals and their importance in explaining orienting and navigation behaviors. Head direction cells—neurons that fire only when an animal orients its head in a certain direction—are found in several different brain areas, with different neurons selective for different head orientations; they are influenced by landmarks as well as motor and vestibular information concerning how the head moves through space. These properties suggest that head direction cells play an important role in determining orientation in space and in navigation. Moreover, the prominence, strength, and clarity of head direction signals indicate their importance over the course of evolution and suggest that they can serve as a vital key for understanding brain function. This book presents the latest findings on head direction cells in a comprehensive treatment that will be a valuable reference for students and researchers in the cognitive sciences, neuroscience, computational science, and robotics. The book begins by presenting head direction cell properties and an anatomical framework of the head direction system. It then looks at the types of sensory and motor information that control head direction cell firing, covering topics including the integration of diverse signals; the relationship between head direction cell activity and an animal's spatial behavior; and spatial and directional orientation in nonhuman primates and humans. The book concludes with a tutorial demonstrating the implementation of the continuous attractor network, a computational model of head direction cells, and an application of this approach for a navigational system for mobile robots.
Author : Fred W. Mast
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387719784
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)
Download or read book Spatial Processing in Navigation, Imagery and Perception written by Fred W. Mast and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-13 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processing of spatial information is an increasingly important topic, especially in recent few years, with new findings emerging from such diverse disciplines as cognitive neuroscience; cognitive psychology; sensorimotor integration; neuropsychology and neuroanatomy. Bringing together contributions from a group of internationally highly renowned researchers from across these disciplines, this book offers a state-of-the-art platform on which the latest developments in spatial processing are presented.
Author : Ningcheng Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Human Spatial Navigation from a Machine Learning Perspective written by Ningcheng Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Neil Burgess
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Hippocampal and Parietal Foundations of Spatial Cognition written by Neil Burgess and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we move around in our environment, and interact with it, many of the most important problems we face involve the processing of spatial information. We have to be able to navigate by perceiving and remembering the locations and orientations of the objects around us relative to ourself; we have to sense and act upon these objects; and we need to move through space to position ourselves in favourable locations or to avoid dangerous ones. While this appears so simple that we don't even think about it, the difficulty of solving these problems has been shown in the repeated failure of artificial systems to perform these kinds of tasks efficiently. In contrast, humans and other animals routinely overcome these problems every single day. This book examines some of the neural substrates and mechanisms that support these remarkable abilities. The hippocampus and the parietal cortex have been implicated in various core spatial behaviours, such as the ability to localise an object and navigate to it. Damage to these areas in humans and animals leads to impairment of these spatial functions. This collection of papers, written by internationally recognized experts in the field, reviews the evidence that each area is involved in spatial cognition, examines the mechanisms underlying the generation of spatial behaviours, and considers the relative roles of the parietal and hippocampal areas, including how each interacts with the other. The papers integrate a wide range of theoretical and experimental approaches, and touch on broader issues relating to memory and imagery. As such, this book represents the state of the art of current research into the neural basis of spatial cognition. It should be of interest to anyone - researchers or graduate students - working in the areas of cognitive neuroscience, neuroanatomy, neuropsychology, and cognition generally.
Author : Rolf Pfeifer
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262250795
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Understanding Intelligence written by Rolf Pfeifer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. By the mid-1980s researchers from artificial intelligence, computer science, brain and cognitive science, and psychology realized that the idea of computers as intelligent machines was inappropriate. The brain does not run "programs"; it does something entirely different. But what? Evolutionary theory says that the brain has evolved not to do mathematical proofs but to control our behavior, to ensure our survival. Researchers now agree that intelligence always manifests itself in behavior—thus it is behavior that we must understand. An exciting new field has grown around the study of behavior-based intelligence, also known as embodied cognitive science, "new AI," and "behavior-based AI." This book provides a systematic introduction to this new way of thinking. After discussing concepts and approaches such as subsumption architecture, Braitenberg vehicles, evolutionary robotics, artificial life, self-organization, and learning, the authors derive a set of principles and a coherent framework for the study of naturally and artificially intelligent systems, or autonomous agents. This framework is based on a synthetic methodology whose goal is understanding by designing and building. The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. The reader is guided through a series of case studies that illustrate the design principles of embodied cognitive science.
Author : Gregory Dudek
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108597874
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Computational Principles of Mobile Robotics written by Gregory Dudek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-31 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its third edition, this textbook is a comprehensive introduction to the multidisciplinary field of mobile robotics, which lies at the intersection of artificial intelligence, computational vision, and traditional robotics. Written for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science and engineering, the book covers algorithms for a range of strategies for locomotion, sensing, and reasoning. The new edition includes recent advances in robotics and intelligent machines, including coverage of human-robot interaction, robot ethics, and the application of advanced AI techniques to end-to-end robot control and specific computational tasks. This book also provides support for a number of algorithms using ROS 2, and includes a review of critical mathematical material and an extensive list of sample problems. Researchers as well as students in the field of mobile robotics will appreciate this comprehensive treatment of state-of-the-art methods and key technologies.
Author : Yasser Roudi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889190501
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book The Neural Circuit for Spatial Representation written by Yasser Roudi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we find our way? The discovery of medial entorhinal cortex grid cells in 2005 stimulated a wide variety of experimental, theoretical and computational work aimed at elucidating the neural circuit underlying spatial representations in the entorhinal cortex. However, grid cells act in concert with place cells, head direction cells and border cells, each playing a part in the spatial navigation circuit. The aim of this Research Topics is to solicit contributions from leading researchers in the field of spatial navigation and spatial memory to present new experimental data, computational modeling or discussion on mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of space in the parahippocampal cortices.
Author : Albert Postma
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128017945
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Neuropsychology of Space written by Albert Postma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neuropsychology of Space: Spatial Functions of the Human Brain summarizes recent research findings related to understanding the brain mechanisms involved in spatial reasoning, factors that adversely impact spatial reasoning, and the clinical implications of rehabilitating people who have experienced trauma affecting spatial reasoning. This book will appeal to cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and clinical psychologists. Spatial information processing is central to many aspects of cognitive psychology including perception, attention, motor action, memory, reasoning, and communication. Any behavioural task involves mentally computing spaces, mechanics, and timing and many mental tasks may require thinking about these aspects as well (e.g. imaging the route to a destination). Discusses how spatial processing is central to perception, attention, memory, reasoning, and communication Identifies the brain architecture and processes involved in spatial processing Describes theories of spatial processing and how empirical evidence support or refute theories Includes case studies of neuropsychological disorders to better illustrate theoretical concepts Provides an applied perspective of how spatial perception acts in the real world Contains rehabilitation possibilities for spatial function loss
Author : Paul A. Dudchenko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199210861
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)
Download or read book Why People Get Lost written by Paul A. Dudchenko and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At some point in our lives, most of us have been lost. How does this happen? What are the limits of our ability to find our way? Do we have an innate sense of direction? 'How people get lost' reviews the psychology and neuroscience of navigation. It starts with a history of studies looking at how organisms solve mazes. It then reviews contemporary studies of spatial cognition, and the wayfinding abilities of adults and children. It then considers how specific parts of the brain provide a cognitive map and a neural compass. This book also considers the neurology of spatial disorientation, and the tendency of patients with Alzheimer's disease to lose their way. Within the book, the author considers that, perhaps we get lost simply because our brain's compass becomes misoriented. This book is written for anyone with an interest in navigation and the brain. It assumes no specialised knowledge of neuroscience, but covers recent advances in our understanding of how the brain represents space.
Author : Seán Commins
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107104505
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Behavioural Neuroscience written by Seán Commins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-12 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A visually engaging explanation of the neural process underlying various behaviours in species ranging from the simplest organisms to humans.
