Network Modeling Based On Diffusion Tensor Imaging To Investigate Structural Integrity Of Brain White Matter

Download Network Modeling Based On Diffusion Tensor Imaging To Investigate Structural Integrity Of Brain White Matter full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Network Modeling Based On Diffusion Tensor Imaging To Investigate Structural Integrity Of Brain White Matter ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Network Modeling Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Investigate Structural Integrity of Brain White Matter

Author : Angela Muhanga
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Network Modeling Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Investigate Structural Integrity of Brain White Matter by : Angela Muhanga

Download or read book Network Modeling Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Investigate Structural Integrity of Brain White Matter written by Angela Muhanga and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic Brain injuries (TBI's) affect approximately 1.7 million people in the US annually accounting for almost a third of injury related deaths. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive method used to image fibrous tissue in the body. It is popular for use in clinical brain imaging in 3D because it can more effectively diagnose and track the recovery of TBI than other tools available. We focus on the analysis of structural integrity of fibrous tissue in the nervous system, particularly, brain white matter. In this paper, we outline two approaches for constructing network models from streamlines generated from brain DTI data; Graph-theoretic approaches and Network flow modeling. These approaches have been found useful in the field of computational neuroscience. They were chosen based on previous research methods described in Zhang, Correia and Laidlaw (2008). The objective of the thesis is to apply network models to DTI data. In this paper we construct a network model from streamline data. Future research is aimed at 1) analyzing the network using graph-theoretic approaches and 2) analyzing the network using network flows modeling. Other future goals include the exploration of other potential data computation and analysis tools that allow clustering, for example MUSKETEER whose developers published their research in 2012. Network approach to DTI data analysis is an attempt to summarize the data in a meaningful way. There's potential for developing algorithms that allow for automation and insights through comparison of different brain data both healthy and those in different pathology states. We applied an algorithm and tested it in MATLAB. The result was a reduction of streamlines from 5225 to 1052. The conclusion is that this algorithm is a feasible step in the right direction. The research could be made more useful by making data comparisons between multiple samples of brain data, from both healthy and TBI affected brain scans to provide more insight on how network models can applied to assess structural integrity of neural networks.

Characterizing Structural Neural Networks in Major Depressive Disorder Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Author : Ki Sueng Choi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Characterizing Structural Neural Networks in Major Depressive Disorder Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging by : Ki Sueng Choi

Download or read book Characterizing Structural Neural Networks in Major Depressive Disorder Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging written by Ki Sueng Choi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive MRI technique used to assess white matter (WM) integrity, fiber orientation, and structural connectivity (SC) using water diffusion properties. DTI techniques are rapidly evolving and are now having a dramatic effect on depression research. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent and a leading cause of worldwide disability. Despite decades of research, the neurobiology of MDD remains poorly understood. MDD is increasingly viewed as a disorder of neural circuitry in which a network of brain regions involved in mood regulation is dysfunctional. In an effort to better understand the neurobiology of MDD and develop more effective treatments, much research has focused on delineating the structure of this mood regulation network. Although many studies have focused on the structural connectivity of the mood regulation network, findings using DTI are highly variable, likely due to many technical and analytical limitations. Further, structural connectivity pattern analyses have not been adequately utilized in specific clinical contexts where they would likely have high relevance, e.g., the use of white matter deep brain stimulation (DBS) as an investigational treatment for depression. In this dissertation, we performed a comprehensive analysis of structural WM integrity in a large sample of depressed patients and demonstrated that disruption of WM does not play a major role in the neurobiology of MDD. Using graph theory analysis to assess organization of neural network, we elucidated the importance of the WM network in MDD. As an extension of this WM network analysis, we identified the necessary and sufficient WM tracts (circuit) that mediate the response of subcallosal cingulate cortex DBS treatment for depression; this work showed that such analyses may be useful in prospective target selection. Collectively, these findings contribute to better understanding of depression as a neural network disorder and possibly will improve efficacy of SCC DBS.

White Matter in Cognitive Neuroscience

Author : John L. Ulmer
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9781573315463
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis White Matter in Cognitive Neuroscience by : John L. Ulmer

Download or read book White Matter in Cognitive Neuroscience written by John L. Ulmer and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2005-12-23 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers from diverse research communities in cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuroscience, MR-diffusion tensor imaging, and algorithm development have contributed articles that explore the potential for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure and model white matter tracts in the human brain. The most advanced uses of diffusion tensor-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for modeling white matter neural connectivity and tractography are assessed; in addition, the authors discuss (1) methods for integrating DTI of white matter into cognitive and clinical neuroscience data and models, (2) how to promote new advances in DTI techniques for applications relevant to cognitive and clinical neuroscience, and (3) how to implement new advances in DTI in readily accessible software that can be distributed to the cognitive and clinical neuroscience communities. These reports represent the interdisciplinary approach taken at the workshop to the refinement of emerging MR DTI techniques specifically for the purposes of analyzing white matter networks noninvasively. It is hoped that this volume will encourage collaborations that will enhance the capacity for greater applications, developments, and impact of DTI, thus extending the reach of the workshop that preceded it. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

Brain Network Analysis

Author : Moo K. Chung
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110718486X
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Brain Network Analysis by : Moo K. Chung

Download or read book Brain Network Analysis written by Moo K. Chung and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This coherent mathematical and statistical approach aimed at graduate students incorporates regression and topology as well as graph theory.

Brain Connectivity Analysis: Investigating Brain Disorders

Author : Barry Horwitz
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 288919020X
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Brain Connectivity Analysis: Investigating Brain Disorders by : Barry Horwitz

Download or read book Brain Connectivity Analysis: Investigating Brain Disorders written by Barry Horwitz and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years, advances in human structural and functional neuroimaging (fMRI, PET, EEG/MEG) have resulted in an explosion of studies investigating the anatomical and functional connectivity between different regions of the brain. More and more studies have employed resting and task-related connectivity analyses to assess functional interactions, and diffusion-weighted tractography to study white matter organization. Many of these studies have addressed normal human function, but recently, a number of investigators have turned their attention to examining brain disorders. The study of brain disorders is a complex endeavor; not only does it require understanding the normal brain, and the regions involved in a particular function, but also it needs a deeper understanding of brain networks and their dynamics. This Research Topic will provide the scientific community with an overview of how to apply connectivity methods to study brain disease, and with perspectives on what are the strength and limitations of each modality. For this Research Topic, we solicit both reviews and original research articles on the use of brain connectivity analysis, with non-human or human models, to explore neurological, psychiatric, developmental and neurodegenerative disorders from a system perspective. Connectivity studies that have focused on one or more of the following will be of particular interest: (1) detection of abnormal functional/structural connectivity; (2) neural plasticity, assessed by changes in connectivity, in patients with brain disorders; (3) assessment of therapy using connectivity measures; (4) relation of connectivity changes to behavioral changes.

Establishing the Method of Dual-tensor for Tract Based Analysis (DTTA) and Investigating Human Brain Developmental Connectome with Diffusion MRI

Download Establishing the Method of Dual-tensor for Tract Based Analysis (DTTA) and Investigating Human Brain Developmental Connectome with Diffusion MRI PDF Online Free

Author : Virendra Radheshyam Mishra
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (892 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Establishing the Method of Dual-tensor for Tract Based Analysis (DTTA) and Investigating Human Brain Developmental Connectome with Diffusion MRI by : Virendra Radheshyam Mishra

Download or read book Establishing the Method of Dual-tensor for Tract Based Analysis (DTTA) and Investigating Human Brain Developmental Connectome with Diffusion MRI written by Virendra Radheshyam Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has the unique ability of studying white matter fiber structure in the human brain in-vivo. The trajectory of the white matter fibers inside the brain can be mapped using the tractography techniques and their structural integrity can be assessed with the help of various metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). But with typical dMRI in clinical applications, almost half of human brain white matter (WM) voxels has crossing-fiber regions (CFR) where WM microstructural integrity is significantly underestimated with single tensor FA. A technique adapted to WM tract analysis and correcting the anisotropy bias at the CFR for dMRI acquired within 5 minutes in clinical research needs to be developed and was the goal of Aim 1. Other than FA, various other DTI derived metrics such as radial (RD), axial (AxD) and mean diffusivity (MD) have been used to noninvasively assess the microstructural development of human brain WM. At birth, most of the major WM tracts are apparent but in a relatively disorganized pattern. Brain maturation is a process of establishing organized pattern of these major WM tracts. However, the change in the spatial-temporal linkage pattern of major WM tracts during development remains unclear and evaluating the linkage pattern of major WM tracts during development was the goal of Aim 2. Moreover, the linkage pattern observed at birth is a result of complicated molecular and biochemical processes which take place during perinatal brain development and reshape the later brain structural network for sophisticated functional and cognitive requirements. However, structural topological configuration of human brain during this specific development period is not well understood and was the goal of Aim 3. To evaluate Aim 1, novel dual tensor tract analysis (DTTA) was developed that includes dual tensor fitting with Gaussian mixture model and tract analysis. Digital phantom was designed and dMRI with multiple b values was acquired to evaluate the accuracy of estimated tract-specific anisotropy at CFR after DTTA correction. The results from phantom study showed high accuracy of the corrected anisotropy with DTTA. The results from normal human dMRI used in clinical research indicated effective identification of CFR and correction of tract-specific anisotropy. Corrected anisotropy with DTTA is highly consistent to the single fiber FA within the same tract. The results suggest great potential of DTTA in estimating accurate tract-specific anisotropy at CFR and conducting tract analysis in clinical research. To evaluate Aim 2, diffusion magnetic resonance image (dMRI) data of 26 neonates and 28 children around puberty was acquired. 10 major WM tracts, representing four major tract groups involved in distinctive brain functions, were traced with DTI tractography for all 54 subjects. With the 10 by 10 correlation matrices constructed with Spearmans pairwise inter-tract correlations and based on tract-level measurements of FA, RD, AxD and MD of both age groups, we assessed if the inter-tract correlations become stronger from birth to puberty. In addition, hierarchical clustering was performed based on the pairwise correlations of WM tracts to reveal the clustering pattern for each age group and evaluate the pattern shift from birth to puberty. Stronger and enhanced microstructural inter-tract correlations were found during development from birth to puberty. The linkage patterns of two age groups differ due to brain development. These changes of microstructural correlations from birth to puberty suggest inhomogeneous but organized myelination processes which cause the reshuffled intertract correlation pattern and make homologous tracts tightly clustered. It opens a new window to study WM tract development and can be potentially used to investigate atypical brain development due to neurological or psychiatric disorders. To evaluate Aim 3, dMRI of 15 in-vivo human brains in the age range of 31 gestational weeks (wg) to 41wg were acquired to characterize structural brain network during perinatal brain development. dMRI tractography was used to construct structural brain networks and the underlying topological properties were quantified by graph-theory approaches. Small-world attributes were found to be evident throughout the perinatal brain development. Our results reveal a perinatal brain "connectome" that shows monotonically increasing network derived metrics and stronger networks with development, which is likely to be the outcome of both strengthening of major whitematter tracts and pruning of small fibers.

Novel Tools for the Study of Structural and Functional Networks in the Brain

Author : Luis M. Colon-Perez
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288945472X
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Novel Tools for the Study of Structural and Functional Networks in the Brain by : Luis M. Colon-Perez

Download or read book Novel Tools for the Study of Structural and Functional Networks in the Brain written by Luis M. Colon-Perez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the history of neuroscience, technological advances are the drivers behind many major advances in our understanding of the nervous system. Investigations of the structure and function of the brain take place on multiple scales, including macroscale at the level of brain regions, mesoscale at the level of neuronal populations, and microscale at the level of single neurons and neuron to neuron interactions. Integration of knowledge over these scales requires novel techniques and interpretations. In this research topic, we highlight nine articles that integrate structural and functional approaches to study brain networks.

Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Author : Susumu Mori
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123984076
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging by : Susumu Mori

Download or read book Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging written by Susumu Mori and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concepts behind diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are commonly difficult to grasp, even for magnetic resonance physicists. To make matters worse, a many more complex higher-order methods have been proposed over the last few years to overcome the now well-known deficiencies of DTI. In Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging: And Higher Order Models, these concepts are explained through extensive use of illustrations rather than equations to help readers gain a more intuitive understanding of the inner workings of these techniques. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of DTI images and tractography results, the design of experiments, and the types of application studies that can be undertaken. Diffusion MRI is a very active field of research, and theories and techniques are constantly evolving. To make sense of this constantly shifting landscape, there is a need for a textbook that explains the concepts behind how these techniques work in a way that is easy and intuitive to understand—Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging fills this gap. Extensive use of illustrations to explain the concepts of diffusion tensor imaging and related methods Easy to understand, even without a background in physics Includes sections on image interpretation, experimental design, and applications Up-to-date information on more recent higher-order models, which are increasingly being used for clinical applications

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author : Nicole Seiberlich
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128170581
Total Pages : 1094 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Nicole Seiberlich

Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches

Clinical MR Neuroimaging

Author : Jonathan H. Gillard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521515637
Total Pages : 917 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (215 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Clinical MR Neuroimaging by : Jonathan H. Gillard

Download or read book Clinical MR Neuroimaging written by Jonathan H. Gillard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers each physiological MR methodology and their applications to all major neurological diseases.

Functional and structural brain network construction, representation and application

Author : Mingxia Liu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832520014
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Functional and structural brain network construction, representation and application by : Mingxia Liu

Download or read book Functional and structural brain network construction, representation and application written by Mingxia Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Handbook of Aging and Cognition

Author : Fergus I. M. Craik
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9781138975705
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (757 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Handbook of Aging and Cognition by : Fergus I. M. Craik

Download or read book The Handbook of Aging and Cognition written by Fergus I. M. Craik and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive aging is a flourishing area of research. This third edition reviews the findings and theories since the previous edition and evaluates the field's points of growth.

Neural signals acquisition and intelligent analysis

Author : Xiaomin Yang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832531563
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Neural signals acquisition and intelligent analysis by : Xiaomin Yang

Download or read book Neural signals acquisition and intelligent analysis written by Xiaomin Yang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-24 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus

Author : Usrey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197676154
Total Pages : 817 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (976 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus by : Usrey

Download or read book The Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus written by Usrey and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is an attempt to cover two gaps in our appreciation of the critical interplay between thalamus and cortex . One is that the tendency in covering these subjects is to treat each in isolation, which overlooks the point that a key to understanding their function is appreciating their essential partnership and interdependence for sensation, action, and cognition"--

Magnetoencephalography: Methodological innovation paves the way for scientific discoveries and new clinical applications

Author : Rafeed Alkawadri
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832509975
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Magnetoencephalography: Methodological innovation paves the way for scientific discoveries and new clinical applications by : Rafeed Alkawadri

Download or read book Magnetoencephalography: Methodological innovation paves the way for scientific discoveries and new clinical applications written by Rafeed Alkawadri and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-29 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neuroimaging Genetics

Author : Kristin L. Bigos
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199920222
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Neuroimaging Genetics by : Kristin L. Bigos

Download or read book Neuroimaging Genetics written by Kristin L. Bigos and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of neuroimaging genetics has grown exponentially over the past decade. To date there are more than 10,000 published papers involving MRI, PET, MEG and genetics. Neuroimaging Genetics: Principles and Practices is the comprehensive volume edited by Drs. Bigos, Hariri, and Weinberger and co-authored by the preeminent scholars in the field. This text reviews the basic principles of neuroimaging techniques and their application to neuroimaging genetics. The work presented in this volume elaborates on the explosive interest from diverse research areas in psychiatry and neurology in the use of imaging genetics as a unique tool to establish and identify mechanisms of risk, establish biological significance, and extend statistical evidence of genetic associations. Examples throughout highlight the application of imaging genetics to understand neurochemical systems and pathways, explore relationships between genetics and the structural and functional connectivity in human brain, and provide insight into mechanisms of risk for psychiatric and neurologic illness.

Decreasing the Impact of Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia: Identifying Novel Molecular Targets/ Pathways to Increase Treatment Efficacy

Download Decreasing the Impact of Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia: Identifying Novel Molecular Targets/ Pathways to Increase Treatment Efficacy PDF Online Free

Author : Mirko Manchia
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889639622
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Decreasing the Impact of Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia: Identifying Novel Molecular Targets/ Pathways to Increase Treatment Efficacy by : Mirko Manchia

Download or read book Decreasing the Impact of Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia: Identifying Novel Molecular Targets/ Pathways to Increase Treatment Efficacy written by Mirko Manchia and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: