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Author : Pio Baake
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783931258924
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (589 download)
Download or read book Vertical Product Differentiation, Network Externalities, and Compatibility Decisions written by Pio Baake and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sumit Sarkar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book On Vertical Product Differentiation, Network Externalities and Compatibility Decisions written by Sumit Sarkar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market mechanism may or may not throw up compatibility in markets for systems where network effect arises due to complementarity of component parts of a system. We consider a game, where, in stage 1, the firms decide whether to standardise on a single technological platform or not and at the same time they choose the quality of their product. In stage 2, the firms compete in prices. We find that the firms' choice of quality and technological platform depends on the degree of product differentiation and the coefficient of network externality.
Author : Nicolas Jonard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (535 download)
Download or read book Open Standard Compatibility written by Nicolas Jonard and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Patrick Esser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (65 download)
Download or read book Network Externality, Compatibility and Product Differentiation written by Patrick Esser and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pio Baake
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (258 download)
Download or read book Horizontal Product Differentiation, Network Externalities and Compatibility written by Pio Baake and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael L. Katz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility written by Michael L. Katz and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nicholas Economides
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Compatibility and Market Structure for Network Goods written by Nicholas Economides and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the economics of industries where network externalities are significant. In such industries, firms have strong incentives to adhere to common technical compatibility standards so that they reap the network externalities of the whole group. However, a firm also benefits from producing an incompatible product thereby increasing its horizontal product differentiation. We show how competition balances these opposing incentives. We find that market equilibria often exhibit extreme disparities in sales, output prices, and profits across firms, despite no inherent differences in the firms' production technologies. This may explain the frequent domination of network industries by one or two firms. We also find that the presence of network externalities dramatically affects conventional welfare analysis, as total surplus in markets where these externalities are strong is highest under monopoly and declines with entry of additional firms.
Author : Matthew G. Nagler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Network Externalities, Mutuality, and Compatibility written by Matthew G. Nagler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positive network externalities can arise when consumers benefit from the consumption of compatible products by other consumers (user-positive consumption externalities) or, alternatively, when they incur costs from the consumption of incompatible products by other consumers (nonuser-negative consumption externalities). But whereas user-positive externalities are typically mutually imposed and imply mutual benefit because they relate to interoperability, with nonuser-negative externalities the costs of incompatibility may be imposed unilaterally and borne asymmetrically. For example, increased risks of death and injury on the roads due to the co-existence of large and small vehicles are imposed exclusively by the owners of the large vehicles and borne exclusively by the occupants of the small vehicles. This paper compares the social optimality of incentives for compatibility under regimes involving user-positive and nonuser-negative externalities. Earlier work with respect to user-positive externalities (e.g., Katz and Shapiro, 1985) suggests that firms with relatively small networks or weak reputations tend to be biased in favor of compatibility, while individual firms' incentives for compatibility are suboptimal when their networks are closely matched in size. Meanwhile, intuition suggests that with nonuser-negative externalities incentives for incompatibility should always be excessive, reflecting the notion that activities involving unilaterally imposed negative externalities will always be overprovided by the market (in the absence of regulation or Coaseian mitigation). Using a "location" model of differentiated products, we find that, under both regimes, incentives for compatibility tend to be suboptimal when firms' networks are close in size, and excessive for the small firm when the networks differ greatly in size. Surprising public policy implications with respect to externalities are discussed.
Author : Carmen Matutes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book 'Mix and Match' written by Carmen Matutes and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Steven Strauss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Marketing Strategies for Products with Cross-Market Network Externalities written by Steven Strauss and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses marketing strategies for a manufacturer of a composite product (i.e., a product sold in two parts to two separate types of consumers, which has greater value when used jointly by both consumers). It is assumed that expected sales of one product increase a different type of consumer's willingness to pay for the other product. This is described as a 'cross-market network externality'. Using a parsimonious model, I characterize solutions for a monopolist and for variations on Bertrand-Nash competition with differentiated products. The results demonstrate that in the presence of the cross-market network externality, it is optimal for the price of one product to increase relative to the price of the other product (by comparison with expected prices in the absence of the externality effect). In competition between firms, it is individually rational for each firm to attempt to maximize its own cross-market network externality. However (and counter-intuitively), as all firms strive to increase the cross-market externality related to their products, a worse industry-wide solution results. In other words, the existence of firm-specific cross-market network externalities in Bertrand-Nash competition creates a form of 'Prisoner's Dilemma'. In some multi-firm competitive markets, compatibility between products is a design choice (for example, compatibility between word processors such as Microsoft Word and WordPerfect). Normally, increasing compatibility between products increases the substitutability of the products, often resulting in more competition and lower profits (absent other effects). In a market with cross-market externalities, however, increased compatibility leads to increased profits. The model utilized in this paper has applications to industries as diverse as television, Internet web portals and certain types of Internet browser software. It is expected that the predictions of the model will be tested on a data set from the software industry.
Author : Bing Jing
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Market Segmentation for Information Goods with Network Externalities written by Bing Jing and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positive externalities characterize the consumption of a majority of information goods such as software, various Internet services, and online communities. In a simple model of vertical differentiation, we show that network externality is a critical factor for the versioning of such information goods. In particular, a multi-product monopolist offers two versions of distinct qualities. The underlying rationale is that offering the low-end version expands the network size and thus enhances the (network) value of the high-end version, allowing the firm to charge a higher price for the high-end version. In addition, we show that the low-quality version may be offered for free under very general conditions. Competition between firms producing compatible products reduces their incentive to version their products due to the spillover effects in a shared product network.
Author : Hans Werner Gottinger
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113447282X
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)
Download or read book Economies of Network Industries written by Hans Werner Gottinger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-03-20 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of different types of network industries such as railways, telecommunications and new media, and the economics thereof. An accent on history makes this book stand apart from others in this area.
Author : Simon P. Anderson
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262011280
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Discrete Choice Theory of Product Differentiation written by Simon P. Anderson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The discrete choice approach provides an ideal framework for describing the demands for differentiated products and can be used for studying most product differentiation models in the literature. By introducing extra dimensions of product heterogeneity, the framework also provides richer models of firm location and product selection."--BOOK JACKET.
Author : Patrick Esser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Marketing Compatible, Yet Differentiated Products written by Patrick Esser and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Geoffrey Parker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Two-Sided Network Effects written by Geoffrey Parker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can firms profitably give away free products? This paper provides a novel answer and articulates tradeoffs in a space of information product design. We introduce a formal model of two-sided network externalities based in textbook economics - a mix of Katz & Shapiro network effects, price discrimination, and product differentiation. Externality-based complements, however, exploit a different mechanism than either tying or lock-in even as they help to explain many recent strategies such as those of firms selling operating systems, Internet browsers, games, music, and video. The model presented here argues for three simple but useful results. First, even in the absence of competition, a firm can rationally invest in a product it intends to give away into perpetuity. Second, we identify distinct markets for content providers and end consumers and show that either can be a candidate for a free good. Third, product coupling across markets can increase consumer welfare even as it increases firm profits. The model also generates testable hypotheses on the size and direction of network effects while offering insights to regulators seeking to apply antitrust law to network markets.
Author : Oz Shy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139432273
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book The Economics of Network Industries written by Oz Shy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers to the latest developments in network economics, one of the fastest-growing fields in all industrial organization. Network industries include the Internet, e-mail, telephony, computer hardware and software, music and video players, and service operations in the banking, legal, and airlines industries among many others. The work offers an overview of the subject matter as well as investigations about specific industries. It conveys the essential features of how strategic interactions between firms are affected by network activity, as well as covering social interaction and its influence on consumers' choices of products and services. Virtually no calculus is used in the text, and each chapter ends with a series of exercises and selected references. The text may be used for both one- and two-semester courses.
Author : Becker, Annie
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1599049449
Total Pages : 2522 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)
Download or read book Electronic Commerce: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications written by Becker, Annie and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 2522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiles top research from the world's leading experts on many topics related to electronic commerce. Covers topics including mobile commerce, virtual enterprises, business-to-business applications, Web services, and enterprise methodologies.
