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Author : Thomas M. Young
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book NDMA Formation During Chlorination and Chloramination of Aqueous Diuron Solutions written by Thomas M. Young and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book N-nitrosodimethylamine Formation During Chlorination of Diuron with Influence Analysis of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Water Quality for Urban Uses written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diuron is a widely used phenylurea herbicide for control of broad leaf and annual grassy weeds for both agricultural and nonagricultural uses. With the combination of the heavy usage and its persistence in typical environmental conditions due to its physical and chemical properties, diuron has been observed frequently in California's water sources. In this study diuron is of concern due to the potential formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a potent carcinogen that has been identified as an emerging disinfection byproduct (DBP) in drinking water. The first results identified that diuron is a specific NDMA formation precursor that arises from non-point sources, and highlighted the difficulties associated with determining the environmental safety of chemicals and their associated potential byproducts. The influence of additional nitrogen sources on the NDMA formation mechanism during chlorination of diuron was also studied with consideration that the dominant nitrogen-containing specie may vary between surface water and groundwater. The risks posed by representative concentrations of diuron and other reagents with respect to NDMA formation during chlorine-based disinfection may be limited even in the presence of multiple nitrogen species. A broader picture exploring the current and long-term effects of water quality on public health risks from DBP formation and drinking water treatment costs was investigated by considering the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta system, one of the most important drinking water sources in California. The present DBPs with Delta supplies are manageable within the current treatment regulations. However, the management of Delta water as a drinking water supply would become more difficult and expensive due to a possible sea level rise in the future and western island failures, with residual health risks remaining from residual and unregulated DBPs after treatment. It is likely that water drawn directly from the Delta will pose a higher risk to public health and be more difficult to treat by conventional treatment technologies, indicating that modification of existing treatment operations or addition of new technologies may be required, with higher treatment costs.
Author : Vincenzo Belgiorno
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1471076067
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (71 download)
Download or read book EMERGING CONTAMINANTS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT: CONTAMINATION PATHWAYS AND CONTROL written by Vincenzo Belgiorno and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012-01-26 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing concern for the continuous release into the environment of emerging contaminants from diffuse and point sources (such as urban wastewater treatment plants), arouses high interest in technical and scientific community. The characterization of pollution sources and contamination pathways, natural degradation in surface water, disinfection by-products (NDMA) formation in drinking water, emerging contaminants removal by wastewater treatment processes (biological processes, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and solar driven AOPs) to control their release into the environment as well as to make wastewater reuse safer, are all issues specifically addressed in this book by internationally recognised experts from research and academic institutions. This book can be an useful tool for investigators and practitioners to approach the problem of the control of emerging contaminants spreading into the environment.
Author : Sang Hyuck Park
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (268 download)
Download or read book Effect of Amine-based Water Treatment Polymers on the Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) Disinfection By-product written by Sang Hyuck Park and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, a compound N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen, has been identified as an emerging disinfection by-product (DBP) since its formation and detection were linked to chlorine-based disinfection processes in several water utilities in the U.S. and Canada. Numerous organic nitrogen compounds present in water may impact the formation of NDMA during disinfection. Amine-based water treatment polymers used as coagulants and flocculants have been suggested as potential NDMA precursors due to the presence of amine functional groups in their structures, as well as the possible presence of dimethylamine (DMA) residues in polymer products. To minimize the potential risk of NDMA associated with water treatment polymers, the mechanisms of how the polymers behave as NDMA precursors and their contribution to the overall NDMA formation under actual water treatment conditions need to be elucidated. This research involved a systematic investigation to determine whether amine-based water treatment polymers contribute to NDMA formation under drinking water and wastewater treatment conditions, to probe the involved reaction mechanisms, and to develop strategies to minimize the polymers NDMA formation potential. The investigation included five research tasks: (1) General screening of NDMA formation potential of commonly used amine-based water treatment polymers, (2) NDMA formation from amine-based water treatment polymers under relevant water treatment conditions, (3) Probing the mechanisms of NDMA formation from polyamine and PolyDADMAC, (4) Effect of water treatment processes on NDMA formation from amine-based water treatment polymers, and (5) Developing strategies to reduce polymers NDMA formation potential. Direct chloramination or chlorination of high doses of polymers in deionized water at longer than typical contact time was used in the general screening of the NDMA formation potential of water treatment polymers and in the studies to identify reaction mechanisms. On the other hand, realistic dosages of chloramines and polymers and contact time were used in simulating representative water treatment conditions to evaluate the contribution of polymers to the overall NDMA formation in real systems. On the basis of the study results, strategies were developed to reduce the NDMA formation potential of amine-based water treatment polymers, which include modification of polymer structures and treatment parameters.
Author : Steve E. Hrudey
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843395193
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)
Download or read book Disinfection By-Products and Human Health written by Steve E. Hrudey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection By-Products and Human Health is based on contributions from speakers who participated in May 2011 workshops on Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) and Human Health at Ozwater 11 in Adelaide, Australia or at an AWA sponsored workshop at the Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Perth, Australia. The contributions are prepared to facilitate communication with practitioners, rather than researchers, making use of overview illustrations rather than dense text or data tables. Each chapter concludes with up to 5 key findings that are take-home messages for practitioners. Disinfection By-Products and Human Health is aimed specifically at drinking water professionals (engineers, chemists and public health professionals) working on the front lines of drinking water issues where they must encounter actual day-to-day issues of risk management concerning DBPs in relation to all the other regulatory and water quality issues they must manage. Although a topic this complex is certainly not amenable to simplistic explanations, this book aims to provide drinking water professionals with a pragmatic assessment of the current evidence and emerging issues concerning DBPs and public health. Disinfection By-Products and Human Health is an essential, practical and accessible guide for drinking water professionals, engineers, chemists and public health professionals. Editors: Steve E. Hrudey, Professor Emeritus, Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Canada, Jeffrey W.A. Charrois, Director and Associate Professor, Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, Australia, Steve Hrudey is professor emeritus in analytical and environmental toxicology in the University of Alberta's Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry. He spent 13 years as a cabinet-appointed member of the Alberta Environmental Appeals Board, the last four as chair, and was the first non-lawyer to hold this position. During this period, he served on 36 public hearing panels, 19 as chair of the panel. In addition he has testified before senate committees in Canada and the Legislative Council in Western Australia. Hrudey has served on a number of high-profile expert panels, including the Research Advisory Panel to the Walkerton Inquiry (2000-2002), the Expert Panel on Safe Drinking Water for First Nations (2006), the Technical Advisory Committee to the B.C. Minister of Health on turbidity and microbial risk in drinking water (2007-2008, as chair), the Expert Advisory Panel on Water Quality for Washington, D.C., to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2009-2011) and chair of the Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel on Environmental and Health Impacts of Canada's Oil Sands Industry (2009-2010). He has also co-authored or edited nine books, including the widely acclaimed book inspired by the Walkerton tragedy: Safe Drinking Water - Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations (IWA Publishing, 2004). He has written 26 book chapters, 19 expert panel reports, 163 refereed journal articles, 15 science discussions, six media op-eds and 73 conference proceeding papers. Hrudey is the 2012 winner of the American Water Works Association A.P. Black Research Award for contributions to water science and water supply. This book is sponsored by Australian Water Association (AWA)
Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527688439
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Green Processes, Volume 9 written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shift towards being as environmentally-friendly as possible has resulted in the need for this important reference on the topic of designing safer chemicals. Edited by the leading international experts in the field, this volume covers such topics as toxicity, reducing hazards and biochemical pesticides. An essential resource for anyone wishing to gain an understanding of the world of green chemistry, as well as for chemists, environmental agencies and chemical engineers.
Author : Jeyaseelan Aravind
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110751720
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Emerging Contaminants written by Jeyaseelan Aravind and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increased demand due to anthropogenic activity leads to emerging contaminants, resulting in a substantial environmental hazard. The long-term presence and exposure of contaminants lead to severe negative impacts on the environment, humans, and other life forms. Hence, emerging contaminants in the environment is a worldwide concern, and new technologies to mitigate these contaminants are being developed. This book covers the source, occurrence, toxicity, and detection techniques of a wide range of emerging contaminants. This collection also discusses the scope and applications of diverse techniques, including Bio/Phyto and Nano-remediation technologies, to mitigate the emerging contaminants; along with their sustainability issue and prospects. As a result, this book appears to provide insight into several modern and environmentally friendly waste management options, the possibility to minimize and lessen the effects of contaminants, and striving to lower toxicological endpoints to assure environmental safety. This book delivers the most recent advancements by prominent specialists in environmental sciences to academics, researchers, students, and practitioners interested in the identification and eradication of emerging pollutants from the environment.
Author : Naga Raju Maddela
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000912531
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Microbiology for Cleaner Production and Environmental Sustainability written by Naga Raju Maddela and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-08-15 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth of populations, increasing urbanization, and rising standards of living due to technological innovations demand not only the meticulous use of shrinking resources but also sustainable ways of producing materials for human welfare. Cleaner production involves preventive and protective initiatives which are intended to minimize waste and emissions and maximize product output. These novel microbiological techniques are a practical option for achieving environmental sustainability. Microbiology for Cleaner Production and Environmental Sustainability serves as a valuable source of information about microbiological advancements for a sustainability in diversified areas such as energy resources, food industries, agricultural production, and environmental remediation of pollution. Features: Covers key issues on the role of microbiology in the low-cost production of bioenergy Provides comprehensive information on microorganisms for maximizing productivity in agriculture Examines green pharmaceutical production Provides the latest research on microbiological advancements in the restoration of contaminated sites
Author :
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444531998
Total Pages : 2131 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Treatise on Water Science written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 2131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality and management are of great significance globally, as the demand for clean, potable water far exceeds the availability. Water science research brings together the natural and applied sciences, engineering, chemistry, law and policy, and economics, and the Treatise on Water Science seeks to unite these areas through contributions from a global team of author-experts. The 4-volume set examines topics in depth, with an emphasis on innovative research and technologies for those working in applied areas. Published in partnership with and endorsed by the International Water Association (IWA), demonstrating the authority of the content Editor-in-Chief Peter Wilderer, a Stockholm Water Prize recipient, has assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Topics related to water resource management, water quality and supply, and handling of wastewater are treated in depth
Author : Ahmed Barhoum
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030896218
Total Pages : 1081 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Nanocelluloses written by Ahmed Barhoum and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-15 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook covers the fundamental aspects, experimental setup, synthesis, properties, and characterization of different nanocelluloses. It also explores the technology challenges of nanocelluloses and the emerging applications and the global markets of nanocelluloses-based systems. In particular, this book: · Covers the history of nanocelluloses, types and classifications, fabrication techniques, critical processing parameters, physical and chemical properties, surface functionalization, and other treatments to allow practical applications. · Covers all recent aspects of nanocelluloses technologies, from experimental set-up to industrial applications. · Includes new physical, chemical and biological techniques for nanocelluloses fabrication, in-depth treatment of their surface functionalization, and characterization. · Discusses the unique properties of nanocelluloses that can be obtained by modifying their diameter, morphology, composition and dispersion in other materials. · Discusses the properties and morphology of several kinds of dispersion in polymeric materials, such as micro/nanofiberlated cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals, amorphous cellulose nanoparticles, and hybrid cellulose nanomaterials. · Presents the different techniques for dispersion, and self-assembly of polymeric materials, critical parameters of synthesis, modelling and simulation, and characterization methods. · Highlights a wide range of emerging applications of nanocelluloses, e.g. drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical implants, medical diagnostics and therapy, biosensors, catalysis, energy harvesting, energy storage, water/waste treatment, papermaking, textiles, construction industry, automotive, aerospace and many more. · Provides an outlook on the opportunities and challenges for the fabrication and manufacturing of nanocelluloses in industry. · Provides an in-depth look at the nature of nanocelluloses in terms of their applicability for industrial uses. · Provides in-depth insight and review on most recent types of nanocelluloses-based systems of unique structures and compositions. · Highlights the challenges and interdisciplinary perspective of nanocelluloses-based systems in science, biology, engineering, medicine, and technology, incorporating both fundamentals and applications. - Demonstrates how cutting-edge developments in nanofibers translate into real-world innovations in a range of industry sectors. This Handbook is a valuable reference for materials scientists, biologists, physicians, chemical, biomedical, manufacturing and mechanical engineers working in R&D industry and academia, who want to learn more about how nanocelluloses-based systems are commercially applied.
Author : Klaus Kümmerer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642051995
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Green and Sustainable Pharmacy written by Klaus Kümmerer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within recent years pharmaceuticals have come into focus as contaminants of the environment (see for example Kümmerer, K. editor: Pharmaceuticals in the Environment). At the same time the issue of sustainable chemistry gained momentum. Bringing both together would result in sustainable pharmacy. Sustainable pharmacy is a totally new issue and approach. It addresses environmental, economical and social aspects of pharmacy. In the present stage the focus will be on environmental issues along the whole lifecycle of a pharmaceutical entity. That is dealing with resources and energy input but also with waste issues for example during the synthesis and production of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Furthermore, it would also look on the compounds themselves and will aim to improve the degradability of the compounds after their use in the environment to reduce the environmental risk caused by pharmaceuticals in the environment. Another issue is the people using pharmaceuticals such as pharmacists, medical doctors and patients. How can they contribute to more efficient use of pharmaceuticals with less environmental burden and less risk for drinking water. The book "Sustainable Pharmacy" will address all these issues and will be the first one dealing with this important topic.
Author : Sergi Sabater
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642309399
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book The Llobregat written by Sergi Sabater and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-06-02 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Llobregat belongs to the most thoroughly studied rivers in Europe and is a paradigm of the confluence of human and natural disturbances in a single basin. Because of its location in a very densely populated region and its Mediterranean character, the Llobregat supports a mixture of irregular flow, water abstraction, excess nutrients, mining debris, and a wide array of pollutants. The aquatic organisms strive to survive in a dramatically changing river that passes through a succession of dams, weirs and channels. The long-term river monitoring as well as the research that has been carried out in the river for a long time have provided an extensive knowledge of these disturbances and their effects on the biological communities. This book highlights the available information, with emphasis on the hydrological, chemical and biological elements interspersed in the river. Experts in the field discuss the main nutrient patterns and pollutant occurrence and the responses of the biological quality elements as well as the river ecosystem to the overall natural and man-made influences.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309224624
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Water Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.
Author : Mihaela I. Stefan
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780407181
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada
Author : Simon Parsons
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843390175
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.
Author : Thorsten Reemtsma
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352760863X
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle written by Thorsten Reemtsma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first in-depth and comprehensive reference on the most pertinent polar contaminant classes and their behavior in the whole water cycle includes, among others, industrial chemicals, consumer products, polar herbicides and pharmaceuticals. All chapters are uniformly structured, covering properties, pollution sources, occurrence in wastewater, surface water, and groundwater as well as water treatment aspects, while ecotoxicological and assessment aspects are also covered. Among the authors are leading experts in their relevant fields, many of whom provide here groundbreaking research results. The result is an up-to-date information source for researchers and professionals working in water quality monitoring, water supply, or wastewater treatment, as well as environmental and water chemists, geochemists, ecologists, chemists and engineers.
Author : Anming Hu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319065785
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Nanotechnology for Water Treatment and Purification written by Anming Hu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-04 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the latest progress in the application of nanotechnology for water treatment and purification. Leaders in the field present both the fundamental science and a comprehensive overview of the diverse range of tools and technologies that have been developed in this critical area. Expert chapters present the unique physicochemical and surface properties of nanoparticles and the advantages that these provide for engineering applications that ensure a supply of safe drinking water for our growing population. Application areas include generating fresh water from seawater, preventing contamination of the environment and creating effective and efficient methods for remediation of polluted waters. The chapter authors are leading world-wide experts in the field with either academic or industrial experience, ensuring that this comprehensive volume presents the state-of-the-art in the integration of nanotechnology with water treatment and purification.
