Naturalistic Decision Making

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317779592
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalistic Decision Making by : Caroline E. Zsambok

Download or read book Naturalistic Decision Making written by Caroline E. Zsambok and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-02 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you aren't using the term naturalistic decision making, or NDM, you soon will be. Even as a very young field, NDM has already had far-reaching applications in areas as diverse as management, aviation, health care, nuclear power, military command and control, corporate teamwork, and manufacturing. Put simply, NDM is the way people use their experience to make decisions in the context of a job or task. Of particular interest to NDM researchers are the effects of high-stake consequences, shifting goals, incomplete information, time pressure, uncertainty, and other conditions that are present in most of today's work places and that add to the complexity of decision making. Applications of NDM research findings target decision aids and training that help people in their decision-making processes. This book reports the findings of top NDM researchers, as well as many of their current applications. In addition, the book offers a historical perspective on the emergence of this new paradigm, describes recent theoretical and methodological advancements, and points to future developments. It was written for people interested in decision making research and applications relative to a diverse array of work settings and products such as human-computer interfaces, decision support systems, individual and team training, product designs, and organizational development and planning.

Linking Expertise and Naturalistic Decision Making

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135659915
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Linking Expertise and Naturalistic Decision Making by : Eduardo Salas

Download or read book Linking Expertise and Naturalistic Decision Making written by Eduardo Salas and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001-07 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains selected papers presented at the 1998 conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM). The objectives of the conference were to: *make American researchers more aware of NDM research being conducted abroad, particularly in Europe; *connect NDM research with work in management and industry, to stretch beyond the military and paramilitary focus; and *formulate a more explicit connection between NDM and expertise. These objectives are reflected in the chapters of this volume.

Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition

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Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1409485692
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition by : Laura Militello

Download or read book Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition written by Laura Militello and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest work in the area of naturalistic decision making (NDM) and its extension into the area of macrocognition. It contains 18 chapters relating research centered on the study of expertise in naturalistic settings, written by international experts in NDM and cognitive systems engineering. The objective of the book is to present the reader with exciting new developments in this field of research, which is characterized by its application-oriented focus. The work addresses only real-world problems and issues. For instance, how do multi-national teams collaborate effectively? How can surgeons best be supported by technology? How do detectives make sense of complex criminal cases? In all instances the studies have been carried out on experts within their respective domains. The traditional field of NDM is extended in this work by focusing on macrocognitive functions other than decision making, namely sense-making, coordination and planning. This has broadened the scope of the field. The book also contains a theoretical discussion of the macro-micro distinction. Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition will be relevant to graduate students, researchers and professionals (including professionals and researchers in business, industry and government) who are interested in decision making, expertise, training methods and system design. The material may be used in two ways: theoretically, to advance understanding of the field of naturalistic decision making; and practically, to gain insight into how experts in various domains solve particular problems, understand and deal with issues and collaborate with others.

Sources of Power

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262260867
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Sources of Power by : Gary A. Klein

Download or read book Sources of Power written by Gary A. Klein and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999-02-18 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anyone who watches the television news has seen images of firefighters rescuing people from burning buildings and paramedics treating bombing victims. How do these individuals make the split-second decisions that save lives? Most studies of decision making, based on artificial tasks assigned in laboratory settings, view people as biased and unskilled. Gary Klein is one of the developers of the naturalistic decision making approach, which views people as inherently skilled and experienced. It documents human strengths and capabilities that so far have been downplayed or ignored. Since 1985, Klein has conducted fieldwork to find out how people tackle challenges in difficult, nonroutine situations. Sources of Power is based on observations of humans acting under such real-life constraints as time pressure, high stakes, personal responsibility, and shifting conditions. The professionals studied include firefighters, critical care nurses, pilots, nuclear power plant operators, battle planners, and chess masters. Each chapter builds on key incidents and examples to make the description of the methodology and phenomena more vivid. In addition to providing information that can be used by professionals in management, psychology, engineering, and other fields, the book presents an overview of the research approach of naturalistic decision making and expands our knowledge of the strengths people bring to difficult tasks.

Decision Making in Action

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Publisher : Ablex Publishing Corporation
ISBN 13 : 9780893919436
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Decision Making in Action by : Gary A. Klein

Download or read book Decision Making in Action written by Gary A. Klein and published by Ablex Publishing Corporation. This book was released on 1992-08-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the new perspective of naturalistic decision making. The point of departure is how people make decisions in complex, time-pressured, ambiguous, and changing environments. The purpose of this book is to present and elaborate on past models developed to explain this type of decision making. The central philosophy of the book is that classical decision theory has been unproductive since it is so heavily grounded in economics and mathematics. The contributors believe there is little to be learned from laboratory studies about how people actually handle difficult and interesting tasks; therefore, the book presents a critique of classical decision theory. The models of naturalistic decision making described by the contributors were derived to explain the behavior of firefighters, business people, jurors, nuclear power plant operators, and command-and-control officers. The models are unique in that they address the way people use experience to frame situations and adopt courses of action. The models explain the strengths of skilled decision makers. Naturalistic decision research requires the examination of field settings, and a section of the book covers methods for conducting meaningful research outside the laboratory. In addition, since his approach has applied value, the book covers issues of training and decision support systems.

Expertise Out of Context

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1136679634
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis Expertise Out of Context by : Robert R. Hoffman

Download or read book Expertise Out of Context written by Robert R. Hoffman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have revealed that real expertise, while applied to well-defined tasks with highly circumscribed contexts, often stretches beyond its routine boundaries. For example, a medical doctor may be called upon to diagnose a rare disease or perform emergency surgery outside his or her area of specialization because other experts are not available. Moreover, in some cases, the context for expertise is in a constant state of flux, such that no one case is identical. Expertise Out of Context is a culmination of some of the most insightful studies conducted by researchers in the fields of cognitive systems engineering and naturalistic decision making in the effort to better understand expertise and its development. Born out of the Sixth International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making, a conference that gathers researchers who study cognition, perception, and reasoning outside of the traditional laboratory, this book is organized in five parts, the first of which provides an overview of the topic and presents varied perspectives. Consequent sections cover how to make sense of things, tools for thinking out of context, how to cope with uncertainty in a changing workplace, and teams operating out of context. As researchers in naturalistic decision making have investigated such areas as the knowledge and decision-making skills of expert firefighters, critical care nurses, military commanders, and aircraft pilots, this volume is of importance to an expansive audience, including individuals in business, government, industry, and society at large.

Naturalistic Decision Making

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Author :
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780805818741
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalistic Decision Making by : Caroline E. Zsambok

Download or read book Naturalistic Decision Making written by Caroline E. Zsambok and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Put simply, NDM is the way people use their experience to make decisions in the context of a job or task. Of particular interest to NDM researchers are the effects of high-stake consequences, shifting goal, incomplete information, time pressure, uncertainty, and other conditions that are present in most of today's workplaces and that add to the complexity of decision making. Comppared to more traditional decision research, NDM researchers are more emphatic about studying experienced people either in actual environments or in simulations that preserve contextual dynamics described here. Applications of NDM research target decision aids and training that help people in their decision making process."--Publisher.

How Professionals Make Decisions

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1410611728
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis How Professionals Make Decisions by : Henry Montgomery

Download or read book How Professionals Make Decisions written by Henry Montgomery and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-09-23 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the fruit of the 5th conference on Naturalistic Decision Making which focused on the importance of studying people who have some degree of expertise in the domain in which they make decisions. The substantive concerns pertain to how individuals and groups make decisions in professional and organizational settings, and to develop suit

Expertise Out of Context

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 0805855106
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis Expertise Out of Context by : Robert R. Hoffman

Download or read book Expertise Out of Context written by Robert R. Hoffman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have revealed that real expertise, while applied to well-defined tasks with highly circumscribed contexts, often stretches beyond its routine boundaries. For example, a medical doctor may be called upon to diagnose a rare disease or perform emergency surgery outside his or her area of specialization because other experts are not available. Moreover, in some cases, the context for expertise is in a constant state of flux, such that no one case is identical. Expertise Out of Context is a culmination of some of the most insightful studies conducted by researchers in the fields of cognitive systems engineering and naturalistic decision making in the effort to better understand expertise and its development. Born out of the Sixth International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making, a conference that gathers researchers who study cognition, perception, and reasoning outside of the traditional laboratory, this book is organized in five parts, the first of which provides an overview of the topic and presents varied perspectives. Consequent sections cover how to make sense of things, tools for thinking out of context, how to cope with uncertainty in a changing workplace, and teams operating out of context. As researchers in naturalistic decision making have investigated such areas as the knowledge and decision-making skills of expert firefighters, critical care nurses, military commanders, and aircraft pilots, this volume is of importance to an expansive audience, including individuals in business, government, industry, and society at large.

Decision-Making Under Stress

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351945947
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Decision-Making Under Stress by : Rhona Flin

Download or read book Decision-Making Under Stress written by Rhona Flin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our high technology society, there is a growing demand for a better understanding of decision making in high risk situations in order to improve selection, training and operational performance. Decision Making Under Stress presents a state-of-the-art review of psychological theory, in research and practice, on decision making in high pressure and emergency situations. It focuses on the experienced decision makers who deal with such risks, principally on flight decks, at civil emergencies, in industrial settings and military environments. The 29 chapters cover a wide range of perspectives and applications from aviation, military, industry and the emergency services. The authors, all international invited experts in their field, are based in research centers and universities from Europe, North America and Australia. Their common interest is in the theories and methods of a new research domain called NDM (naturalistic decision making). This volume comprises the edited contributions to the Third International NDM conference, sponsored by the US Army Research Institute and the US Naval Air Warfare Center, which was held in Aberdeen, Scotland in September 1996. The NDM researchers are interested in decision making in situations characterised by high risk, time pressure, uncertain goals, ambiguous information and teamwork. The extent to which the NDM approach can explain and predict human performance in such settings is a central theme, discussed with many practical examples and applications. This book is essential reading for applied psychologists, pilots, emergency commanders, military officers, high hazard managers, safety and emergency response professionals.

Judgment and Decision Making at Work

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135021945
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Judgment and Decision Making at Work by : Scott Highhouse

Download or read book Judgment and Decision Making at Work written by Scott Highhouse and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employees are constantly making decisions and judgments that have the potential to affect themselves, their families, their work organizations, and on some occasion even the broader societies in which they live. A few examples include: deciding which job applicant to hire, setting a production goal, judging one’s level of job satisfaction, deciding to steal from the cash register, agreeing to help organize the company’s holiday party, forecasting corporate tax rates two years later, deciding to report a coworker for sexual harassment, and predicting the level of risk inherent in a new business venture. In other words, a great many topics of interest to organizational researchers ultimately reduce to decisions made by employees. Yet, numerous entreaties notwithstanding, industrial and organizational psychologists typically have not incorporated a judgment and decision-making perspective in their research. The current book begins to remedy the situation by facilitating cross-pollination between the disciplines of organizational psychology and decision-making. The book describes both laboratory and more “naturalistic” field research on judgment and decision-making, and applies it to core topics of interest to industrial and organizational psychologists: performance appraisal, employee selection, individual differences, goals, leadership, teams, and stress, among others. The book also suggests ways in which industrial and organizational psychology research can benefit the discipline of judgment and decision-making. The authors of the chapters in this book conduct research at the intersection of organizational psychology and decision-making, and consequently are uniquely positioned to bridging the divide between the two disciplines.

Informed by Knowledge

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1136945105
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Informed by Knowledge by : Kathleen L. Mosier

Download or read book Informed by Knowledge written by Kathleen L. Mosier and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this book is on how experts adapt to complexity, synthesize and interpret information in context, and transform or "fuse" disparate items of information into coherent knowledge. The chapters examine these processes across experts (e.g. global leaders, individuals in extreme environments, managers, police officers, pilots, commanders, doctors, inventors), across contexts (e.g. space and space analogs, corporate organizations, command and control, crisis and crowd management, air traffic control, the operating room, product development), and for both individual and team performance. Successful information integration is a key factor in the success of diverse endeavors, including team attempts to climb Mt. Everest, crowd control in the Middle East, and remote drilling operations. This volume is divided into four sections, each with a specific focus on an area of expert performance, resulting in a text that covers a wide range of useful information. These sections present well-researched discussions, such as: the management of complex situations in various fields and decision contexts; technological and training approaches to facilitate knowledge management by individual experts and expert teams; new or neglected perspectives in expert decision making; and the importance of ‘modeling’ expert performance through techniques and frameworks such as Cognitive Task Analysis, computational architectures based on the notion of causal belief mapping such as ‘Convince Me,’ or the data/frame model of sensemaking. The volume provides essential reading for researchers and practitioners of Naturalistic Decision Making and those who study Expertise; Organizational and Cognitive Psychologists; and researchers and students in Business and Engineering.

Stress and Human Performance

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134771894
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Stress and Human Performance by : James E. Driskell

Download or read book Stress and Human Performance written by James E. Driskell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pace of life in our high technology world has quickened. Industries that do not become more efficient, often by requiring a faster production turnaround with less slack, are superseded. Because of this, workers face an environment in which they must perform under more time pressure and under greater task load, in which stress is more prevalent, and in which consequences of poor performance are more critical than ever before. The dominant, if unstated, psychoanalytic paradigm underlying much stress research over the past fifty years has led to an emphasis on coping and defense mechanisms and to a preoccupation with disordered behavior and illness. Accordingly, almost any book with "stress" in the title will invariably devote a considerable amount of pages to topics such as stress-related disorders, clinical interventions, stress and coping, psychopathology, illness, and health issues. This book presents basic and applied research that addresses the effects of acute stress on performance. There are a large number of applied settings that share the commonalities of high demand, high risk performance conditions, including aviation; military operations; nuclear, chemical, and other industrial settings; emergency medicine; mining; firefighting; and police work, as well as everyday settings in which individuals face stressors such as noise, time pressure, and high task load. This book focuses directly on the effects of acute stress-- defined as intense, novel stress of limited duration--on performance. The effects of stress on task performance, decision making, and team interaction are discussed, as well as the interventions used to overcome them.

Streetlights and Shadows

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026225834X
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Streetlights and Shadows by : Gary A. Klein

Download or read book Streetlights and Shadows written by Gary A. Klein and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-09-30 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An expert explains how the conventional wisdom about decision making can get us into trouble—and why experience can’t be replaced by rules, procedures, or analytical methods In making decisions, when should we go with our gut and when should we try to analyze every option? When should we use our intuition and when should we rely on logic and statistics? Most of us would probably agree that for important decisions, we should follow certain guidelines—gather as much information as possible, compare the options, pin down the goals before getting started. But in practice we make some of our best decisions by adapting to circumstances rather than blindly following procedures. In Streetlights and Shadows, Gary Klein debunks the conventional wisdom about how to make decisions. He takes ten commonly accepted claims about decision making and shows that they are better suited for the laboratory than for life. The standard advice works well when everything is clear, but the tough decisions involve shadowy conditions of complexity and ambiguity. Gathering masses of information, for example, works if the information is accurate and complete—but that doesn't often happen in the real world. (Think about the careful risk calculations that led to the downfall of the Wall Street investment houses.) Klein offers more realistic ideas about how to make decisions in real-life settings. He provides many examples—ranging from airline pilots and weather forecasters to sports announcers and Captain Jack Aubrey in Patrick O’Brian’s Master and Commander novels—to make his point. All these decision makers saw things that others didn’t. They used their expertise to pick up cues and to discern patterns and trends. We can make better decisions, Klein tells us, if we are prepared for complexity and ambiguity and if we will stop expecting the data to tell us everything. “I know of no one who combines theory and observation—intellectual rigor and painstaking observation of the real world—so brilliantly and gracefully as Gary Klein.” —Malcolm Gladwell, author of Outliers and Blink

Decision Making

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134726783
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Decision Making by : Ray Crozier

Download or read book Decision Making written by Ray Crozier and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an exciting new collection of recent research on the actual processes that humans use when making decisions in their everyday lives and in business situations. The contributors use cognitive psychological techniques to break down the constituent processes and set them in their social context. The contributors are from many different countries and draw upon a wide range of techniques, making this book a valuable resource to cognitive psychologists in applied settings, economists and managers.

International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131753476X
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning by : Linden J. Ball

Download or read book International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning written by Linden J. Ball and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is an authoritative reference work providing a balanced overview of current scholarship spanning the full breadth of the rapidly developing and expanding field of thinking and reasoning. It contains 35 chapters written by leading international researchers, covering foundational issues as well as state-of-the-art developments in thinking and reasoning research. Topics covered range across all sub-areas of thinking and reasoning, including deduction, induction, abduction, judgment, decision making, argumentation, problem solving, expertise, creativity and rationality. The contributors engage with cutting-edge debates such as the status of dual-process theories of thinking, the role of unconscious, intuitive, emotional and metacognitive processes in thinking, and the importance of probabilistic conceptualisations of thinking and reasoning. Authors also examine the importance of neuroscientific findings in informing theoretical developments, and explore the situated nature of thinking and reasoning across a range of real-world contexts such as mathematics, medicine and science. The Handbook provides a clear sense of the way in which contemporary ideas are challenging traditional viewpoints as "new paradigm of the psychology of reasoning" emerges. This paradigm-shifting research is paving the way toward a richer and more inclusive understanding of thinking and reasoning, where important new questions drive a forward-looking research agenda. It is essential reading for both established researchers in the field of thinking and reasoning as well as advanced students wishing to learn more about both the historical foundations and latest developments in this rapidly growing field.

Emerging Perspectives on Judgment and Decision Research

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521527187
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (271 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Perspectives on Judgment and Decision Research by : Sandra L. Schneider

Download or read book Emerging Perspectives on Judgment and Decision Research written by Sandra L. Schneider and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-16 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents