Nanocomposites Of Polymers And Inorganic Nanoparticles

Download Nanocomposites Of Polymers And Inorganic Nanoparticles full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Nanocomposites Of Polymers And Inorganic Nanoparticles ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Nanocomposites of Polymers and Inorganic Nanoparticles

Author : Walter Remo Caseri
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036503528
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nanocomposites of Polymers and Inorganic Nanoparticles by : Walter Remo Caseri

Download or read book Nanocomposites of Polymers and Inorganic Nanoparticles written by Walter Remo Caseri and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue deals with the fascinating material class of nanocomposites consisting of extremely small particles (nanoparticles) which are embedded in polymers. Such materials are of paramount interest in various disciplines, especially chemistry, physics, biomedicine and materials science. Due to the diversity of the components of nanocomposites, they provide a broad spectrum of material properties and applications. The versatility of nanocomposites is indeed reflected by the research covered in this Special Issue. The field of nanocomposites includes innovative science and a source of inspiration for currently relevant economic topics as well as for envisaged technologies of the future. Indeed, this volume alludes to strategies for the preparation of nanocomposites and possibilities for a variety of applications, such as catalytic reactions, gas barriers, high refractive index materials, corrosion protection, electromagnetic inference (EMI) shielding, lithium ion batteries, tissue engineering and plastic surgery.

Nanocomposites of Polymers and Inorganic Nanoparticles

Author : Walter Remo Caseri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783036503530
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nanocomposites of Polymers and Inorganic Nanoparticles by : Walter Remo Caseri

Download or read book Nanocomposites of Polymers and Inorganic Nanoparticles written by Walter Remo Caseri and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue deals with the fascinating material class of nanocomposites consisting of extremely small particles (nanoparticles) which are embedded in polymers. Such materials are of paramount interest in various disciplines, especially chemistry, physics, biomedicine and materials science. Due to the diversity of the components of nanocomposites, they provide a broad spectrum of material properties and applications. The versatility of nanocomposites is indeed reflected by the research covered in this Special Issue. The field of nanocomposites includes innovative science and a source of inspiration for currently relevant economic topics as well as for envisaged technologies of the future. Indeed, this volume alludes to strategies for the preparation of nanocomposites and possibilities for a variety of applications, such as catalytic reactions, gas barriers, high refractive index materials, corrosion protection, electromagnetic inference (EMI) shielding, lithium ion batteries, tissue engineering and plastic surgery.

Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites

Author : Chaoying Wan
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788018435
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites by : Chaoying Wan

Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites

Author : Chaoying Wan
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839162600
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites by : Chaoying Wan

Download or read book Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites written by Chaoying Wan and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional, flexible and lightweight products are in high demand for modern technologies ranging from microelectronics to energy storage devices. The majority of polymers are thermal and electrical insulators, which hinder their use in these applications. The conductivity of polymers can be significantly enhanced by the incorporation of conducting inorganic nanoparticles. However, this relies not only on the structure and function of the inorganic particles, but is highly determined by the morphology and dispersion of the nanoparticles, interfacial interactions and fabrication technologies of the composites. This book highlights the synthesis, chemistry and applications of two-dimensional (2D) inorganic nanoplatelets in polymer nanocomposites. Chapters cover technical challenges, such as surface functionalisation, compatibilization, interfacial interaction, dispersion, and manufacturing technologies of the polymer nanocomposites. The book also discusses the applications of these polymer nanocomposites in electronics and energy storage. With contributions from global experts, the book provides a much-needed overview of the field, giving advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and other researchers with a convenient introduction to the topic.

Polymer Composites with Functionalized Nanoparticles

Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128140658
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Polymer Composites with Functionalized Nanoparticles by : Krzysztof Pielichowski

Download or read book Polymer Composites with Functionalized Nanoparticles written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-22 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Composites with Functional Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications reviews the latest research in the area of polymer nanocomposites and functionalized nanoparticles, providing an introduction for those new to the field, and supporting further research and development. The book helps researchers and practitioners better understand the key role of nanoparticle functionalization for improving the compatibility of inorganic metallic nanomaterials with organic polymers, and for the fabrication of nanostructured materials with special properties. A range of nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes are covered, along with descriptions of the methods of functionalization to support better compatibility with polymer matrices. The book also discusses the various applications of this technology, including uses in electronics and the medical and energy industries. Summarizes the latest research in functionalized nanoparticles for modification of polymer matrices, providing a valuable platform for further research Includes functionalization of a range of nanoparticles for incorporation into nanocomposites, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, gold and silver, silica and clay Provides detailed coverage of application areas, including energy, electronics, biomedical applications, and end-of-life considerations

Polymer Nanocomposites based on Inorganic and Organic Nanomaterials

Author : Smita Mohanty
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119179076
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Polymer Nanocomposites based on Inorganic and Organic Nanomaterials by : Smita Mohanty

Download or read book Polymer Nanocomposites based on Inorganic and Organic Nanomaterials written by Smita Mohanty and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of the different classes of nanomaterials – from synthesis to application. It investigates in detail the use and feasibility of developing nanocomposites with these nanomaterials as reinforcements. The book encompasses synthesis and properties of cellulose nanofibers, bacterial nanocellulose, carbon nanotubes / nanofibers, graphene, nanodiamonds, nanoclays, inorganic nanomaterials and their nanocomposites for high-end applications such as electronic devices, energy storage, structural and packaging. The book also provides insight into various modification techniques for improving the functionality of nanomaterials apart from their compatibility with the base matrix.

Polymer/POSS Nanocomposites and Hybrid Materials

Author : Susheel Kalia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030023273
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Polymer/POSS Nanocomposites and Hybrid Materials by : Susheel Kalia

Download or read book Polymer/POSS Nanocomposites and Hybrid Materials written by Susheel Kalia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of polymer nanocomposites and hybrid materials with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). Among inorganic nanoparticles, functionalized POSS are unique nano-building blocks that can be used to create a wide variety of hybrid and composite materials, where precise control of nanostructures and properties is required. This book describes the influence of incorporation of POSS moieties into (organic) polymer matrices on the mechanical, thermal and flammability behavior of composites and hybrid organic-inorganic materials. Importantly, POSS-containing materials can be bio-functionalized by linking e.g. peptides and growth factors through appropriate surface modification in order to enhance the haemo-compatibility of cardiovascular devices made of these materials. This volume includes descriptions of synthesis routes of POSS and POSS-containing polymeric materials (e.g. based on polyolefines, epoxy resins and polyurethanes), presentation of POSS’ role as flame retardants and as biocompatible linker, as well as the depiction of decomposition and ageing processes.

Polymer Composites, Nanocomposites

Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352765240X
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Polymer Composites, Nanocomposites by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Polymer Composites, Nanocomposites written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer composites are materials in which the matrix polymer isreinforced with organic/inorganic fillers of a definite size andshape, leading to enhanced performance of the resultant composite.These materials find a wide number of applications in such diversefields as geotextiles, building, electronics, medical, packaging,and automobiles. This first systematic reference on the topic emphasizes thecharacteristics and dimension of this reinforcement. The authors are leading researchers in the field from academia,government, industry, as well as private research institutionsacross the globe, and adopt a practical approach here, coveringsuch aspects as the preparation, characterization, properties andtheory of polymer composites. The book begins by discussing the state of the art, new challenges,and opportunities of various polymer composite systems. Interfacialcharacterization of the composites is discussed in detail, as isthe macro- and micromechanics of the composites. Structure-propertyrelationships in various composite systems are explained with thehelp of theoretical models, while processing techniques for variousmacro- to nanocomposite systems and the influence of processingparameters on the properties of the composite are reviewed indetail. The characterization of microstructure, elastic,viscoelastic, static and dynamic mechanical, thermal, tribological,rheological, optical, electrical and barrier properties arehighlighted, as well as their myriad applications. Divided into three volumes: Vol. 1. Macro- and Microcomposites;Vol. 2. Nanocomposites; and Vol. 3. Biocomposites.

Manufacturing of Nanocomposites with Engineering Plastics

Author : Vikas Mittal
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782423214
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (824 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Manufacturing of Nanocomposites with Engineering Plastics by : Vikas Mittal

Download or read book Manufacturing of Nanocomposites with Engineering Plastics written by Vikas Mittal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manufacturing of Nanocomposites with Engineering Plastics collates recent research findings on the manufacturing, properties, and applications of nanocomposites with engineering plastics in one comprehensive volume. The book specifically examines topics of engineering plastics, rheology, thermo-mechanical properties, wear, flame retardancy, modeling, filler surface modification, and more. It represents a ready reference for managers and scholars working in the areas of polymer and nanocomposite materials science, both in industry and academia, and provides introductory information for people new to the field. Provides a comprehensive review of the most recent research findings A single one-stop ready reference that assimilates knowledge on the development of nanocomposites with engineering plastics Contributions from leading experts in the field Provides examples of applications that will help with material selection Chapters are designed to provide not only introductory information, but also to lead the reader to more advanced characterization tools

Inorganic Nanoparticles

Author : Claudia Altavilla
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351833960
Total Pages : 832 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Inorganic Nanoparticles by : Claudia Altavilla

Download or read book Inorganic Nanoparticles written by Claudia Altavilla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the various nanomaterials, inorganic nanoparticles are extremely important in modern technologies. They can be easily and cheaply synthesized and mass produced, and for this reason, they can also be more readily integrated into applications. Inorganic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Applications, and Perspectives presents an overview of these special materials and explores the myriad ways in which they are used. It addresses a wide range of topics, including: Application of nanoparticles in magnetic storage media Use of metal and oxide nanoparticles to improve performance of oxide thin films as conducting media in commercial gas and vapor sensors Advances in semiconductors for light-emitting devices and other areas related to the energy sector, such as solar energy and energy storage devices (fuel cells, rechargeable batteries, etc.) The expanding role of nanosized particles in the field of catalysis, art conservation, and biomedicine The book’s contributors address the growing global interest in the application of inorganic nanoparticles in various technological sectors. Discussing advances in materials, device fabrication, and large-scale production—all of which are urgently required to reduce global energy demands—they cover innovations in areas such as solid-state lighting, detailing how it still offers higher efficiency but higher costs, compared to conventional lighting. They also address the impact of nanotechnology in the biomedical field, focusing on topics such as quantum dots for bioimaging, nanoparticle-based cancer therapy, drug delivery, antibacterial agents, and more. Fills the informational gap on the wide range of applications for inorganic nanoparticles in areas including biomedicine, electronics, storage media, conservation of cultural heritage, optics, textiles, and cosmetics Assembling work from an array of experts at the top of their respective fields, this book delivers a useful analysis of the vast scope of existing and potential applications for inorganic nanoparticles. Versatile as either a professional research resource or textbook, this effective tool elucidates fundamentals and current advances associated with design, characterization, and application development of this promising and ever-evolving device.

Nanoparticle-Reinforced Polymers

Author : Ana María Díez-Pascual
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039212834
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nanoparticle-Reinforced Polymers by : Ana María Díez-Pascual

Download or read book Nanoparticle-Reinforced Polymers written by Ana María Díez-Pascual and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, a collection of 12 original contributions and 4 reviews, provides a selection of the most recent advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of polymeric nanocomposites comprising nanoparticles. The concept of nanoparticle-reinforced polymers came about three decades ago, following the outstanding discovery of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. One of the main ideas behind this approach is to improve the matrix mechanical performance. The nanoparticles exhibit higher specific surface area, surface energy, and density compared to microparticles and, hence, lower nanofiller concentrations are needed to attain properties comparable to, or even better than, those obtained by conventional microfiller loadings, which facilitates processing and minimizes the increase in composite weight. The addition of nanoparticles into different polymer matrices opens up an important research area in the field of composite materials. Moreover, many different types of inorganic nanoparticles, such as quantum dots, metal oxides, and ceramic and metallic nanoparticles, have been incorporated into polymers for their application in a wide range of fields, ranging from medicine to photovoltaics, packaging, and structural applications.

Synthesis Techniques for Polymer Nanocomposites

Author : Vikas Mittal
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527334556
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Synthesis Techniques for Polymer Nanocomposites by : Vikas Mittal

Download or read book Synthesis Techniques for Polymer Nanocomposites written by Vikas Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-12 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book series 'Polymer Nano-, Micro- and Macrocomposites' provides complete and comprehensive information on all important aspects of polymer composite research and development, including, but not limited to synthesis, filler modification, modeling, characterization as well as application and commercialization issues. Each book focuses on a particular topic and gives a balanced in-depth overview of the respective subfield of polymer composite science and its relation to industrial applications. With the books the readers obtain dedicated resources with information relevant to their research, thereby helping to save time and money. Summarizing all the most important synthesis techniques used in the lab as well as in industry, this book is comprehensive in its coverage from chemical, physical and mechanical viewpoints. This book helps readers to choose the correct synthesis route, such as suspension and miniemulsion polymerization, living polymerization, sonication, mechanical methods or the use of radiation, and so achieve the desired composite properties.

Reinforced Polymer Composites

Author : Pramendra K. Bajpai
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352734599X
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Reinforced Polymer Composites by : Pramendra K. Bajpai

Download or read book Reinforced Polymer Composites written by Pramendra K. Bajpai and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-04 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents state-of-the-art processing techniques and readily applicable knowledge on processing of polymer composites The book presents the advancement in the field of reinforced polymer composites with emphasis on manufacturing techniques, including processing of different reinforced polymer composites, secondary processing of green composites, and post life cycle processing. It discusses the advantages and limitations of each processing method and the effect of processing parameters on the overall performance of the composites. Characterization and applications of reinforced polymer composites are also introduced. Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment starts off by providing readers with a comprehensive overview of the field. It then introduces them to the fabrication of both short fiber/filler reinforced polymer composites and laminated reinforced polymer composites. Next, it takes them through the processing of polymer-based nanocomposites; the many advances in curing methods of reinforced polymer composites; and post life cycle processing, re-processing, and disposal mechanisms of reinforced polymer composites. Numerous other chapters cover: synthetic versus natural fiber reinforced plastics; characterization techniques of reinforced plastics; friction and wear analysis of reinforced plastics; secondary processing of reinforced plastics; and applications of reinforced plastics. -Presents the latest development in materials, processing, and characterization techniques, as well as applications of reinforced polymer composites -Guides users in choosing the best processing methods to produce polymer composites and successfully manufacture high quality products -Assists academics in sorting out basic research questions and helps those in industry manufacture products, such as marine, automotive, aerospace, and sport goods Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment is an important book for materials scientists, polymer chemists, chemical engineers, process engineers, and anyone involved in the chemical or plastics technology industry.

Metallopolymer Nanocomposites

Author : A.D. Pomogailo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540265236
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metallopolymer Nanocomposites by : A.D. Pomogailo

Download or read book Metallopolymer Nanocomposites written by A.D. Pomogailo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents and analyzes the essential data on nanoscale metal clusters dispersed in, or chemically bonded with polymers. Special attention is paid to the in situ synthesis of the nanocomposites, their chemical interactions, and the size and distribution of the particles in the polymer matrix. Numerous novel nanocomposites are described with regard to their mechanical, electrophysical, optical, magnetic, catalytic and biological properties. Their applications, present and future, are outlined.

Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites

Author : Khouloud Jlassi
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323461611
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites by : Khouloud Jlassi

Download or read book Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites written by Khouloud Jlassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more

Electrically Conductive Polymers and Polymer Composites

Author : Anish Khan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527342893
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Electrically Conductive Polymers and Polymer Composites by : Anish Khan

Download or read book Electrically Conductive Polymers and Polymer Composites written by Anish Khan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the latest research trends in conductive polymers and polymer hybrids, summarizing recent achievements. The book begins by introducing conductive polymer materials and their classification, while subsequent chapters discuss the various syntheses, resulting properties and up-scaling as well as the important applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields, including biosensors and biodevices. The whole is rounded off by a look at future technological advances. The result is a well-structured, essential reference for beginners as well as experienced researchers.

Fundamentals, Properties, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites

Author : Joseph H. Koo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316094413
Total Pages : 719 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Fundamentals, Properties, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites by : Joseph H. Koo

Download or read book Fundamentals, Properties, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites written by Joseph H. Koo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is focused primarily on polymer nanocomposites, based on the author's research experience as well as open literature. The environmental health and safety aspects of nanomaterials and polymer nanocomposites, risk assessment and safety standards, and fire toxicity of polymer nanocomposites, are studied. In the final chapter, a brief overview of opportunities, trends, and challenges of polymer nanocomposites are included. Throughout the book, the theme is developed that polymer nanocomposites are a whole family of polymeric materials whose properties are capable of being tailored to meet specific applications. This volume serves as a general introduction to students and researchers just entering the field and to scholars from other subfields seeking information.