Muslim Fortresses In The Levant

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Muslim Fortresses in the Levant

Author : Kate Raphael
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136925252
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Muslim Fortresses in the Levant by : Kate Raphael

Download or read book Muslim Fortresses in the Levant written by Kate Raphael and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During much of the twelfth century the Crusaders dominated the military scene in the Levant. The unification of Egypt and Syria by Saladin gradually changed the balance of power, which slowly begun to tilt in favour of the Muslims. This book examines the development and role of Muslim fortresses in the Levant at the time of the Crusaders and the Mongol invasion, situating the study within a broad historical, political and military context. Exploring the unification of Egypt with a large part of Syria and its effect on the balance of power in the region, Raphael gives a historical overview of the resulting military strategies and construction of fortresses. A detailed architectural analysis is based on a survey of four Ayyubid and eight Mamluk fortresses situated in what are today the modern states of Jordan, Israel, Southern Turkey and Egypt (the Sinai Peninsula). The author then explores the connection between strongholds or military architecture, and the development of siege warfare and technology, and examines the influence of architecture and methods of rule on the concept of defence and the development of fortifications. Drawing upon excavation reports, field surveys and contemporary Arabic sources, the book provides the Arabic architectural terminology and touches on the difficulties of reading the sources. Detailed maps of the fortresses in the region, the Mongol invasion routs, plans of sites and photographs assist the reader throughout the book, providing an important addition to existing literature in the areas of Medieval Archaeology, Medieval military history and Middle Eastern studies.

Muslim Fortresses in the Levant

Author : Kate Raphael
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136925260
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Muslim Fortresses in the Levant by : Kate Raphael

Download or read book Muslim Fortresses in the Levant written by Kate Raphael and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During much of the twelfth century the Crusaders dominated the military scene in the Levant. The unification of Egypt and Syria by Saladin gradually changed the balance of power, which slowly begun to tilt in favour of the Muslims. This book examines the development and role of Muslim fortresses in the Levant at the time of the Crusaders and the Mongol invasion, situating the study within a broad historical, political and military context. Exploring the unification of Egypt with a large part of Syria and its effect on the balance of power in the region, Raphael gives a historical overview of the resulting military strategies and construction of fortresses. A detailed architectural analysis is based on a survey of four Ayyubid and eight Mamluk fortresses situated in what are today the modern states of Jordan, Israel, Southern Turkey and Egypt (the Sinai Peninsula). The author then explores the connection between strongholds or military architecture, and the development of siege warfare and technology, and examines the influence of architecture and methods of rule on the concept of defence and the development of fortifications. Drawing upon excavation reports, field surveys and contemporary Arabic sources, the book provides the Arabic architectural terminology and touches on the difficulties of reading the sources. Detailed maps of the fortresses in the region, the Mongol invasion routs, plans of sites and photographs assist the reader throughout the book, providing an important addition to existing literature in the areas of Medieval Archaeology, Medieval military history and Middle Eastern studies.

Climate and Political Climate

Author : Sarah Kate Raphael
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004216561
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate and Political Climate by : Sarah Kate Raphael

Download or read book Climate and Political Climate written by Sarah Kate Raphael and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twelfth and thirteenth centuries in the Levant saw a substantial rise in the number of droughts. This coincided with some of the most violent tectonic activity the region had witnessed. Nature, however, could conjure other powerful disasters: swarms of locusts, armies of mice, scorching winds and thick dust storms. The data for this research is drawn from contemporary Arabic and Latin sources. The main aim is to try and determine the long and short-term repercussions of environmental, disasters on the political, military and social affairs in the Levant during the Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. Did environmental disasters spur o binder conflict? This research: examines the most destructive disasters and gradual climate chances within broader historical context. Book jacket.

From Edessa to Urfa: The Fortification of the Citadel

Author : Cristina Tonghini
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1789697573
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis From Edessa to Urfa: The Fortification of the Citadel by : Cristina Tonghini

Download or read book From Edessa to Urfa: The Fortification of the Citadel written by Cristina Tonghini and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents results of an archaeological research project focused on a specific monumental area, the citadel, in the city of Urfa (Turkey), known in ancient times as Edessa. Three seasons of fieldwork were carried out (2014-2016) in order to identify the building sequence of the citadel and establish an absolute chronology of events.

Muslims and Crusaders

Author : Niall Christie
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317682785
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Muslims and Crusaders by : Niall Christie

Download or read book Muslims and Crusaders written by Niall Christie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Muslims and Crusaders supplements and counterbalances the numerous books that tell the story of the crusading period from the European point of view, enabling readers to achieve a broader and more complete perspective on the period. It presents the Crusades from the perspective of those against whom they were waged, the Muslim peoples of the Levant. The book introduces the reader to the most significant issues that affected their responses to the European crusaders, and their descendants who would go on to live in the Latin Christian states that were created in the region. This book combines chronological narrative, discussion of important areas of scholarly enquiry and evidence from primary sources to give a well-rounded survey of the period. It considers not only the military meetings between Muslims and the Crusaders, but also the personal, political, diplomatic and trade interactions that took place between Muslims and Franks away from the battlefield. Through the use of a wide range of translated primary source documents, including chronicles, dynastic histories, religious and legal texts and poetry, the people of the time are able to speak to us in their own voices.

The Roman Frontier with Persia in North-Eastern Mesopotamia

Author : Anthony Comfort
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1803273437
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roman Frontier with Persia in North-Eastern Mesopotamia by : Anthony Comfort

Download or read book The Roman Frontier with Persia in North-Eastern Mesopotamia written by Anthony Comfort and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-01-26 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the Roman city of Singara and the fortifications and roads in the surrounding area. The Rome / Persia frontier has been little studied, in part because of the difficulty of access for scholars, but was of great importance because it separated the two major civilisations of the early first millennium CE.

The Mongol Storm

Author : Nicholas Morton
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 1541616294
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (416 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mongol Storm by : Nicholas Morton

Download or read book The Mongol Storm written by Nicholas Morton and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the Mongol invasions of the Near East reshaped the balance of world power in the Middle Ages For centuries, the Crusades have been central to the story of the medieval Near East, but these religious wars are only part of the region’s complex history. As The Mongol Storm reveals, during the same era the Near East was utterly remade by another series of wars: the Mongol invasions. In a single generation, the Mongols conquered vast swaths of the Near East and upended the region’s geopolitics. Amid the chaos of the Mongol onslaught, long-standing powers such as the Byzantines, the Seljuk Turks, and the crusaders struggled to survive, while new players such as the Ottomans arose to fight back. The Mongol conquests forever transformed the region, while forging closer ties among societies spread across Eurasia. This is the definitive history of the Mongol assault on the Near East and its enduring global consequences.

The Fief of Tibnin (Toron) and Its Castle in the Age of the Crusades AD (1105-1266 AH 498- 664)

Author : Ahmed Sheir
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783656869450
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (694 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fief of Tibnin (Toron) and Its Castle in the Age of the Crusades AD (1105-1266 AH 498- 664) by : Ahmed Sheir

Download or read book The Fief of Tibnin (Toron) and Its Castle in the Age of the Crusades AD (1105-1266 AH 498- 664) written by Ahmed Sheir and published by . This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject History - World History - Early and Ancient History, University of Gottingen (History Department), course: History of the Crusades and the relation between the East and West, language: English, comment: I would like to thank a lot Prof. Aly al- Sayed, Damnhour University, Egypt. and Prof. Dr. Frank Rexroth, Gottingen University, Germany, for their help, patience, encouragement throughout all the stage of researching and writing this work. I could not have been written this work without their advices, instructions, comments and extensive help., abstract: The Crusade movement is one of the most important occurrences of medieval history. It took place throughout two centuries in the Levant and affected both Muslims and Crusaders and in turn changed the way in which West and East related to one another. To understand the history of the Crusades, it is important to study not only the military aspects but also the socio-economic and political relationships. When the Crusaders took control of the Holy Land and many Islamic cities in the Levant, they transferred their feudal European system there. They established four main fiefdoms or lordships, Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli. In addition, there were another twelve secondary fiefdoms, of which Tibn n was one. This work is divided into five chapters. An introduction to outline the importance and objectives of the study, and also discusses its primary and second sources as well as the previous studies in this field. The second chapter is a study of the society of Tibn n, the architecture of the castle of Tibn n and its importance for the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It illustrates the nature of the relations between the Crusader and Muslim inhabitants in Tibn n and the economic and agricultural importance of lands of Tibn n in the age of the Crusades. The third chapter deals with the issues of Crusader rule in Tibn n, from its origins and evolution to the political role of

Artillery in the Era of the Crusades

Author : Michael S. Fulton
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004376925
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Artillery in the Era of the Crusades by : Michael S. Fulton

Download or read book Artillery in the Era of the Crusades written by Michael S. Fulton and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-08-13 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artillery in the Era of the Crusades provides a detailed examination of the use of mechanical artillery in the Levant through the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Rather than focus on a selection of sensational anecdotes, Michael S. Fulton explores the full scope of the available literary and archaeological evidence, reinterpreting the development of trebuchet technology and the ways in which it was used during this period. Among the arguments put forward, Fulton challenges the popular perception that the invention of the counterweight trebuchet was responsible for the dramatic transformation in the design of fortifications around the start of the thirteenth century. See inside the book.

Eastern Rome and the Rise of Islam

Author : Olof Heilo
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317326636
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Eastern Rome and the Rise of Islam by : Olof Heilo

Download or read book Eastern Rome and the Rise of Islam written by Olof Heilo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of Islam in the seventh century AD still polarises scholars who seek to separate religious truth from the historical reality with which it is associated. However, history and prophecy are not solely defined by positive evidence or apocalyptic truth, but by human subjects, who consider them to convey distinct messages and in turn make these messages meaningful to others. These messages are mutually interdependent, and analysed together provide new insights into history. It is by way of this concept that Olof Heilo presents the decline of the Eastern Roman Empire as a key to understanding the rise of Islam; two historical processes often perceived as distinct from one another. Eastern Rome and the Rise of Islam highlights significant convergences between Early Islam and the Late Ancient world. It suggests that Islam’s rise is a feature of a common process during which tensions between imperial ambitions and apocalyptic beliefs in Europe and the Middle East cut straight across today’s theological and political definitions. The conquests of Islam, the emergence of the caliphate, and the transformation of the Roman and Christian world are approached from both prophetic anticipations in the Ancient and Late Ancient world, and from the Medieval and Modern receptions of history. In the shadow of their narratives it becomes possible to trace the outline of a shared history of Christianity and Islam. The "Dark Ages" thus emerge not merely as a tale of sound and fury, but as an era of openness, diversity and unexpected possibilities. Approaching the rise of Islam as a historical phenomenon, this book opens new perspectives in the study of early religion and philosophy, as well as providing a valuable resource for students and scholars of Islamic Studies.

The Rise and Fall of a Muslim Regiment

Author : Amir Mazor
Publisher : V&R unipress GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3847104241
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of a Muslim Regiment by : Amir Mazor

Download or read book The Rise and Fall of a Muslim Regiment written by Amir Mazor and published by V&R unipress GmbH. This book was released on 2015 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the Mansuriyya regiment, the mamluks of sultan al-Mansur Qalawun. It traces the lives of these mamluks during the career of their master Qalawun (ca. 1260-1290), the period they ruled the Sultanate of Egypt and Syria de jure or de facto (1290-1310), and their aftermath, during the third reign of sultan al-Nasir Muhammad b. Qalawun (1310-1341). Based on dozens of contemporary Arabic sources, the book traces the political and military events of the turbulent Mansuriyya period, as well as the basic military-political principles and socio-political practices that evolved during this period. It suggests that the Mansuriyya period marks the beginning of the demilitarization, or politicization, of the Mamluk sultanate.

The Qur'an in Christian-Muslim Dialogue

Author : Corrie Block
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135014043
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Qur'an in Christian-Muslim Dialogue by : Corrie Block

Download or read book The Qur'an in Christian-Muslim Dialogue written by Corrie Block and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering an analysis of Christian-Muslim dialogue across four centuries, this book highlights those voices of ecumenical tone which have more often used the Qur’an for drawing the two faiths together rather than pushing them apart, and amplifies the voice of the Qur’an itself. Finding that there is tremendous ecumenical ground between Christianity and Islam in the voices of their own scholars, this book ranges from a period of declining ecumenism during the first three centuries of Islam, to a period of resurging ecumenism during the most recent century until now. Among the ecumenical voices in the Christian-Muslim dialogue, this book points out that the Qur’an itself is possibly the strongest of those voices. These findings are cause for, and evidence of, hope for the Christian–Muslim relationship: that although agreement may never be reached, dialogue has led at times to very real mutual understanding and appreciation of the religious other. Providing a tool for those pursuing understanding and mutual appreciation between the Islamic and Christian faiths, this book will be of interest to scholars and students of Islam, the Qur’an and the history of Christian-Muslim relations.

The City in the Muslim World

Author : Mohammad Gharipour
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317548221
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis The City in the Muslim World by : Mohammad Gharipour

Download or read book The City in the Muslim World written by Mohammad Gharipour and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a critical, yet innovative, perspective on the cultural interactions between the "East" and the "West", this book questions the role of travel in the production of knowledge and in the construction of the idea of the "Islamic city". This volume brings together authors from various disciplines, questioning the role of Western travel writing in the production of knowledge about the East, particularly focusing on the cities of the Muslim world. Instead of concentrating on a specific era, chapters span the Medieval and Modern eras in order to present the transformation of both the idea of the "Islamic city" and also the act of traveling and travel writing. Missions to the East, whether initiated by military, religious, economic, scientific, diplomatic or touristic purposes, resulted in a continuous construction, de-construction and re-construction of the "self" and the "other". Including travel accounts, which depicted cities, extending from Europe to Asia and from Africa to Arabia, chapters epitomize the construction of the "Orient" via textual or visual representations. By examining various tools of representation such as drawings, paintings, cartography, and photography in depicting the urban landscape in constant flux, the book emphasizes the role of the mobile individual in defining city space and producing urban culture. Scrutinising the role of travellers in producing the image of the world we know today, this book is recommended for researchers, scholars and students of Middle Eastern Studies, Cultural Studies, Architecture and Urbanism.

The Muslim Conquest of Iberia

Author : Nicola Clarke
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136588191
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis The Muslim Conquest of Iberia by : Nicola Clarke

Download or read book The Muslim Conquest of Iberia written by Nicola Clarke and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medieval Islamic society set great store by the transmission of history: to edify, argue legal points, explain present conditions, offer political and religious legitimacy, and entertain. Modern scholars, too, have had much to say about the usefulness of early Islamic history-writing, although this debate has traditionally focused overwhelmingly on the central Islamic lands. This book looks instead at local and regional history-writing in Medieval Iberia. Drawing on numerous Arabic texts – historical, geographical and biographical – composed and transmitted in al-Andalus, North Africa and the Islamic east between the ninth and fourteenth centuries, Nicola Clarke offers a nuanced and detailed analysis of narratives about the eighth-century Muslim conquest of Iberia. Comparing how individual episodes, characters, and themes are treated in different texts, and how this treatment relates to intellectual debates, literary trends, and socio-political conditions at the time of writing, she shows how competing priorities shaped myriad variations on a single story and how the scholars and patrons of a corner of the Islamic world distant from Baghdad viewed their own history. Offering a framework in which historians of Christian Iberia (and of Christian Europe more generally) can approach and make sense of culturally-significant texts from Muslim Iberia, this book will also be relevant to broader debates about the historiography of early Islam. As such, it will be of great interest to scholars of historiography, world history and Islamic studies.

Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006)

Author : Josef Meri
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351668137
Total Pages : 1238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006) by : Josef Meri

Download or read book Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006) written by Josef Meri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 1238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islamic civilization flourished in the Middle Ages across a vast geographical area that spans today's Middle and Near East. First published in 2006, Medieval Islamic Civilization examines the socio-cultural history of the regions where Islam took hold between the 7th and 16th centuries. This important two-volume work contains over 700 alphabetically arranged entries, contributed and signed by international scholars and experts in fields such as Arabic languages, Arabic literature, architecture, history of science, Islamic arts, Islamic studies, Middle Eastern studies, Near Eastern studies, politics, religion, Semitic studies, theology, and more. Entries also explore the importance of interfaith relations and the permeation of persons, ideas, and objects across geographical and intellectual boundaries between Europe and the Islamic world. This reference work provides an exhaustive and vivid portrait of Islamic civilization and brings together in one authoritative text all aspects of Islamic civilization during the Middle Ages. Accessible to scholars, students and non-specialists, this resource will be of great use in research and understanding of the roots of today's Islamic society as well as the rich and vivid culture of medieval Islamic civilization.

Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change

Author : Reuven Amitai
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 082484789X
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change by : Reuven Amitai

Download or read book Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change written by Reuven Amitai and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first millennium BCE, nomads of the Eurasian steppe have played a key role in world history and the development of adjacent sedentary regions, especially China, India, the Middle East, and Eastern and Central Europe. Although their more settled neighbors often saw them as an ongoing threat and imminent danger—“barbarians,” in fact—their impact on sedentary cultures was far more complex than the raiding, pillaging, and devastation with which they have long been associated in the popular imagination. The nomads were also facilitators and catalysts of social, demographic, economic, and cultural change, and nomadic culture had a significant influence on that of sedentary Eurasian civilizations, especially in cases when the nomads conquered and ruled over them. Not simply passive conveyors of ideas, beliefs, technologies, and physical artifacts, nomads were frequently active contributors to the process of cultural exchange and change. Their active choices and initiatives helped set the cultural and intellectual agenda of the lands they ruled and beyond. This volume brings together a distinguished group of scholars from different disciplines and cultural specializations to explore how nomads played the role of “agents of cultural change.” The beginning chapters examine this phenomenon in both east and west Asia in ancient and early medieval times, while the bulk of the book is devoted to the far flung Mongol empire of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. This comparative approach, encompassing both a lengthy time span and a vast region, enables a clearer understanding of the key role that Eurasian pastoral nomads played in the history of the Old World. It conveys a sense of the complex and engaging cultural dynamic that existed between nomads and their agricultural and urban neighbors, and highlights the non-military impact of nomadic culture on Eurasian history. Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change illuminates and complicates nomadic roles as active promoters of cultural exchange within a vast and varied region. It makes available important original scholarship on the new turn in the study of the Mongol empire and on relations between the nomadic and sedentary worlds.

Angels in Islam

Author : Stephen Burge
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136504745
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Angels in Islam by : Stephen Burge

Download or read book Angels in Islam written by Stephen Burge and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angels are a basic tenet of belief in Islam, appearing in various types and genres of text, from eschatology to law and theology to devotional material. This book presents the first comprehensive study of angels in Islam, through an analysis of a collection of traditions (hadīth) compiled by the 15th century polymath Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūtī (d. 911/1505). With a focus on the principal angels in Islam, the author provides an analysis and critical translation of hadith included in al-Suyuti’s al-Haba’ik fi akhbar al-mala’ik (‘The Arrangement of the Traditions about Angels’) – many of which are translated into English for the first time. The book discusses the issues that the hadīth raise, exploring why angels are named in particular ways; how angels are described and portrayed in the hadīth; the ways in which angels interact with humans; and the theological controversies which feature angels. From this it is possible to place al-Suyūtī’s collection in its religious and historical milieu, building on the study of angels in Judaism and Christianity to explore aspects of comparative religious beliefs about angels as well as relating Muslim beliefs about angels to wider debates in Islamic Studies. Broadening the study of Islamic angelology and providing a significant amount of newly translated primary source material, this book will be of great interest to scholars of Islam, divinity, and comparative religion.