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Multivariate Relative Rate Measurements Of Reactions Between Volatile Organic Compounds Vocs And Atmospheric Radicals
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Book Synopsis Multivariate Relative Rate Measurements of Reactions Between Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Atmospheric Radicals by : Jacob T. Shaw
Download or read book Multivariate Relative Rate Measurements of Reactions Between Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Atmospheric Radicals written by Jacob T. Shaw and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinetics of Atmospheric Reactions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds by : Marie Coy Killian
Download or read book Kinetics of Atmospheric Reactions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds written by Marie Coy Killian and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react with Cl and OH radicals and the resulting radicals combine with oxygen to form peroxy radicals RO2. Organic peroxy radicals can then react with NO to form NO2, a precursor of tropospheric ozone. The work presented here explored the initial reaction between Cl and thujone, a VOC emitted by Great Basin sagebrush. The rate constant for the reaction of thujone + Cl at 296 K was measured with the method of relative rates with FTIR for detection of reactants. LEDs were used to photolyze Cl2 to generate Cl in the reaction cell. Thujone was also photolyzed by the LEDs and therefore the relative rates model was revised to account for this photolysis. With toluene as the reference compound, the rate constant for thujone + Cl at 296 K is 2.62 ± 1.90 × 10-12 molecules-1 s-1, giving an atmospheric lifetime of 0.5-2.6 minutes for thujone.
Book Synopsis Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere by : Ralf Koppmann
Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere written by Ralf Koppmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day, large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products caused by oxidation of VOCs is one of the largest unknowns in the quantitative prediction of the earth’s climate on a regional and global scale, and on the understanding of local air quality. To be able to model and control their impact, it is essential to understand the sources of VOCs, their distribution in the atmosphere and the chemical transformations which remove these compounds from the atmosphere. In recent years techniques for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere have been developed to increase the spectrum of detectable compounds and their detection limits. New methods have been introduced to increase the time resolution of those measurements and to resolve more complex mixtures of organic compounds. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry of VOCs as well as the methods and techniques to analyse gaseous and particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere. The aim is to provide an authoritative review to address the needs of both graduate students and active researchers in the field of atmospheric chemistry research.
Book Synopsis Studies of the Atmospheric Chemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds and of Their Atmospheric Reaction Products by : Roger Atkinson
Download or read book Studies of the Atmospheric Chemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds and of Their Atmospheric Reaction Products written by Roger Atkinson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Reactions of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Products by : Jillian Dolores Baker
Download or read book Atmospheric Reactions of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Products written by Jillian Dolores Baker and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Yields and Reactions of Intermediate Compounds Formed from the Initial Atmospheric Reactions of Selected VOCs by :
Download or read book Yields and Reactions of Intermediate Compounds Formed from the Initial Atmospheric Reactions of Selected VOCs written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Transformation of Volatile Organic Compounds by :
Download or read book Atmospheric Transformation of Volatile Organic Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To be able to understand and predict the concentration of a target compound in the atmosphere one must understand the atmospheric chemistry involved. The transformation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the troposphere is predominantly driven by the interaction with the hydroxyl and nitrate radicals. The hydroxyl radical exists in daylight conditions and its reaction rate constant with an organic compound is typically very fast. The nitrate radical drives the nighttime chemistry. These radicals can scavenge hydrogen from an organic molecule generating secondary products that are often overlooked in detection schemes. Secondary products can be more stable and serve as a better target compound in detection schemes. The gas-phase reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with cyclohexanol (COL) has been studied. The rate coefficient was determined to be (19.0+4.8) x 10-12cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (at 297+3 oK and 1 atmosphere total pressure) using the relative rate technique with pentanal, decane, and tridecane as the reference compounds. Assuming an average OH concentration of 1 x 106 molecules cm-3, an atmospheric lifetime of 15 h is calculated for cyclohexanol. Products of the OH + COL reaction were determined to more clearly define cyclohexanol's atmospheric degradation mechanism. The observed products were: cyclohexanone, hexanedial, 3-hydroxycyclohexanone, and 4-hydroxycyclohexanone. Consideration of the potential reaction pathways suggests that each of these products is formed via hydrogen abstraction at a different site on the cyclohexanol ring.
Book Synopsis Pamphlets on Employment-Minnesota by :
Download or read book Pamphlets on Employment-Minnesota written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Chemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds by :
Download or read book Atmospheric Chemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relative hydroxyl (OH) reaction rates from the simulated atmospheric oxidation of several acetates and other oxygenated organic compounds have been measured. The OH radical was from the photolysis of methyl nitrite in air. The reaction products of 2-ethoxyethyl acetate with OH identified and quantified and a reaction mechanism is proposed. The measured rate constants (x10( -11)cm(3)molecule( -1)s( -1)) are: 6.77+/-0.50 for trans-4-octene, 1.40+/-0.07 for 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 6.70+/-0.23 for trans-2-heptene, .342+/-0.087 for n-propyl acetate, .571+/-0.094 for n-butyl acetate, 0.753+/-0.048 for n-pentyl acetate, 1.056+/-0.131 for 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, 1.356+/-0.232 for 2-ethoxyethyl isobutyrate, 2.722+/-.206 for 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, 4.34+/-.385 4-penten-1-yl acetate, and 3.33+/-0.122 for 3-ethoxyacrylic acid ethyl ester.
Book Synopsis Nitrous Acid, Hydroxyl Radicals, and Peroxy Radicals by : Brandon Bottorff
Download or read book Nitrous Acid, Hydroxyl Radicals, and Peroxy Radicals written by Brandon Bottorff and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydroxyl radical (OH) and peroxy radicals (HO2 and RO2) are key species that drive the oxidation of trace gases and control the fate of several tropospheric pollutants. Reactions of these radical species with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO + NO2 = NOx) establish a fast radical-propagation cycle that can lead to a net production of harmful secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Attempts to develop accurate control strategies for these pollutants require an in-depth understanding of radical chemistry, however recent measurements of radical concentrations have shown discrepancies with predictive models.This work will describe measurements of radicals made by the Indiana University Laser- Induced Fluorescence-Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion (LIF-FAGE) instrument that has been described previously, and will also detail the development and initial measurements made by a Laser-photofragmentation/Laser-induced fluorescence (LP/LIF) instrument capable of nearsimultaneous detection of OH and nitrous acid (HONO), an important radical precursor. In particular, this work will detail measurements of OH, and HO2 made by the LIF-FAGE instrument in a forested environment in northern Michigan as part of the 2016 Program for Research on Oxidants, Photochemistry, and Transport (PROPHET) field campaign. An extensive set of supporting measurements, including photolysis rates and mixing ratios of NOx, VOCs, and other trace gases was used to constrain a zero dimensional box to assess our current understanding of atmospheric chemistry in remote environments characterized by high VOC mixing ratios and low mixing ratios of NOx.In addition, the development and initial field deployment of the LP/LIF instrument will be detailed. This will include a discussion on a novel calibration method based on determining the photofragmentation efficiency (PE) of HONO by the 355-nm photolysis laser, and also includes initial measurements of HONO and OH in both a forested and urban setting. Lastly, HONO mixing ratios in the indoor environment will be analyzed through measurements made as part of the House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry (HOMEChem) field campaign. HONO behavior during a variety of common household activities will be assessed and measurements from the LP/LIF instrument are compared to simultaneous measurements from a chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) instrument. The agreement between the two instruments gives confidence in both measurement techniques and also suggests that HONO concentrations can be well mixed in indoor environments.
Book Synopsis Theories of Molecular Reaction Dynamics by : Niels E. Henriksen
Download or read book Theories of Molecular Reaction Dynamics written by Niels E. Henriksen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with a central topic at the interface of chemistry and physics - the understanding of how the transformation of matter takes place at the atomic level. Building on the laws of physics, the book focuses on the theoretical framework for predicting the outcome of chemical reactions. The style is highly systematic with attention to basic concepts and clarity of presentation. Molecular reaction dynamics is about the detailed atomic-level description of chemical reactions. Based on quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics or, as an approximation, classical mechanics, the dynamics of uni- and bi-molecular elementary reactions are described. The book features a detailed presentation of transition-state theory which plays an important role in practice, and a comprehensive discussion of basic theories of reaction dynamics in condensed phases. Examples and end-of-chapter problems are included in order to illustrate the theory and its connection to chemical problems.
Book Synopsis Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by : Ülo Niinemets
Download or read book Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions written by Ülo Niinemets and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-08 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-driven volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions play a major role in atmospheric chemistry, including ozone and photochemical smog formation in the troposphere, and they extend the atmospheric lifetime of the key greenhouse gas, methane. Furthermore, condensation of photo-oxidation products of BVOCs leads to formation of secondary organic aerosols with profound implications for the earth's solar radiation budget and climate. Trees represent the plant life form that most contributes to BVOC emissions, which gives global forests a unique role in regulating atmospheric chemistry. Written by leading experts in the field, the focus is on recent advancements in understanding the controls on plant-driven BVOC emissions, including efforts to quantitatively predict emissions using computer models, particularly on elicitation of emissions under biotic and abiotic stresses, molecular mechanisms of volatile synthesis and emission and the role of emissions in plant stress tolerance.
Book Synopsis Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations by : National Research Council
Download or read book Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-07 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.
Book Synopsis Journal of the American Statistical Association by :
Download or read book Journal of the American Statistical Association written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plant Volatile Analysis by : Hans F. Linskens
Download or read book Plant Volatile Analysis written by Hans F. Linskens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-04-16 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers a vast array of methods for the analysis of volatile compounds exuded by plants. Some of these volatiles are of great commercial importance, including the aromas of wines and teas, and volatiles in fruits. Other volatiles such as essential oils can be useful for chemotaxonomic purposes, and a chapter on an emerging method, that of chemometric analysis of such data, is included. Isoprene and ammonia rarely find a place in analytical methods presented for plant materials, but methods for these volatiles are described in this book. The volatiles given off by flowers are also included, and in situ headspace analysis of these volatiles is described, a method of potential use for the study of insect-plant interactions.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis Environmental Organic Chemistry by : René P. Schwarzenbach
Download or read book Environmental Organic Chemistry written by René P. Schwarzenbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-06-24 with total page 1329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Organic Chemistry focuses on environmental factors that govern the processes that determine the fate of organic chemicals in natural and engineered systems. The information discovered is then applied to quantitatively assessing the environmental behaviour of organic chemicals. Now in its 2nd edition this book takes a more holistic view on physical-chemical properties of organic compounds. It includes new topics that address aspects of gas/solid partitioning, bioaccumulation, and transformations in the atmosphere. Structures chapters into basic and sophisticated sections Contains illustrative examples, problems and case studies Examines the fundamental aspects of organic, physical and inorganic chemistry - applied to environmentally relevant problems Addresses problems and case studies in one volume
