Motor Cortex Microcircuits Frontiers In Brain Microcircuits Series

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Motor Cortex Microcircuits (Frontiers in Brain Microcircuits Series)

Author : Michael Brecht
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889193896
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Motor Cortex Microcircuits (Frontiers in Brain Microcircuits Series) by : Michael Brecht

Download or read book Motor Cortex Microcircuits (Frontiers in Brain Microcircuits Series) written by Michael Brecht and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does the motor cortex enable mammals to generate accurate, complex, and purposeful movements? A cubic millimeter of motor cortex contains roughly ̃10̂5 cells, an amazing ̃4 Km of axons and ̃0.4 Km of dendrites, somehow wired together with ̃10̂9 synapses. Corticospinal neurons (a.k.a. Betz cells, upper motor neurons) are a key cell type, monosynaptically conveying the output of the cortical circuit to the spinal cord circuits and lower motor neurons. But corticospinal neurons are greatly outnumbered by all the other kinds of neurons in motor cortex, which presumably also contribute crucially to the computational operations carried out for planning, executing, and guiding actions. Determining the wiring patterns, the dynamics of signaling, and how these relate to movement at the level of specific excitatory and inhibitory cell types is critically important for a mechanistic understanding of the input-output organization of motor cortex. While there is a predictive microcircuit hypothesis that relates motor learning to the operation of the cerebellar cortex, we lack such a microcircuit understanding in motor cortex and we consider microcircuits as a central research topic in the field. This Research Topic covers any issues relating to the microcircuit-level analysis of motor cortex. Contributions are welcomed from neuroscientists at all levels of investigation, from in vivo physiology and imaging in humans and monkeys, to rodent models, in vitro anatomy, electrophysiology, electroanatomy, cellular imaging, molecular biology, disease models, computational modeling, and more.

Handbook of Brain Microcircuits

Author : Gordon M. Shepherd
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190636114
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Brain Microcircuits by : Gordon M. Shepherd

Download or read book Handbook of Brain Microcircuits written by Gordon M. Shepherd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to focus on principles, each chapter in this work is brief, organized around 1-3 wiring diagrams of the key circuits, with several pages of text that distil the functional significance of each microcircuit

Microcircuits

Author : Sten Grillner
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262072785
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Microcircuits by : Sten Grillner

Download or read book Microcircuits written by Sten Grillner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading neuroscientists discuss the function of microcircuits, functional modules that act as elementary processing units bridging single cells to systems and behavior. Microcircuits, functional modules that act as elementary processing units bridging single cells to systems and behavior, could provide the link between neurons and global brain function. Microcircuits are designed to serve particular functions; examples of these functional modules include the cortical columns in sensory cortici, glomeruli in the olfactory systems of insects and vertebrates, and networks generating different aspects of motor behavior. In this Dahlem Workshop volume, leading neuroscientists discuss how microcircuits work to bridge the single cell and systems levels and compare the intrinsic function of microcircuits with their ion channel subtypes, connectivity, and receptors, in order to understand the design principles and function of the microcircuits. The chapters cover the four major areas of microcircuit research: motor systems, including locomotion, respiration, and the saccadic eye movements; the striatum, the largest input station of the basal ganglia; olfactory systems and the neural organization of the glomeruli; and the neocortex. Each chapter is followed by a group report, a collaborative discussion among senior scientists. Contributors Lidia Alonso-Nanclares, Hagai Bergman, Maria Blatow, J. Paul Bolam, Ansgar Büschges, Antonio Caputi, Jean-Pierre Changeux, Javier DeFelipe, Carsten Duch, Paul Feinstein, Stuart Firestein, Yves Frégnac, Rainer W. Friedrich, C. Giovanni Galizia, Ann M. Graybiel, Charles A. Greer, Sten Grillner, Tadashi Isa, Ole Kiehn, Minoru Kimura, Anders Lanser, Gilles Laurent, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Wolfgang Maass, Henry Markram, David A. McCormick, Christoph M. Michel, Peter Mombaerts, Hannah Monyer, Hans-Joachim Pflüger, Dietmar Plenz, Diethelm W. Richter, Silke Sachse, H. Sebastian Seung, Keith T. Sillar, Jeffrey C. Smith, David L. Sparks, D. James Surmeier, Eörs Szathmáry, James M. Tepper, Jeff R. Wickens, Rafael Yuste

Task-space Separation Principle

Author : Paolo Tommasino
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811303533
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Task-space Separation Principle by : Paolo Tommasino

Download or read book Task-space Separation Principle written by Paolo Tommasino and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-26 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses two fundamental issues of motor control for both humans and robots: kinematic redundancy and the posture/movement problem. It blends traditional robotic constrained-optimal approaches with neuroscientific and evidence-based principles, proposing a “Task-space Separation Principle,” a novel scheme for planning both posture and movement in redundant manipulators. The proposed framework is first tested in simulation and then compared with experimental motor strategies displayed by humans during redundant pointing tasks. The book also shows how this model builds on and expands traditional formulations such as the Passive Motion Paradigm and the Equilibrium Point Theory. Lastly, breaking with the neuroscientific tradition of planar movements and linear(ized) kinematics, the theoretical formulation and experimental scenarios are set in the nonlinear space of 3D rotations which are essential for wrist motions, a somewhat neglected area despite its importance in daily tasks.

Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy

Author : Mikhail Lebedev
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889456145
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy by : Mikhail Lebedev

Download or read book Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy written by Mikhail Lebedev and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.

The Structure, Dynamics and Function of Neural Micro-Circuits for Perception and Behavior

Author : Yoshiyuki Kubota
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832501524
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure, Dynamics and Function of Neural Micro-Circuits for Perception and Behavior by : Yoshiyuki Kubota

Download or read book The Structure, Dynamics and Function of Neural Micro-Circuits for Perception and Behavior written by Yoshiyuki Kubota and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Interventional Psychiatry

Author : Joao Quevedo
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443184976
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Interventional Psychiatry by : Joao Quevedo

Download or read book Interventional Psychiatry written by Joao Quevedo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-04-26 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in pharmacology and brain stimulation have led to the development of novel treatments for psychiatric disorders. These new advances have led to the development of a new subspeciality, Interventional Psychiatry. Interventional Psychiatry: Road to Novel Therapeutics reviews all specialized treatments including device-based interventions such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). This book discusses the procedure-based pharmacologic interventions including ketamine infusion therapy and psychedelic therapies. Internationally contributed, each this book outlines the state of the field, as well as implications for training and the role of the interventional psychiatrist in treatment teams. Introduces an innovative approach combining both well-established and innovative methodologies Includes an in-depth description of putative mechanisms of action Features clinician-friendly presentation of indications, contraindications, and techniques Outlines guidelines to foster fellowships in Interventional Psychiatry

Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution

Author : Agustín González
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889193063
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution by : Agustín González

Download or read book Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution written by Agustín González and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny? b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared? c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success? d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.

The olivo-cerebellar system

Author : Egidio D'Angelo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288919826X
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis The olivo-cerebellar system by : Egidio D'Angelo

Download or read book The olivo-cerebellar system written by Egidio D'Angelo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decades, investigations on the olivo-cerebellar system have attained a high level of sophistication, which led to redefinitions of several structural and functional properties of neurons, synapses, connections and circuits. Research has expanded and deepened in so many directions and so many theories and models have been proposed that an ensemble review of the matter is now needed. Yet, hot topics remain open and scientific discussion is very lively at several fronts. One major question, here as well as in other major brain circuits, is how single neurons and synaptic properties emerge at the network level and contribute to behavioural regulation via neuronal plasticity. Other major aspects that this Research Topic covers and discusses include the development and circuit organization of the olivo-cerebellar network, the established and recent theories of learning and motor control, and the emerging role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing. By touching on such varied and encompassing subjects, this Frontiers Special Topic aims to highlight the state of the art and stimulate future research. We hope that this unique collection of high-quality articles from experts in the field will provide scientists with a powerful basis of knowledge and inspiration to enucleate the major issues deserving further attention.

Why Have Cortical Layers? What Is the Function of Layering? Do Neurons in Cortex Integrate Information Across Different Layers?

Author : Kathleen Rockland
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889456609
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Have Cortical Layers? What Is the Function of Layering? Do Neurons in Cortex Integrate Information Across Different Layers? by : Kathleen Rockland

Download or read book Why Have Cortical Layers? What Is the Function of Layering? Do Neurons in Cortex Integrate Information Across Different Layers? written by Kathleen Rockland and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

From Ecology to Brain Development: Bridging Separate Evolutionary Paradigms

Author : Francisco Aboitiz
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889455572
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis From Ecology to Brain Development: Bridging Separate Evolutionary Paradigms by : Francisco Aboitiz

Download or read book From Ecology to Brain Development: Bridging Separate Evolutionary Paradigms written by Francisco Aboitiz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nervous system is the product of biological evolution and is shaped by the interplay between extrinsic factors determining the ecology of animals, and by intrinsic processes that dictate the developmental rules that give rise to adult functional structures. This special topic is oriented to develop an integrative view from behavior and ecology to neurodevelopmental processes. We address questions such as how do sensory systems evolve according to ecological conditions? How do neural networks organize to generate adaptive behavior? How does cognition and brain connectivity evolve? What are the developmental mechanisms that give rise to functional adaptation? Accordingly, the book is divided in three sections, (i) Evolution of sensorimotor systems; (ii) Cognitive computations and neural circuits, and (iii) Development and brain evolution. We hope that this initiative will support an interdisciplinary program that addresses the nervous system as a unified organ, subject to both functional and developmental constraints, where the final outcome results of a compromise between different parameters rather than being the result of several single variables acting independently of each other.

Oxford Textbook of Clinical Neurophysiology

Author : Kerry R. Mills
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191512842
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Clinical Neurophysiology by : Kerry R. Mills

Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Clinical Neurophysiology written by Kerry R. Mills and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Clinical Neurology series, the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Neurophysiology includes sections that provide a summary of the basic science underlying neurophysiological techniques, a description of the techniques themselves, including normal values, and a description of the use of the techniques in clinical situations. Much of diagnostic neurophysiology is essentially pattern recognition which is illustrated throughout the text using audio and video examples. Divided into four key sections, this book begins with the scientific basis of clinical neurophysiology (Section 1) before exploring specific techniques including Electromyography, Intracranial EEG recordings, and Magnetoencephalography (Section 2). The final two sections explore clinical aspects of both the peripheral nervous system (Section 3) and the central nervous system (Section 4).

Wiring Principles of Cerebral Cortex

Author : Julian Budd
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889196925
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Wiring Principles of Cerebral Cortex by : Julian Budd

Download or read book Wiring Principles of Cerebral Cortex written by Julian Budd and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral cortex is probably the most complex biological network. Here many millions of individual neurons, the functional units of cortex, are interconnected through a massive yet highly organized pattern of axonal and dendritic wiring. This wiring enables both near and distant cells to coordinate their responses and generate a rich variety of cognitions and behaviours. When the wiring is damaged through disease or trauma it may reorganize but this may lead to characteristic pathological behaviours. While there have been significant advances in mapping cortical connectivity, the organizing principles and function of this connectivity are not well understood. On the one hand, there appears to be general design constraints governing cortical wiring, as first recognised by Rámon y Cajal's in his laws of conduction, material, and volume conservation. Yet on the other hand, particular patterns of cortical wiring exist to serve specific functions. There is a wide gap in understanding how the response and connectivity properties of a single neuron contribute to emergent network functions such as in detecting perceptually relevant features. Unravelling this intimate causal relationship represents one of the major challenges in neuroscience. This Research Topic will examine progress in understanding cortical wiring principles. This Research Topic aims to draw together recent advances in methods and understanding as well as recent challenges to existing ideas about how cerebral cortex is wired. This is particularly timely because new automated techniques may soon yield huge datasets in need of explanation. Recent studies have, for instance, empirically evaluated Rámon y Cajal's conservation laws for cerebral cortex, while others have shown some unexpected connectivity features that may refine the traditional view of how corticocortical connections are organised with regard to functional representations of auditory, somatosensory and visual cortices. Understanding these data will help improve the fidelity of neural models of cerebral cortical function and take into account the diversity of connections at both micro- and mesoscopic scales not seen at such a depth before.

The neocortical column

Author : Javier DeFelipe
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889190420
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis The neocortical column by : Javier DeFelipe

Download or read book The neocortical column written by Javier DeFelipe and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The columnar organization is currently the most widely held hypothesis to explain the cortical processing of information, making its study of potential interest to any researcher interested in the cerebral cortex, both in a healthy and pathological state. Enough data are now available so that the Blue Brain Project can realistically tackle a model of the sensory column in rat. Few will deny however, that a comprehensive framework of the function and structure of columns has remained elusive. One set of persistent problems, as frequently remarked, is nomenclature. "Column" is used freely and promiscuously to refer to multiple, distinguishable entities; for example, cellular or dendritic minicolumns (<50um), and afferent macrocolumns (200-500um). Another set of problems is the degree to which the classical criteria (shared response properties, shared input and common output) may need to be modified and, if so, how. A third, related set of problems is to define area-specific and species-specific variations. Finally, more of an ultimate goal than a problem, is to achieve fundamental understanding of what columns are and how they are used in cortical processes. Therefore, one of the major objectives is to translate recent technical advances and new findings in the neurosciences into practical applications for the neuroscientist, the clinician, and for those interested in comparative anatomy and brain evolution.

Proceedings of the International School on Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function - XIII Workshop

Author : Itamar Ronen
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889711994
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International School on Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function - XIII Workshop by : Itamar Ronen

Download or read book Proceedings of the International School on Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function - XIII Workshop written by Itamar Ronen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neural Circuits: Japan

Author : Yasuo Kawaguchi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288919437X
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Circuits: Japan by : Yasuo Kawaguchi

Download or read book Neural Circuits: Japan written by Yasuo Kawaguchi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Frontiers Research Topic on ‘Neural Circuits: Japan’ explores the diversity of neural circuit research occurring across Japan by innovative researchers using cutting-edge approaches. This issue has brought together papers revealing the development, structure, and physiology of neuronal circuits involved in sensory perception, sleep and wakefulness, behavioral selection, and motor command generation in a range of species from the nematode to the primate. Like the USA and Europe, Japan is now making a strong effort to elucidate neural circuit function in diverse organisms by taking advantages of optogenetics and innovative approaches for gene manipulation, traditional physiological and anatomical approaches, and neural pathway-selective inactivation techniques that have recently been developed in Japan.

The Orexin System. Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology

Author : M.A. Steiner
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318068446
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The Orexin System. Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology by : M.A. Steiner

Download or read book The Orexin System. Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology written by M.A. Steiner and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The orexin system, discovered in 1998, has emerged as a crucial player in regulating the sleep and wake balance inside our brain. This discovery has sparked a burst of novel and dynamic research on the physiology and pathology of sleep. The Orexin System: Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology honors this research and the authors share their ideas and perspectives on the novel developments within the field. The book examines the intricate role of the orexin system in regulating sleep and wake, and its interaction with other wake-regulating systems. The orexin system is dissected at the cellular and molecular level to explore the diversity of the orexin-producing neurons, their projections, and their signaling pathways. Additionally, the book discusses the diseases which are associated with a dysfunctional orexin system, such as narcolepsy, insomnia, substance abuse, and Alzheimer’s disease, and explores the new potential therapeutic applications derived from the burst of research around this fascinating system. This publication is essential reading for neurobiologists, neurologists, psychopharmacologists, sleep researchers, and other researchers and clinical scientists interested in sleep, sleep research, insomnia, and medicine in general.