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Book Synopsis Historic Mortars by : John J. Hughes
Download or read book Historic Mortars written by John J. Hughes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state of the art in mortar characterisation, experimentation with and applications of new mortars for conservation and repair of historic buildings. This volume includes the following topics: characterisation of historic mortars (methods, interpretation, application of results), development of new materials for conservation (compatibility, durability, mix designs), the history of mortar technology and fundamental experimental studies of material properties. The papers have been selected from those presented at the 3rd Historic Mortars Conference, held in Glasgow, Scotland, September 11-14th 2013. All the papers here underwent a two stage peer review process, for the conference and again for this volume. In some cases this has resulted in a revision and updating of content.
Download or read book Historic Mortars written by Jan Válek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-23 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on research and practical issues connected with mortars on historic structures. The book is divided into four sections: Characterisation of Historic Mortars, Repair Mortars and Design Issues, Experimental Research into Properties of Repair Mortars, and Assessment and Testing. The papers present the latest work of researchers in their field. The individual contributions were selected from the contributions to the 2nd Historic Mortars Conference, which took place in Prague, September, 22-24, 2010. All papers were reviewed and improved as necessary before publication. This peer review process by the editors resulted in the 34 individual contributions included in here. One extra paper reviewing and summarising State-of-the-Art knowledge covered by this publication was added as a starting and navigational point for the reader. The editors believe that having these papers in print is important and they hope that it will stimulate further research into historic mortars and related subjects.
Book Synopsis Mortars in World War II by : John Norris
Download or read book Mortars in World War II written by John Norris and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2016-03-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortars were used throughout the Second World War by all armies and in all theatres. Although a very simple weapon they could greatly enhance the firepower of infantry formations, giving them their own mobile artillery arm. They repeatedly proved their worth in both offensive and defensive situations, breaking up or supporting infantry attacks and laying smoke or illumination rounds. Despite their ubiquity and effectiveness, there have been relatively few works devoted to these important and versatile weapons. John Norris give a brief history of the origins of the weapon and its use in the Great War before moving on to look in detail at the many types developed and used in the Second World War. The design and development of various types and their various munitions (HE, smoke and illumination) are discussed, including those incorporated into fixed defensive systems such as the Atlantic Wall, specialist variants developed for airborne units and those mounted on vehicles to provide mobile fire support. The tactics developed for their use and the structure of the support companies formed to utilize them are also examined in detail. And of course their combat history in the many theatres is outlined, using examples drawing on first-hand accounts of those that used them. This book is sure to be of great value to enthusiasts who collect mortars and their ammunition, re-enactors, modellers and wargamers as well as those readers interested in the history of weapons generally or those of World War II in particular.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Polymer-Modified Concrete and Mortars by : Yoshihiko Ohama
Download or read book Handbook of Polymer-Modified Concrete and Mortars written by Yoshihiko Ohama and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1995-12-31 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortar and concrete made with portland cement has been a popular construction material in the world for the past 170 years or more. However, cement mortar and concrete have some disadvantages such as delayed hardening, low tensile strength, large drying shrinkage and low chemical resistance. To reduce these disadvantages, polymers have been utilized as an additive.Polymer-modified or polymer cement mortar (PCM) and concrete (PCC) are the materials which are made by partially replacing the cement hydrate binders of conventional cement mortar or concrete, with polymers. This book deals with the principles of polymer modification for cement composites, the process technology, properties and applications of the polymer-modified mortar and concrete, and special polymer-modified systems such as M DF cement, antiwashout underwater concrete, polymer-ferrocement, and artificial I wood.The polymeric admixtures or cement modifiers include latexes or emulsions, redispersible polymer powders, water-soluble polymers, liquid resins and monomers.This book describes the current knowledge and information of polymer-modified mortars and concretes, and discusses or reviews the following items in detail:1. Principles of polymer modification for cement composites.2. Process technology of polymer-modified mortars and concretes.3. Properties of polymer-modified mortars and concretes.4. Applications of polymer-modified mortars and concretes.5. Special polymer-modified systems such as MDF cements, antiwashout underwater concretes, polymer-ferrocements, and artificial woods.
Book Synopsis Essays on Hydraulic and Common Mortars and on Limeburning by :
Download or read book Essays on Hydraulic and Common Mortars and on Limeburning written by and published by . This book was released on 1842 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Latex-modified Concretes and Mortars by : V. Ramakrishnan
Download or read book Latex-modified Concretes and Mortars written by V. Ramakrishnan and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1992 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis wil be of interest to materials engineers, construction engineers, maintenance engineers, pavement contractors and others interested in the use of latex-modified mortars (LMM) and concretes ( LMC). Information is provided on material properties of various LMM and LMC, as well as current construction practices used for LMM and LMC. Potential applications for LMM and LMC are also included. The use of innovative modified portland cement mortars and concretes for construction and maintenance applications is growing. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the current state of the practice with respect to the use of latex-modified portland cement concretes and mortars. The extent of use of each material (including case histories), based on results of surveys of state highway agencies and a review of the literature, is summarized.
Book Synopsis Observations on Limes, Calcareous Cements, Mortars, Stuccos, and Concrete by : Charles William Pasley
Download or read book Observations on Limes, Calcareous Cements, Mortars, Stuccos, and Concrete written by Charles William Pasley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An 1838 work outlining the experimentally determined properties of various building materials, with a view to their practical application.
Book Synopsis Essays on Hydraulic and common Mortars and on lime-burning. Translated from the French of Gen. Treussart, M. Petot, and M. Courtois. With brief observations on common mortars, hydraulic mortars and concretes ... By J. G. Totten by : Joseph Gilbert TOTTEN
Download or read book Essays on Hydraulic and common Mortars and on lime-burning. Translated from the French of Gen. Treussart, M. Petot, and M. Courtois. With brief observations on common mortars, hydraulic mortars and concretes ... By J. G. Totten written by Joseph Gilbert TOTTEN and published by . This book was released on 1842 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tar for Mortar written by Jonathan Basile and published by punctum books. This book was released on 2018 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TAR FOR MORTAR offers an in-depth exploration of one of literature's greatest tricksters, Jorge Luis Borges. His short story "The Library of Babel" is a signature examplar of this playfulness, though not merely for the inverted world it imagines, where a library thought to contain all possible permutations of all letters and words and books is plumbed by pious librarians looking for divinely pre-fabricated truths. One must grapple as well with the irony of Borges's narration, which undermines at every turn its narrator's claims of the library's universality, including the very possibility of exhausting meaning through combinatory processing. Borges directed readers to his non-fiction to discover the true author of the idea of the universal library. But his supposedly historical essays are notoriously riddled with false references and self-contradictions. Whether in truth or in fiction, Borges never reaches a stable conclusion about the atomic premises of the universal library - is it possible to find a character set capable of expressing all possible meaning, or do these letters, like his stories and essays, divide from themselves in a restless incompletion? While many readers of Borges see him as presaging our digital technologies, they often give too much credit to our inventions in doing so. Those who elide the necessary incompletion of the Library of Babel compare it to the Internet on the assumption that both are total archives of all possible thought and expression. Though Borges's imaginings lend themselves to digital creativity (libraryofbabel.info is certainly evidence of this), they do so by showing the necessary incompleteness of every totalizing project, no matter how technologically refined. Ultimately, Basile nudges readers toward the idea that a fictional/imaginary exposition can hold a certain power over technology.
Book Synopsis Salt Deterioration of Historic Mortars in Tropical Climate: Analysis and Characterisation by : Isabela Wilfred Mtani
Download or read book Salt Deterioration of Historic Mortars in Tropical Climate: Analysis and Characterisation written by Isabela Wilfred Mtani and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contribution of this study to the general body of knowledge is in providing an understanding of the thermodynamic behaviour of soluble salt mixtures in historic buildings located in the tropical marine zone of Tanzania. This tropical zone is found in the eastern part of the country along the Indian Ocean coast. This research is geared towards informing the general public, most of whom believe that salt crystallisation is the main cause of historic buildings deteriorating. This belief emanates from the understanding that historic buildings in a marine environment are highly susceptible to salt crystallisation, more so because they tend to receive daily oceanic spray which contains salt. The problem is aggravated by the encroachment of the ocean on these buildings. Salt crystallisation on these structures is further complicated by air pollution owing to rapid urbanisation in these areas. It is worth noting that salt crystallisation is an extremely complex process and its effect depend on many variables including climate. Ten historic buildings involved in this study are located in three different areas of the country. Eight historic buildings are located in the tropical climate 1 - 200 m from the Indian Ocean, and two historic buildings are located in inland Tanzania 190 km and 589 km from the ocean. These two historic buildings experience a modified tropical climate and semi-arid climate. The criteria for selecting the buildings considered variations and the extent of salt deterioration in different parts of the country.
The main goal of the study was to embark on a detailed analysis of the salt deterioration on Tanzanian historic buildings which has not hitherto been fully investigated and to provide a sustainable solution to the problem through climate control. This solution is needed, since there is no approved conservation programme and as a result of existing government budgetary constraints, very little conservation research has been done on any site or monuments except those registered under UNESCO. The research results of this project contributes to solving the existing monument research gap, thereby stimulating the initiation of a sustainable restoration programme, together with the provision of the much needed government research tools. This research provides information on the type of construction and building materials used during the construction of these buildings. Such information is vital in salt analysis and in futurerestoration, conservation and consolidation of these buildings, which provides a substantial income to the country through the tourist industry. There are also other factors like the preservation of the history and culture of the country and job creation.
The abundance of chloride (Cl-) ions of magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), and potasium (K+) in these buildings as identified by this study explains the survival of the historic buildings in the tropical marine areas of Tanzania. These ions can lead to the formation of halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl), bischofite (MgCl2•6H2O), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and antarcticite (CaCl2•6H2O), depending on their presence and quantity in the walls of historic buildings. The results of ECOS/RUNSALT program indicate that salt is not the major problem because the major ions hitherto detected form salts like halite and sylvite, are mostly in liquid form. Under a high evaporation rate these salts easily migrate to the surface of the building’s walls whereby a supersaturated solution is formed leading to surface crystallisation. The surface crystallisation is evident in salt profile analysis by photospectrometry, whereby the quantity of soluble salt ions decreases with depth. The detachment of protective rendering, the peeling off of paint and efflorescence in the investigated historic buildings in tropical marine areas of Tanzania is evidence of surface crystallisation. Mirabilite (Na2SO4•10H2O), gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) and epsomite (MgSO4•7H2O) can crystallize in tropical areas. The SO42- and NO3- ions detected in these buildings are so scanty as not to cause ionic interactions needed for the formation of destructive sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) except in the Cooperation Building where SO42- is as high as 1.8 % w/w. However, this is not a trivial problem and should not be ignored, especially because of the destructive nature of Na2SO4 and the increase in air pollution.
Laboratory simulation of the three environmental conditions using two salts, Na2SO4 and NaCl, provided similar results on the exposure of lime mortar samples in 50% Relative Humidity (RH) and 20oC; 75% RH and 28oC and 85% RH and 28oC. Samples exposed to 85% RH and 28oC in a controlled environment showed enormous deterioration due to crystallisation of Na2SO4.
Subsequently, NaCl is the major salt and is always in the solution. Reducing this salt is necessary to avoid associated damage like the formation of microorganisms. Thehygroscopic nature of NaCl retards the drying of materials, hence keeping the walls moist all the time, creating a conducive environment for biocolonisation. Routine desalination is necessary to keep the wall dry. In future, Na2SO4 and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) will be a problem. Therefore, the RH within a building located in a tropical marine environment should be protected from frequent RH variations to prevent the damage associated with sulphate salts, that is only if the current trend of air pollution (i.e. an increase of 6% (WHO, 2014)) is mantained or increased.
Book Synopsis Eco-efficient Rendering Mortars by : Catarina Brazao Farinha
Download or read book Eco-efficient Rendering Mortars written by Catarina Brazao Farinha and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-04-15 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eco-Efficient Rendering Mortars: Use of Recycled Materials focuses on the use of waste materials into cement-based renders, discussing the origins, treatment processes and properties of relevant wastes. The book dispels mistrust through demonstrating the technical feasibility and environmental benefits of eco-efficient rendering mortars. It considers the characteristics of different waste products, such as aggregates, fillers, binders and additions. The functional requirements of renders are also discussed alongside their impact. Finally, the title considers the lifecycle and durability of modified mortars. This book offers robust support and clear guidance on the use of wastes as a substitute for natural aggregates and binders. Presents evidence supporting the use of wastes as a substitute for natural aggregates and binders Characterizes wastes and considers how to best incorporate different kinds of waste into renders Gives details on the technical efficiency and environmental impact of different waste materials on mortars Analyzes the impact of wastes on render performance in terms of fresh state, mechanical, water and durability Considers the lifecycle assessment and durability of modified mortars
Book Synopsis Polymer Impregnated Hardened Cement Pastes and Mortars by : James R. Clifton
Download or read book Polymer Impregnated Hardened Cement Pastes and Mortars written by James R. Clifton and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Report 28: Characterisation of Old Mortars with Respect to their Repair - State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 167-COM by : C. Groot
Download or read book Report 28: Characterisation of Old Mortars with Respect to their Repair - State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 167-COM written by C. Groot and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tests of the Absorptive and Permeable Properties of Portland Cement, Mortars and Concretes, Together with Test of Dampproofing and Waterproofing Compounds and Materials by : Rudolph James Wig
Download or read book Tests of the Absorptive and Permeable Properties of Portland Cement, Mortars and Concretes, Together with Test of Dampproofing and Waterproofing Compounds and Materials written by Rudolph James Wig and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Practical Treatise on Limes, Hydraulic Cements, and Mortars by : Quincy Adams Gillmore
Download or read book Practical Treatise on Limes, Hydraulic Cements, and Mortars written by Quincy Adams Gillmore and published by . This book was released on 1863 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conservation and Restoration of Historic Mortars and Masonry Structures by : Violeta Bokan Bosiljkov
Download or read book Conservation and Restoration of Historic Mortars and Masonry Structures written by Violeta Bokan Bosiljkov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-07 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of historic mortars and masonry structures conservation and restoration, as presented by international researchers and professionals at the 6th Historic Mortars Conference (HMC), held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, on September 21–23, 2022. It covers topics such as characterization of historic mortars and masonry structures—sampling and test methods; historic production, processing and application of mortars, renders and grouts; assessment of historic renders and plasters; conservation and preventing conservation case studies; repair mortars and grouts—requirements and design, compatibility issues, durability and effectiveness and adequacy of testing procedures. Special attention is given to historic mortars where one of the binders or the only binder is Portland cement and to the structures in which these materials are used. The contributions, which were selected through a rigorous international peer-review process, share new knowledge and exciting ideas that will help protect heritage buildings more efficiently and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations in this area. Chapter Performance Evaluation of Patch Repairs on Historic Concrete Structures (PEPS): An Overview of the Assessment Methodology is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes by : F. Pacheco-Torgal
Download or read book Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an updated state-of-the-art review on new developments in alkali-activation. The main binder of concrete, Portland cement, represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of concrete which are about 6 to 7% of the Planet's total CO2 emissions. This is particularly serious in the current context of climate change and it could get even worse because the demand for Portland cement is expected to increase by almost 200% by 2050 from 2010 levels, reaching 6000 million tons/year. Alkali-activated binders represent an alternative to Portland cement having higher durability and a lower CO2 footprint. - Reviews the chemistry, mix design, manufacture and properties of alkali-activated cement-based concrete binders - Considers performance in adverse environmental conditions. - Offers equal emphasis on the science behind the technology and its use in civil engineering.
