Historic Mortars

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319916068
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Historic Mortars by : John J. Hughes

Download or read book Historic Mortars written by John J. Hughes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state of the art in mortar characterisation, experimentation with and applications of new mortars for conservation and repair of historic buildings. This volume includes the following topics: characterisation of historic mortars (methods, interpretation, application of results), development of new materials for conservation (compatibility, durability, mix designs), the history of mortar technology and fundamental experimental studies of material properties. The papers have been selected from those presented at the 3rd Historic Mortars Conference, held in Glasgow, Scotland, September 11-14th 2013. All the papers here underwent a two stage peer review process, for the conference and again for this volume. In some cases this has resulted in a revision and updating of content.

Historic Mortars

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400746350
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Historic Mortars by : Jan Válek

Download or read book Historic Mortars written by Jan Válek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-23 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on research and practical issues connected with mortars on historic structures. The book is divided into four sections: Characterisation of Historic Mortars, Repair Mortars and Design Issues, Experimental Research into Properties of Repair Mortars, and Assessment and Testing. The papers present the latest work of researchers in their field. The individual contributions were selected from the contributions to the 2nd Historic Mortars Conference, which took place in Prague, September, 22-24, 2010. All papers were reviewed and improved as necessary before publication. This peer review process by the editors resulted in the 34 individual contributions included in here. One extra paper reviewing and summarising State-of-the-Art knowledge covered by this publication was added as a starting and navigational point for the reader. The editors believe that having these papers in print is important and they hope that it will stimulate further research into historic mortars and related subjects.

Conservation and Restoration of Historic Mortars and Masonry Structures

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031314727
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservation and Restoration of Historic Mortars and Masonry Structures by : Violeta Bokan Bosiljkov

Download or read book Conservation and Restoration of Historic Mortars and Masonry Structures written by Violeta Bokan Bosiljkov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-07 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of historic mortars and masonry structures conservation and restoration, as presented by international researchers and professionals at the 6th Historic Mortars Conference (HMC), held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, on September 21–23, 2022. It covers topics such as characterization of historic mortars and masonry structures—sampling and test methods; historic production, processing and application of mortars, renders and grouts; assessment of historic renders and plasters; conservation and preventing conservation case studies; repair mortars and grouts—requirements and design, compatibility issues, durability and effectiveness and adequacy of testing procedures. Special attention is given to historic mortars where one of the binders or the only binder is Portland cement and to the structures in which these materials are used. The contributions, which were selected through a rigorous international peer-review process, share new knowledge and exciting ideas that will help protect heritage buildings more efficiently and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations in this area. Chapter Performance Evaluation of Patch Repairs on Historic Concrete Structures (PEPS): An Overview of the Assessment Methodology is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

PRO 12: International RILEM Workshop on Historic Mortars: Characteristics and Tests

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Publisher : RILEM Publications
ISBN 13 : 9782912143150
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis PRO 12: International RILEM Workshop on Historic Mortars: Characteristics and Tests by : Peter Bartos

Download or read book PRO 12: International RILEM Workshop on Historic Mortars: Characteristics and Tests written by Peter Bartos and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Salt Deterioration of Historic Mortars in Tropical Climate: Analysis and Characterisation

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Publisher : kassel university press GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3737600740
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis Salt Deterioration of Historic Mortars in Tropical Climate: Analysis and Characterisation by : Isabela Wilfred Mtani

Download or read book Salt Deterioration of Historic Mortars in Tropical Climate: Analysis and Characterisation written by Isabela Wilfred Mtani and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contribution of this study to the general body of knowledge is in providing an understanding of the thermodynamic behaviour of soluble salt mixtures in historic buildings located in the tropical marine zone of Tanzania. This tropical zone is found in the eastern part of the country along the Indian Ocean coast. This research is geared towards informing the general public, most of whom believe that salt crystallisation is the main cause of historic buildings deteriorating. This belief emanates from the understanding that historic buildings in a marine environment are highly susceptible to salt crystallisation, more so because they tend to receive daily oceanic spray which contains salt. The problem is aggravated by the encroachment of the ocean on these buildings. Salt crystallisation on these structures is further complicated by air pollution owing to rapid urbanisation in these areas. It is worth noting that salt crystallisation is an extremely complex process and its effect depend on many variables including climate. Ten historic buildings involved in this study are located in three different areas of the country. Eight historic buildings are located in the tropical climate 1 - 200 m from the Indian Ocean, and two historic buildings are located in inland Tanzania 190 km and 589 km from the ocean. These two historic buildings experience a modified tropical climate and semi-arid climate. The criteria for selecting the buildings considered variations and the extent of salt deterioration in different parts of the country.

The main goal of the study was to embark on a detailed analysis of the salt deterioration on Tanzanian historic buildings which has not hitherto been fully investigated and to provide a sustainable solution to the problem through climate control. This solution is needed, since there is no approved conservation programme and as a result of existing government budgetary constraints, very little conservation research has been done on any site or monuments except those registered under UNESCO. The research results of this project contributes to solving the existing monument research gap, thereby stimulating the initiation of a sustainable restoration programme, together with the provision of the much needed government research tools. This research provides information on the type of construction and building materials used during the construction of these buildings. Such information is vital in salt analysis and in futurerestoration, conservation and consolidation of these buildings, which provides a substantial income to the country through the tourist industry. There are also other factors like the preservation of the history and culture of the country and job creation.

The abundance of chloride (Cl-) ions of magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), and potasium (K+) in these buildings as identified by this study explains the survival of the historic buildings in the tropical marine areas of Tanzania. These ions can lead to the formation of halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl), bischofite (MgCl2•6H2O), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and antarcticite (CaCl2•6H2O), depending on their presence and quantity in the walls of historic buildings. The results of ECOS/RUNSALT program indicate that salt is not the major problem because the major ions hitherto detected form salts like halite and sylvite, are mostly in liquid form. Under a high evaporation rate these salts easily migrate to the surface of the building’s walls whereby a supersaturated solution is formed leading to surface crystallisation. The surface crystallisation is evident in salt profile analysis by photospectrometry, whereby the quantity of soluble salt ions decreases with depth. The detachment of protective rendering, the peeling off of paint and efflorescence in the investigated historic buildings in tropical marine areas of Tanzania is evidence of surface crystallisation. Mirabilite (Na2SO4•10H2O), gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) and epsomite (MgSO4•7H2O) can crystallize in tropical areas. The SO42- and NO3- ions detected in these buildings are so scanty as not to cause ionic interactions needed for the formation of destructive sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) except in the Cooperation Building where SO42- is as high as 1.8 % w/w. However, this is not a trivial problem and should not be ignored, especially because of the destructive nature of Na2SO4 and the increase in air pollution.

Laboratory simulation of the three environmental conditions using two salts, Na2SO4 and NaCl, provided similar results on the exposure of lime mortar samples in 50% Relative Humidity (RH) and 20oC; 75% RH and 28oC and 85% RH and 28oC. Samples exposed to 85% RH and 28oC in a controlled environment showed enormous deterioration due to crystallisation of Na2SO4.

Subsequently, NaCl is the major salt and is always in the solution. Reducing this salt is necessary to avoid associated damage like the formation of microorganisms. Thehygroscopic nature of NaCl retards the drying of materials, hence keeping the walls moist all the time, creating a conducive environment for biocolonisation. Routine desalination is necessary to keep the wall dry. In future, Na2SO4 and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) will be a problem. Therefore, the RH within a building located in a tropical marine environment should be protected from frequent RH variations to prevent the damage associated with sulphate salts, that is only if the current trend of air pollution (i.e. an increase of 6% (WHO, 2014)) is mantained or increased.

Report 28: Characterisation of Old Mortars with Respect to their Repair - State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 167-COM

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Publisher : RILEM Publications
ISBN 13 : 291214356X
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Report 28: Characterisation of Old Mortars with Respect to their Repair - State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 167-COM by : C. Groot

Download or read book Report 28: Characterisation of Old Mortars with Respect to their Repair - State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 167-COM written by C. Groot and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hot Mixed Lime and Traditional Mortars

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Publisher : The Crowood Press
ISBN 13 : 1785005561
Total Pages : 531 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Hot Mixed Lime and Traditional Mortars by : Nigel Copsey

Download or read book Hot Mixed Lime and Traditional Mortars written by Nigel Copsey and published by The Crowood Press. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional mortars are eminently workable, effectively porous, economic in use and appropriately durable. Used in buildings for thousands of years, these materials are ideal for repair and conservation work. Unlike cement or modern hydraulic lime, their routine use would make a significant contribution in the struggle against climate change. However, despite the 1975 'lime revival' there remains a deficit in research into the most-used traditional mortars. This book seeks to redress the balance. Drawing upon historic literature, material science and industry case studies, topics covered include: a historical overview of traditional mortars; slaking and mixing hot mixed lime mortars; the essentials of pozzolans, aggregates and lime tempering; plasters, lime washes and sheltercoats, and finally, the revival of interest in the use of like-for-like and compatible mortars. A comprehensive book on the true understanding of hot mixing limes and traditional mortars for the twenty-first century. It is fully illustrated with 286 colour photographs and 11 line artworks. Nigel Copsey is an accredited conservator-restorer and works as a Research Associate in the Dept of Archaeology, University of York.

Practical Building Conservation

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Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 9780754645597
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (455 download)

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Book Synopsis Practical Building Conservation by : Alison Henry

Download or read book Practical Building Conservation written by Alison Henry and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2012 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortars, Renders and Plasters provides a broad perspective of contemporaryconservation theory and practice not otherwise found in one publication, describing the history,physical properties, and deterioration of these important materials. Methods of assessing condition and evaluating options for treatment and repair are discussed, together with a range of practical conservation techniques and maintenance strategies.

Materials, Technologies and Practice in Historic Heritage Structures

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048126843
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials, Technologies and Practice in Historic Heritage Structures by : Maria Bostenaru-Dan

Download or read book Materials, Technologies and Practice in Historic Heritage Structures written by Maria Bostenaru-Dan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One distinct feature of human society since the dawn of civilization is the systematic use of inorganic building materials, such as natural stone, unburnt and burnt soil, adobe and brick, inorganic binders like lime and cement, and reinforced concrete. Our heritage has cultural, architectural and technological value and preserving such structures is a key issue today. Planners and conservation scientists need detailed site surveys and analyses to create a database that will serve to guide subsequent actions. One factor in this knowledge base is an understanding of how historic materials were prepared and the crucial properties that influence their long-term behaviour. Any assessment of the way such materials perform must crucially be based on an understanding of the methods used for their analysis. The editors here add to the knowledge base treating the materials used in historic structures, their properties, technology of use and conservation, and their performance in a changing environment. The book draws together 18 chapters dealing with the inorganic materials used in historic structures, such as adobe, brick, stone, mortars, concrete and plasters. The approach is complex, covering material characterisation as well as several case studies of historic structures from Europe, including Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovenia and Spain, and the My Sõn Temples in Vietnam. An equally important component of the book covers the analysis of materials, together with a treatment of sustainable development, such as the protection of monuments from earthquakes and climate change. The authors are all leading international experts, drawn from a variety of backgrounds: architecture, civil engineering, conservation science, geology and material science, with close links to professional organisations such as ICOMOS or universities and research centres throughout Europe. Audience: This book will be of interest to geologists, engineers, restorers, consulting engineers, designers and other professionals dealing with cultural heritage and sustainable development. Also graduate students in applied geo-science (mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology), architecture and civil engineering will find interesting information in this book.

Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings by : Robert C. Mack

Download or read book Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings written by Robert C. Mack and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Heritage Masonry

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Publisher : WIT Press
ISBN 13 : 1845648390
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Heritage Masonry by : S. Syngellakis

Download or read book Heritage Masonry written by S. Syngellakis and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masonry is a traditional, highly durable mode of construction; many heritage masonry structures, built at various historical periods, have survived, to a lesser or greater extent, adverse environmental conditions, which have reduced, sometimes considerably, their integrity, strength and durability. Due to the cultural significance of heritage architecture, resources are today allocated towards their restoration and conservation. This volume comprises distinguished contributions from the Transactions of the Wessex Institute describing research efforts towards achieving these objectives. Topics covered include: Understanding of constituent materials, modes of construction and overall mechanical behaviour; Dynamic behaviour; Sonic pulse velocity tests; Micro-vibration measurements; Failure mechanisms; Structural strength assessment; Binding material mixtures; Composition and properties of ancient mortars; Contemporary repair material; Infra-red thermography measurements; Mortars, plasters, renders and grouts. The various issues mentioned above are addressed by the present collection of scientific papers with considerable insight and thoroughness. It is thus hoped that this volume will fill a gap in the literature as a valuable source of information and guidance to researchers and engineers working in the area of restoration and conservation of heritage masonry structures.

Conservation of Building and Decorative Stone

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136415432
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservation of Building and Decorative Stone by : F G Dimes

Download or read book Conservation of Building and Decorative Stone written by F G Dimes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-11-02 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the problems which beset the practical conservation of stone buildings is the fragmentation of the disciplines involved. This book, with both volumes now available as one invaluable paperback, brings these disciplines together by the involvement of contributors with different experiences and approaches to the same material. Part one is an introduction to the complexities and background history of stone conservation followed by the most comprehensive description yet produced of the building and decorative stones used in the British Isles. In part two, practitioners involved in stone conservation describe ways in which major structural masonry problems, secondary building problems and different stone surface conditions may be treated. A variety of building types and environments has been used to ensure that the broad scope of common problems is covered. This second part of the book will be of practical value to art historians, archaeologists, architects, surveyors and engineers, masonry contractors and sculpture conservators in solving problems and in learning to use each other's skills and experience.

Mortars in World War II

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Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1473879205
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Mortars in World War II by : John Norris

Download or read book Mortars in World War II written by John Norris and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2016-03-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortars were used throughout the Second World War by all armies and in all theatres. Although a very simple weapon they could greatly enhance the firepower of infantry formations, giving them their own mobile artillery arm. They repeatedly proved their worth in both offensive and defensive situations, breaking up or supporting infantry attacks and laying smoke or illumination rounds. Despite their ubiquity and effectiveness, there have been relatively few works devoted to these important and versatile weapons. John Norris give a brief history of the origins of the weapon and its use in the Great War before moving on to look in detail at the many types developed and used in the Second World War. The design and development of various types and their various munitions (HE, smoke and illumination) are discussed, including those incorporated into fixed defensive systems such as the Atlantic Wall, specialist variants developed for airborne units and those mounted on vehicles to provide mobile fire support. The tactics developed for their use and the structure of the support companies formed to utilize them are also examined in detail. And of course their combat history in the many theatres is outlined, using examples drawing on first-hand accounts of those that used them. This book is sure to be of great value to enthusiasts who collect mortars and their ammunition, re-enactors, modellers and wargamers as well as those readers interested in the history of weapons generally or those of World War II in particular.

Conservation of Historic Brick Structures

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317741765
Total Pages : 691 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservation of Historic Brick Structures by : Norbert Baer

Download or read book Conservation of Historic Brick Structures written by Norbert Baer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the widespread use of brick construction throughout the world, there has been no major investigation into its deterioration and durability. This book provides the results of a major international study led by West Germany which examines the causes of decay in addition to the treatment and methods of conserving brickwork and historic mortars. The deterioration mechanisms discussed cover bio deterioration, salt damage and the effects of air pollutants and moisture on masonry. Considerable attention is also devoted to historic mortars and renders, their analysis, behaviour under the stress of air pollution and the development of compatible modern formulations. Conservation methods for brick masonry, including de-salination, protective coatings and injection grouting are examined in detail. A useful and extensive range of case study material is also provided. This volume represents the most comprehensive, state of the art overview of the conservation of historic brick masonry, and will be an invaluable source of reference for all conservation practitioners and researchers working in this field.

Mortars in Historic Buildings

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781903570821
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Mortars in Historic Buildings by : John J. Hughes

Download or read book Mortars in Historic Buildings written by John J. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118941071
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology by : Cristiano Nicosia

Download or read book Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology written by Cristiano Nicosia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology goes beyond a mere review of current literature and features the most up to date contributions from numerous scientists working in the field. The book represents a groundbreaking and comprehensive resource covering the plethora of applications of micromorphology in archaeology. Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology offers researchers, students and professionals a systematic tool for the interpretation of thin sections of archaeological contexts. This important resource is also designed to help stimulate the use of micromorphology in archaeology outside Europe, where the technique is less frequently employed. Moreover, the authors hope to strengthen the proper application of soil micromorphology in archaeology, by illustrating its possibilities and referring in several cases to more specialized publications (for instance in the field of plant remains, pottery and phytoliths). Written for anyone interested in the topic, this important text offers: Contributions from most of the world's leading authorities on soil micromorphology A series of chapters on the major topics selected among the most recurrent in literature about archaeological soil micromorphology Systematic descriptions of all important micromorphological features Special analytical tools employed on thin sections, such as SEM/EDS, image analysis, fluorescence microscopy, mass spectrometry, among others Numerous cross-references 400 illustrated full-colour plates The resource provides the most current and essential information for archaeologists, geoarchaeologists, soil scientists and sedimentologists. Comprehensive in scope, Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology offers professionals and students a much-needed tool for the interpretation of thin sections of archaeological contexts.

Practical Building Conservation, Stone Masonry

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Practical Building Conservation, Stone Masonry by : John Ashurst

Download or read book Practical Building Conservation, Stone Masonry written by John Ashurst and published by . This book was released on 1988-08-10 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: