Morality and Mathematics

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192556800
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Morality and Mathematics by : Justin Clarke-Doane

Download or read book Morality and Mathematics written by Justin Clarke-Doane and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To what extent are the subjects of our thoughts and talk real? This is the question of realism. In this book, Justin Clarke-Doane explores arguments for and against moral realism and mathematical realism, how they interact, and what they can tell us about areas of philosophical interest more generally. He argues that, contrary to widespread belief, our mathematical beliefs have no better claim to being self-evident or provable than our moral beliefs. Nor do our mathematical beliefs have better claim to being empirically justified than our moral beliefs. It is also incorrect that reflection on the genealogy of our moral beliefs establishes a lack of parity between the cases. In general, if one is a moral antirealist on the basis of epistemological considerations, then one ought to be a mathematical antirealist as well. And, yet, Clarke-Doane shows that moral realism and mathematical realism do not stand or fall together — and for a surprising reason. Moral questions, insofar as they are practical, are objective in a sense that mathematical questions are not, and the sense in which they are objective can only be explained by assuming practical anti-realism. One upshot of the discussion is that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension. Another is that the objective questions in the neighborhood of factual areas like logic, modality, grounding, and nature are practical questions too. Practical philosophy should, therefore, take center stage.

Morality and Mathematics

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198823665
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Morality and Mathematics by : Justin Clarke-Doane

Download or read book Morality and Mathematics written by Justin Clarke-Doane and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To what extent are the subjects of our thoughts and talk real? This is the question of realism. In this book, Justin Clarke-Doane explores arguments for and against moral realism and mathematical realism, how they interact, and what they can tell us about areas of philosophical interest more generally. He argues that, contrary to widespread belief, our mathematical beliefs have no better claim to being self-evident or provable than our moral beliefs. Nor do our mathematical beliefs have better claim to being empirically justified than our moral beliefs. It is also incorrect that reflection on the "genealogy" of our moral beliefs establishes a lack of parity between the cases. In general, if one is a moral antirealist on the basis of epistemological considerations, then one ought to be a mathematical antirealist as well. And, yet, Clarke-Doane shows that moral realism and mathematical realism do not stand or fall together -- and for a surprising reason. Moral questions, insofar as they are practical, are objective in a sense that mathematical questions are not, and the sense in which they are objective can only be explained by assuming practical anti-realism. One upshot of the discussion is that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension. Another is that the objective questions in the neighborhood of factual areas like logic, modality, grounding, and nature are practical questions too. Practical philosophy should, therefore, take center stage.

Morality and Mathematics

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780198898863
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Morality and Mathematics by : Justin Clarke-Doane

Download or read book Morality and Mathematics written by Justin Clarke-Doane and published by . This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To what extent are the subjects of our thoughts and talk real? This is the question of realism. In this book, Justin Clarke-Doane explores arguments for and against moral realism and mathematical realism, how they interact, and what they can tell us about areas of philosophical interest more generally. He argues that, contrary to widespread belief, our mathematical beliefs have no better claim to being self-evident or provable than our moral beliefs. Nor do ourmathematical beliefs have better claim to being empirically justified than our moral beliefs. It is also incorrect that reflection on the "genealogy" of our moral beliefs establishes a lack of parity between the cases. In general, if one is a moral antirealist on the basis of epistemologicalconsiderations, then one ought to be a mathematical antirealist as well. And, yet, Clarke-Doane shows that moral realism and mathematical realism do not stand or fall together -- and for a surprising reason. Moral questions, insofar as they are practical, are objective in a sense that mathematical questions are not. Moreover, the sense in which they are objective can be explained only by assuming practical anti-realism. One upshot of the discussion is that the concepts of realism andobjectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension. Another is that the objective questions in the neighborhood of questions of logic, modality, grounding, and nature are practical questions too. Practical philosophy should, therefore, take center stage.

Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198778597
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics by : Uri D. Leibowitz

Download or read book Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics written by Uri D. Leibowitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How far should our realism extend, and how should we understand the entities referred to by mathematical and ethical talk? This volume explores how argumentative strategies in the philosophy of mathematics might apply to ethics, and vice versa. A team of experts breaks new ground in both areas and illuminates new questions, arguments, and problems.

How Much Inequality Is Fair?

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Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231543220
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis How Much Inequality Is Fair? by : Venkat Venkatasubramanian

Download or read book How Much Inequality Is Fair? written by Venkat Venkatasubramanian and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-08 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many in the United States feel that the nation’s current level of economic inequality is unfair and that capitalism is not working for 90% of the population. Yet some inequality is inevitable. The question is: What level of inequality is fair? Mainstream economics has offered little guidance on fairness and the ideal distribution of income. Political philosophy, meanwhile, has much to say about fairness yet relies on qualitative theories that cannot be verified by empirical data. To address inequality, we need to know what the goal is—and for this, we need a quantitative, testable theory of fairness for free-market capitalism. How Much Inequality Is Fair? synthesizes concepts from economics, political philosophy, game theory, information theory, statistical mechanics, and systems engineering into a mathematical framework for a fair free-market society. The key to this framework is the insight that maximizing fairness means maximizing entropy, which makes it possible to determine the fairest possible level of pay inequality. The framework therefore provides a moral justification for capitalism in mathematical terms. Venkat Venkatasubramanian also compares his theory’s predictions to actual inequality data from various countries—showing, for instance, that Scandinavia has near-ideal fairness, while the United States is markedly unfair—and discusses the theory’s implications for tax policy, social programs, and executive compensation.

Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191084263
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics by : Uri D. Leibowitz

Download or read book Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics written by Uri D. Leibowitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How far should our realism extend? For many years philosophers of mathematics and philosophers of ethics have worked independently to address the question of how best to understand the entities apparently referred to by mathematical and ethical talk. But the similarities between their endeavours are not often emphasised. This book provides that emphasis. In particular, it focuses on two types of argumentative strategies that have been deployed in both areas. The first—debunking arguments—aims to put pressure on realism by emphasising the seeming redundancy of mathematical or moral entities when it comes to explaining our judgements. In the moral realm this challenge has been made by Gilbert Harman and Sharon Street; in the mathematical realm it is known as the 'Benacerraf-Field' problem. The second strategy—indispensability arguments—aims to provide support for realism by emphasising the seeming intellectual indispensability of mathematical or moral entities, for example when constructing good explanatory theories. This strategy is associated with Quine and Putnam in mathematics and with Nicholas Sturgeon and David Enoch in ethics. Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics addresses these issues through an explicitly comparative methodology which we call the 'companions in illumination' approach. By considering how argumentative strategies in the philosophy of mathematics might apply to the philosophy of ethics, and vice versa, the papers collected here break new ground in both areas. For good measure, two further companions for illumination are also broached: the philosophy of chance and the philosophy of religion. Collectively, these comparisons light up new questions, arguments, and problems of interest to scholars interested in realism in any area.

Moral Calculations

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461216540
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Calculations by : Laszlo Mero

Download or read book Moral Calculations written by Laszlo Mero and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does game theory tell us about rational behavior? Is there such a thing as rational behavior, and if so, is it of any use to us? In this fascinating book, renowned Hungarian economist Laszlo Mero shows how game theory provides insight into such aspects of human psychology as altruism, competition, and politics, as well as its relevance to disparate fields such as physics and evolutionary biology. This ideal guide shows us how mathematics can illuminate the human condition.

Mathematics for Human Flourishing

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Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300237138
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics for Human Flourishing by : Francis Su

Download or read book Mathematics for Human Flourishing written by Francis Su and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ancient Greeks argued that the best life was filled with beauty, truth, justice, play and love. The mathematician Francis Su knows just where to find them."--Kevin Hartnett, Quanta Magazine" This is perhaps the most important mathematics book of our time. Francis Su shows mathematics is an experience of the mind and, most important, of the heart."--James Tanton, Global Math Project For mathematician Francis Su, a society without mathematical affection is like a city without concerts, parks, or museums. To miss out on mathematics is to live without experiencing some of humanity's most beautiful ideas. In this profound book, written for a wide audience but especially for those disenchanted by their past experiences, an award-winning mathematician and educator weaves parables, puzzles, and personal reflections to show how mathematics meets basic human desires--such as for play, beauty, freedom, justice, and love--and cultivates virtues essential for human flourishing. These desires and virtues, and the stories told here, reveal how mathematics is intimately tied to being human. Some lessons emerge from those who have struggled, including philosopher Simone Weil, whose own mathematical contributions were overshadowed by her brother's, and Christopher Jackson, who discovered mathematics as an inmate in a federal prison. Christopher's letters to the author appear throughout the book and show how this intellectual pursuit can--and must--be open to all.

More Precisely: The Math You Need to Do Philosophy - Second Edition

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Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 155481345X
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (548 download)

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Book Synopsis More Precisely: The Math You Need to Do Philosophy - Second Edition by : Eric Steinhart

Download or read book More Precisely: The Math You Need to Do Philosophy - Second Edition written by Eric Steinhart and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More Precisely is a rigorous and engaging introduction to the mathematics necessary to do philosophy. Eric Steinhart provides lucid explanations of many basic mathematical concepts and sets out the most commonly used notational conventions. He also demonstrates how mathematics applies to fundamental issues in various branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, philosophy of language, epistemology, and ethics. This second edition adds a substantial section on decision and game theory, as well as a chapter on information theory and the efficient coding of information.

Moral Realism

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Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199259755
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Realism by : Russ Shafer-Landau

Download or read book Moral Realism written by Russ Shafer-Landau and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2003-06-19 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral Realism is a systematic defence of the idea that there are objective moral standards. In the tradition of Plato and G. E. Moore, Russ Shafer-Landau argues that there are moral principles that are true independently of what anyone, anywhere, happens to think of them. These principles are a fundamental aspect of reality, just as much as those that govern mathematics or the natural world. They may be true regardless of our ability to grasp them, and their truth is not a matter of their being ratified from any ideal standpoint, nor of being the object of actual or hypothetical consensus, nor of being an expression of our rational nature. Shafer-Landau accepts Plato's and Moore's contention that moral truths are sui generis. He rejects the currently popular efforts to conceive of ethics as a kind of science, and insists that moral truths and properties occupy a distinctive area in our ontology. Unlike scientific truths, the fundamental moral principles are knowable a priori. And unlike mathematical truths, they are essentially normative: intrinsically action-guiding, and supplying a justification for all who follow their counsel. Moral Realism is the first comprehensive treatise defending non-naturalistic moral realism in over a generation. It ranges over all of the central issues in contemporary metaethics, and will be an important source of discussion for philosophers and their students interested in issues concerning the foundations of ethics.

Circles Disturbed

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400842689
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Circles Disturbed by : Apostolos Doxiadis

Download or read book Circles Disturbed written by Apostolos Doxiadis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-18 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why narrative is essential to mathematics Circles Disturbed brings together important thinkers in mathematics, history, and philosophy to explore the relationship between mathematics and narrative. The book's title recalls the last words of the great Greek mathematician Archimedes before he was slain by a Roman soldier—"Don't disturb my circles"—words that seem to refer to two radically different concerns: that of the practical person living in the concrete world of reality, and that of the theoretician lost in a world of abstraction. Stories and theorems are, in a sense, the natural languages of these two worlds—stories representing the way we act and interact, and theorems giving us pure thought, distilled from the hustle and bustle of reality. Yet, though the voices of stories and theorems seem totally different, they share profound connections and similarities. A book unlike any other, Circles Disturbed delves into topics such as the way in which historical and biographical narratives shape our understanding of mathematics and mathematicians, the development of "myths of origins" in mathematics, the structure and importance of mathematical dreams, the role of storytelling in the formation of mathematical intuitions, the ways mathematics helps us organize the way we think about narrative structure, and much more. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Amir Alexander, David Corfield, Peter Galison, Timothy Gowers, Michael Harris, David Herman, Federica La Nave, G.E.R. Lloyd, Uri Margolin, Colin McLarty, Jan Christoph Meister, Arkady Plotnitsky, and Bernard Teissier.

Moral Disagreement

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521853385
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (533 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Disagreement by : Folke Tersman

Download or read book Moral Disagreement written by Folke Tersman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-13 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Folke Tersman explores the nature of moral thinking by examining moral disagreement.

Fictionalism in Philosophy

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190689609
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Fictionalism in Philosophy by : Bradley Armour-Garb

Download or read book Fictionalism in Philosophy written by Bradley Armour-Garb and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Within contemporary, analytic philosophy, "Fictionalism"-broadly understood as a view that uses a notion of fiction in order to resolve certain philosophical problems that do not necessarily have anything to do with fiction-has been on the scene for some time. There is a well-known collection, Fictionalism in Metaphysics (OUP, 2005), which provided a good indication of the scope of the view (and its problems) as things stood in the early 2000's. But more than a decade has passed since the appearance of that volume, and much has happened in philosophy, including in the area of fictionalism. In addition to the fact that fictionalism in philosophy appears to be more popular than ever, there are now competing views about how to tackle some of the issues that fictionalists aim to address. Moreover, fictionalism has branched out into many more areas, and there is a continuing debate about what fictionalism in philosophy actually amounts to, and about how precisely it ought to be pursued. There is thus a pressing need for a volume such as Fictionalism in Philosophy. After a detailed discussion in the book's introductory chapter of how, in the light of these ongoing debates, philosophers should think of fictionalism and its connection to metaontology more generally, the remaining chapters provide readers with some of the most current and up-to-date work on fictionalism, both for and against. As such, the volume will be of interest to professional philosophers, as well as to graduate students in philosophy and to advanced undergraduates"--

Weapons of Math Destruction

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Publisher : Crown Publishing Group (NY)
ISBN 13 : 0553418815
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (534 download)

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Book Synopsis Weapons of Math Destruction by : Cathy O'Neil

Download or read book Weapons of Math Destruction written by Cathy O'Neil and published by Crown Publishing Group (NY). This book was released on 2016 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A former Wall Street quantitative analyst sounds an alarm on mathematical modeling, a pervasive new force in society that threatens to undermine democracy and widen inequality,"--NoveList.

The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory

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Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195147790
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory by : Professor of Philosophy David Copp

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory written by Professor of Philosophy David Copp and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook is a comprehensive reference work in ethical theory consisting of commissioned articles by leading scholars. The first part treats meta-ethics and the second part normative ethical theory. As with all the Oxford Handbooks, the collection is designed to achieve three goals: exposition of central ideas, criticism of other approaches, and defenses of distinct points of view.

The Morality of Urban Mobility

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1786608219
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis The Morality of Urban Mobility by : Shane Epting

Download or read book The Morality of Urban Mobility written by Shane Epting and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities’ transportation systems affect people, ecosystems, and future generations, and they increase tensions between historical preservation, social justice concerns, and future needs. In turn, all of these factors deserve consideration, but not equally. A just and moral way forward must prioritize values in how we give preference in planning decisions. Shane Epting illustrates that the problem of “moral prioritization” rests at the heart of these problems. To overcome such challenges, he develops a multitiered assessment system that shows how to evaluate complicated affairs in urban mobility. This book brings philosophical underpinnings of public works into full view, showing how the love of wisdom benefits the ongoing and future transportation issues of our increasingly urbanized world.

Mathematics in Western Culture

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195345452
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics in Western Culture by : Morris Kline

Download or read book Mathematics in Western Culture written by Morris Kline and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1964-12-31 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a remarkably fine account of the influences mathematics has exerted on the development of philosophy, the physical sciences, religion, and the arts in Western life.