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Author : Giedrius T. Buračas
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9781586031817
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Modulation of Neuronal Responses written by Giedrius T. Buračas and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kristy Ann Sundberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (229 download)
Download or read book Contextual and Attentional Modulation of Neuronal Responses in Macaque Area written by Kristy Ann Sundberg and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the fundamental goals of neuroscience is to understand how sensory information is processed by the brain to give rise to our conscious experience of the world. One of the most striking features of our perception is that our brain does not process all incoming sensory information. Instead we only process in fine detail information that is currently at the focus of our attention and process at a much coarser scale the information outside of our attentional focus. We generally only become aware of the details of information outside this focus if a change in behavioral goals or a salient event initiates a shift in attention. We remain largely unaware of this two-tiered sensory processing when the brain is functioning normally. Failures of this attentional system, however, can be quite striking in disorders such as visual-spatial neglect and autism. The work contained within this dissertation is part of the large effort to understand sensory processing in the brain. In particular the work focuses on the way in which visual information is represented in extrastriate visual cortex and how the location of attentional focus can modulate this representation of visual information. The chapters of this dissertation represent three independent but related experimental studies addressing these questions through the use of electrophysiological recordings of area V4 in awake behaving animals. The first chapter focuses on characterizing the relationship between multiple measures of neural activity in area V4 to parametric variations of luminance contrast. The second chapter focuses on characterizing how attentional modulation of neuronal response in area V4 to a target item changes in the presence of a nearby distracter item. The final chapter focuses on the question of how the integration of motion and color information in area V4 may give rise to a visual illusion in which a color change embedded within a motion sequence is mislocalized by human observers. In all cases the goal of characterizing these visual responses was to provide insights into the neural mechanisms and circuitry underlying visual processing and sensory processing in general.
Author : Michael J. McCreery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (151 download)
Download or read book Modulation of neuronal responses to L-glutamate in Aplysia written by Michael J. McCreery and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Asli Ayaz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109317541
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)
Download or read book Gain Modulation in Visual Cortex by Noisy Synaptic Inputs written by Asli Ayaz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain modulation of neuronal responses is widely observed in the cerebral cortex of both anesthetized and behaving animals. This dissertation examines mechanisms that may underlie different forms of gain modulation observed in visual cortex. We examine mechanisms that arise at many levels, beginning at the single-cell level (modulating the effective reversal potential of synaptic inputs to a cell) and ending at the network level (nonlinear interactions arising through recurrent connectivity). In Chapter 2, we examine how the balance between excitation and inhibition in a neuron's input may affect how that neuron integrates its inputs. We have found that if excitatory and inhibitory inputs are balanced at a specific potential (we refer to this potential as the "balanced potential"), these do not alter the firing-rate responses, provided that they do not introduce additional noise. If these inputs do increase noise, their effect is close to input-gain modulation, an effect best described as scaling of the input. If the inputs are noisy but instead balanced at a more hyperpolarized potential, their effect is more like response-gain modulation, a divisive scaling of the neuron's firing rate. In Chapter 3, we compare the effects of noisy synaptic inputs in a configuration that divisively scales firing-rate curves with the effects of subtractive mechanisms of inhibition and explore their possible role in producing multiplicative gain modulation effects observed in vivo, such as surround suppression and attention. The divisive mechanism of inhibition is more successful in producing both response-gain and input-gain modulation effects although the effects of subtractive inhibition can appear nonlinear. Finally in Chapter 4, we examine how network effects can produce gain modulation phenomena. Specifically, we construct a recurrent network model of attention in visual cortex, and demonstrate how multiple forms of gain modulation can arise through nonlinear interactions that arise within a recurrent framework of connectivity. Gain modulation phenomena observed in vivo may arise from all or only a subset of the mechanisms examined in this study. As discussed in the final chapter, whole-cell recording techniques that measure in vivo conductance changes may allow distinguishing between these mechanisms.
Author : Peter Dayan
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262541858
Total Pages : 477 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)
Download or read book Theoretical Neuroscience written by Peter Dayan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005-08-12 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical neuroscience provides a quantitative basis for describing what nervous systems do, determining how they function, and uncovering the general principles by which they operate. This text introduces the basic mathematical and computational methods of theoretical neuroscience and presents applications in a variety of areas including vision, sensory-motor integration, development, learning, and memory. The book is divided into three parts. Part I discusses the relationship between sensory stimuli and neural responses, focusing on the representation of information by the spiking activity of neurons. Part II discusses the modeling of neurons and neural circuits on the basis of cellular and synaptic biophysics. Part III analyzes the role of plasticity in development and learning. An appendix covers the mathematical methods used, and exercises are available on the book's Web site.
Author : Thomas M. McKenna
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483296067
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Single Neuron Computation written by Thomas M. McKenna and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains twenty-two original contributions that provide a comprehensive overview of computational approaches to understanding a single neuron structure. The focus on cellular-level processes is twofold. From a computational neuroscience perspective, a thorough understanding of the information processing performed by single neurons leads to an understanding of circuit- and systems-level activity. From the standpoint of artificial neural networks (ANNs), a single real neuron is as complex an operational unit as an entire ANN, and formalizing the complex computations performed by real neurons is essential to the design of enhanced processor elements for use in the next generation of ANNs.The book covers computation in dendrites and spines, computational aspects of ion channels, synapses, patterned discharge and multistate neurons, and stochastic models of neuron dynamics. It is the most up-to-date presentation of biophysical and computational methods.
Author : T.L. Yaskh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146844994X
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Spinal Afferent Processing written by T.L. Yaskh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some 29 scientists from the fields of neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neu rophysiology, neuropharmacology, and behavior have contributed their ef forts to this testimonial on behalf of the contributions made by Dr. F. W. L. Kerr to science and to those with whom he interacted. The intention of the contributors to this volume was to deal with the manifold advances that pertain to the substrates in spinal cord relating to the processing of sensory infor mation, a subject that in one form or another provoked time and again Kerr's native enthusiasm for research. The organization of the book follows a natural course from the peripheral innervation of the somatic and visceral organs (Winkelmann, Chapter 2) to the effective stimuli that activate these fibers and give rise to sensation under normal and pathological conditions (Campbell and Meyer, Chapter 3; Dubner and colleagues, Chapter 13; Dyck, Chapter 14) to the course these afferent systems take to enter the spinal cord (Coggeshall, Chapter 4) and to the organization of the systems through which this afferent information reaches the brain (Willis, Chapter 11; Vierck and colleagues, Chapter 12).
Author : Greg Stuart
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198566565
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)
Download or read book Dendrites written by Greg Stuart and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendrites form the major receiving part of neurons. This text presents a survey of knowledge on dendrites, from their morphology and development, through to their electrical chemical, and computational properties.
Author : Giulio Bernardi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889635651
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Local Aspects of Sleep and Wakefulness written by Giulio Bernardi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Melanie A. Woodin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441969780
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity written by Melanie A. Woodin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-02 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will explore the most recent findings on cellular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity and its functional role in shaping neuronal circuits, their rewiring in response to experience, drug addiction and in neuropathology. Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity will be of particular interest to neuroscientists and neurophysiologists.
Author : Christopher Graham Parsons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Opioid Receptor Mediated Modulation of Spinal Neuronal Responses to Natural Peripheral Stimulation written by Christopher Graham Parsons and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mingzhou Ding
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0195393791
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)
Download or read book The Dynamic Brain written by Mingzhou Ding and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical, experimental and clinical perspectives. Readership: Graduate students, postdocs and research scientists in Neuroscience.
Author : K. Kuba
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431669736
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Slow Synaptic Responses and Modulation written by K. Kuba and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information flow as nerve impulses in neuronal circuits is regulated at synapses. The synapse is therefore a key element for information processing in the brain. Much attention has been given to fast synaptic transmission, which predominantly regulates impulse-to-impulse transmission. Slow synaptic transmission and modu lation, however, sometimes have been neglected in considering and attempting to understand brain function. Slow synaptic potentials and modulation occur with a considerable delay in response to the accumulation of synaptic and modulatory inputs. In these contexts, they are plastic in nature and play important roles in information processing in the brain. A symposium titled "Slow Synaptic Responses and Modulation" was held as the satellite symposium to the 75th Annual Meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan on March 30-31, 1998, in Kanazawa. The theme was selected not only for the reason mentioned above, but also because of the considerable involvement of many Japanese scholars in establishing the basic issues. Following the dawn of synaptic physiological research, as Sir John Eccles, Sir Bernard Katz, and Professor Stephen Kuffler carried out pioneer work, Professor Kyozou Koketsu and Professor Benjamin Libet, the students of Sir John Eccles, and their colleagues established the concept of slow synaptic responses and modulation by studying vertebrate sympathetic ganglia. Since then, the concept has been ex panded with detailed investigations of both peripheral and central synapses at the levels of single ion channels, intracellular Ca"+ dynamics, intracellular transduc tion mechanisms, and genes.
Author : Michael Goard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)
Download or read book State-dependent Cortical Processing written by Michael Goard and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nucleus basalis of the basal forebrain is an essential component of the neuromodulatory system controlling the behavioral state of an animal, and it is thought to play key roles in regulating arousal and attention. However, the effect of NB activation on sensory processing remains poorly understood. Using polytrode recording in rat visual cortex, we show that NB stimulation causes prominent decorrelation between neurons and marked improvement in the reliability of neuronal responses to natural scenes. The decorrelation depends on local activation of cortical muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, while the increased reliability involves distributed neural circuits, as evidenced by NB-induced changes in thalamic responses. Further analysis showed that the decorrelation and increased reliability improve cortical representation of natural stimuli in a complementary manner. Thus, the basal forebrain neuromodulatory circuit, which is known to be activated during aroused and attentive states, acts through both local and distributed mechanisms to improve sensory coding.
Author : Nina Kraus
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331947944X
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)
Download or read book The Frequency-Following Response written by Nina Kraus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will cover a variety of topics, including child language development; hearing loss; listening in noise; statistical learning; poverty; auditory processing disorder; cochlear neuropathy; attention; and aging. It will appeal broadly to auditory scientists—and in fact, any scientist interested in the biology of human communication and learning. The range of the book highlights the interdisciplinary series of questions that are pursued using the auditory frequency-following response and will accordingly attract a wide and diverse readership, while remaining a lasting resource for the field.
Author : G. V. Gersuni
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483258076
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Sensory Processes at the Neuronal and Behavioral Levels written by G. V. Gersuni and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory Processes at the Neuronal and Behavioral Levels is a collection of papers dealing with problems of functional organization of the visual and auditory systems. One paper points out that neurophysiological and psychophysiological research in vision can be combined. The paper compares the cat's contrast stimulation by Hermann's grid that elicits neuronal responses of cells with concentric and simple fields as being similar to the subjective vision in man. Another paper addresses the sources of information in the perception of visual spatial relations. For example, eye movements as the source of information about visual spatial relations are refuted. The visual system already estimates accurately the spatial properties of an object before the onset of eye movements. Another paper discusses certain concepts about the mechanisms of the auditory system. One paper presents the results of an experiment involving some adult cats. They were lightly anesthetized and their responses were recorded when the inferior colliculus, or the left and right auditory cortex were stimulated electrically. Another paper analyzes the mechanism used by insect in recognizing species-specific songs. This book is suitable for neurophysiologists, neurochemists, and researchers dealing with physiological acoustics and the psychophysics of the visual system.
Author : Luigi M. Ricciardi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364293059X
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (429 download)
Download or read book Diffusion Processes and Related Topics in Biology written by Luigi M. Ricciardi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These notes are based on a one-quarter course given at the Department of Biophysics and Theoretical Biology of the University of Chicago in 1916. The course was directed to graduate students in the Division of Biological Sciences with interests in population biology and neurobiology. Only a slight acquaintance with probability and differential equations is required of the reader. Exercises are interwoven with the text to encourage the reader to play a more active role and thus facilitate his digestion of the material. One aim of these notes is to provide a heuristic approach, using as little mathematics as possible, to certain aspects of the theory of stochastic processes that are being increasingly employed in some of the population biol ogy and neurobiology literature. While the subject may be classical, the nov elty here lies in the approach and point of view, particularly in the applica tions such as the approach to the neuronal firing problem and its related dif fusion approximations. It is a pleasure to thank Professors Richard C. Lewontin and Arnold J.F. Siegert for their interest and support, and Mrs. Angell Pasley for her excellent and careful typing. I . PRELIMINARIES 1. Terminology and Examples Consider an experiment specified by: a) the experiment's outcomes, ~, forming the space S; b) certain subsets of S (called events) and by the probabilities of these events.
