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Author : A. G. Salway
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book Modelling the Clarification of Dilute Suspensions by Computational Fluid Dynamics written by A. G. Salway and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Formulation and Validation of an Efficient Computational Model for a Dilute, Settling Suspension Undergoing Rotational Mixing written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing processing equipment for the mixing of settling suspensions is a challenging problem. Achieving low-cost mixing is especially difficult for the application of slowly reacting suspended solids because the cost of impeller power consumption becomes quite high due to the long reaction times (batch mode) or due to large-volume reactors (continuous mode). Further, the usual scale-up metrics for mixing, e.g., constant tip speed and constant power per volume, do not apply well for mixing of suspensions. As an alternative, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be useful for analyzing mixing at multiple scales and determining appropriate mixer designs and operating parameters. We developed a mixture model to describe the hydrodynamics of a settling cellulose suspension. The suspension motion is represented as a single velocity field in a computationally efficient Eulerian framework. The solids are represented by a scalar volume-fraction field that undergoes transport due to particle diffusion, settling, fluid advection, and shear stress. A settling model and a viscosity model, both functions of volume fraction, were selected to fit experimental settling and viscosity data, respectively. Simulations were performed with the open-source Nek5000 CFD program, which is based on the high-order spectral-finite-element method. Simulations were performed for the cellulose suspension undergoing mixing in a laboratory-scale vane mixer. The settled-bed heights predicted by the simulations were in semi-quantitative agreement with experimental observations. Further, the simulation results were in quantitative agreement with experimentally obtained torque and mixing-rate data, including a characteristic torque bifurcation. In future work, we plan to couple this CFD model with a reaction-kinetics model for the enzymatic digestion of cellulose, allowing us to predict enzymatic digestion performance for various mixing intensities and novel reactor designs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Formulation and Validation of an Efficient Computational Model for a Dilute, Settling Suspension Undergoing Rotational Mixing written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing processing equipment for the mixing of settling suspensions is a challenging problem. Achieving low-cost mixing is especially difficult for the application of slowly reacting suspended solids because the cost of impeller power consumption becomes quite high due to the long reaction times (batch mode) or due to large-volume reactors (continuous mode). Further, the usual scale-up metrics for mixing, e.g., constant tip speed and constant power per volume, do not apply well for mixing of suspensions. As an alternative, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be useful for analyzing mixing at multiple scales and determining appropriate mixer designs and operating parameters. We developed a mixture model to describe the hydrodynamics of a settling cellulose suspension. The suspension motion is represented as a single velocity field in a computationally efficient Eulerian framework. The solids are represented by a scalar volume-fraction field that undergoes transport due to particle diffusion, settling, fluid advection, and shear stress. A settling model and a viscosity model, both functions of volume fraction, were selected to fit experimental settling and viscosity data, respectively. Simulations were performed with the open-source Nek5000 CFD program, which is based on the high-order spectral-finite-element method. Simulations were performed for the cellulose suspension undergoing mixing in a laboratory-scale vane mixer. The settled-bed heights predicted by the simulations were in semi-quantitative agreement with experimental observations. Further, the simulation results were in quantitative agreement with experimentally obtained torque and mixing-rate data, including a characteristic torque bifurcation. In future work, we plan to couple this CFD model with a reaction-kinetics model for the enzymatic digestion of cellulose, allowing us to predict enzymatic digestion performance for various mixing intensities and novel reactor designs.
Author : Wenbin Mao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Modeling Particle Suspensions Using Lattice Boltzmann Method written by Wenbin Mao and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle suspensions are common both in nature and in various technological applications. The complex nature of hydrodynamic interactions between particles and the solvent makes such analysis difficult that often requires numerical modeling to understand the behavior of particle suspensions. In this dissertation, we employ a hybrid computational model that integrates a lattice spring model for solid mechanics and a lattice Boltzmann model for fluid dynamics. We use this model to study several practical problems in which the dynamics of spherical and spheroidal particles and deformable capsules in dilute suspensions plays an important role. The results of our studies yield new information regarding the dynamics of solid particle in pressure-driven channel flows and disclose the nonlinear effects associated with fluid inertia leading to particle cross-stream migration. This information not only give us a fundamental insight into the dynamics of dilute suspensions, but also yield engineering guidelines for designing high throughput microfluidic devices for sorting and separation of synthetic particles and biological cells. We first demonstrate that spherical particles can be size-separated in ridged microchannels. Specifically, particles with different sizes follow distinct trajectories as a result of the nonlinear inertial effects and secondary flows created by diagonal ridges in the channel. Then, separation of biological cells by their differential stiffness is studied and compared with experimental results. Cells with different stiffness squeeze through narrow gaps between solid diagonal ridges and channel wall, and migrate across the microchannel with different rates depending on their stiffness. This deformability-based microfluidic platform may be valuable for separating diseased cells from healthy cells, as a variety of cell pathologies manifest through the change in mechanical cell stiffness. Finally, the dynamics of spheroid particles in simple shear and Poiseuille flows are studied. Stable rotational motion, cross-stream migration, and equilibrium trajectories of non-spherical particles in flow are investigated. Effects of particle and fluid inertia on dynamics of particles are disclosed. The dependence of equilibrium trajectory on particle shape reveals a potential application for shape based particle separation.
Author : L. Mazzei
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (829 download)
Download or read book Eulerian Modelling and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Mono and Polydisperse Fluidized Suspension written by L. Mazzei and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research project is concerned with the Eulerian-Eulerian mathematical modelling of fluidized suspensions. We first derive new averaged equations of motion for particulate systems made up of a finite number of monodisperse particle classes; this clarifies the mathematical origin and physical meaning of the terms featuring in the equations and allows to attain a well-posed multiphase model. We then tackle the closure problem of the fluid-particle interaction force in monodisperse fluidized suspensions, laying emphasis on the buoyancy, drag and elastic forces. We analyze critically several constitutive relations used to express these forces, we identify their shortcomings and we advance new, and more accurate, closure equations. To validate them we study, analytically and computationally, the expansion and collapse of homogeneous fluidized beds and their transition to the bubbling regime, comparing the result with experimental data. We then address the mathematical modelling of polydisperse fluidized suspensions, which are characterized by a continuous distribution of the particle properties, such as size or velocity. Here we adopt a more powerful modelling approach based on the generalized population balance equation (GPBE). Whereas the classical transport equations of continuum mechanics are three-dimensional, the GPBE is usually higher-dimensional and incompatible with customary computational schemes. To solve it, we use the method of moments (MOM), which resorts to a limited number of GPBE moments to derive three-dimensional transport equations that can be handled by normal CFD codes. The limited set of equations, which replaces the single multidimensional GPBE, keeps the problem tractable when applied to complicated multiphase flows; the main obstacle to the method is that the moment transport equations are mathematically unclosed. To overcome the problem, we present two very efficient methods, the direct quadrature method of moments (DQMOM) and the quadrature method of moments (QMOM). Both approximate the volume density function (VDF) featuring in the GPBE by using a quadrature formula. The methods are very flexible: the number of nodes in the quadrature corresponds to the number of disperse phases simulated. The more the nodes, the better the quadrature approximation; more nodes, however, entail also more complexity and more computational effort. For monovariate systems, i.e., systems with only one internal coordinate in the generalized sense, the methods are entirely equivalent from a theoretical standpoint; computationally, however, they differ substantially. To conclude the work, we use DQMOM to simulate the dynamics of two polydisperse powders initially arranged as two superposed, perfectly-segregated packed systems. As fluidization occurs, the simulation tracks the evolution in time and physical space of the quadrature nodes and weights and predicts the mixing attained by the system. To validate the method, we compare computational predictions with experimental results.
Author : Guang-Hao Chen
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1789060354
Total Pages : 867 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment: Principles, Modeling and Design written by Guang-Hao Chen and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book was published in 2008 and it went on to become IWA Publishing’s bestseller. Clearly there was a need for it because over the twenty years prior to 2008, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment had advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a fundamental first-principles approach based on chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, mathematics and modelling. However the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments was overwhelming for young water professionals, particularly in developing countries without readily available access to advanced-level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. For a whole new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, this book assembled and integrated the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world who have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. This material had matured to the degree that it had been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. The first edition of the book offered, that upon completion of an in-depth study of its contents, the modern approach of modelling and simulation in wastewater treatment plant design and operation could be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks, or biofilm systems. However, the advances and developments in wastewater treatment have accelerated over the past 12 years since publication of the first edition. While all the chapters of the first edition have been updated to accommodate these advances and developments, some, such as granular sludge, membrane bioreactors, sulphur conversion-based bioprocesses and biofilm reactors which were new in 2008, have matured into new industry approaches and are also now included in this second edition. The target readership of this second edition remains the young water professionals, who will still be active in the field of protecting our precious water resources long after the aging professors who are leading some of these advances have retired. The authors, all still active in the field, are aware that cleaning dirty water has become more complex but that it is even more urgent now than 12 years ago, and offer this second edition to help the young water professionals engage with the scientific and bioprocess engineering principles of wastewater treatment science and technology with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence built on stronger competence.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C A Shook
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483292207
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Slurry Flow written by C A Shook and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slurry Flow: Principles and Practice describes the basic concepts and methods for understanding and designing slurry flow systems, in-plan installations, and long-distance transportation systems. The goal of this book is to enable the design or plant engineer to derive the maximum benefit from a limited amount of test data and to generalize operating experience to new situations. Design procedures are described in detail and are accompanied by illustrative examples needed by engineers with little or no previous experience in slurry transport. The technical literature in this field is extensive: this book facilitates its use by surveying current research results and providing explanations of mechanistic flow models. This discussion of background scientific principles helps the practitioner to better interpret test data, select pumps, specify materials of construction, and choose measuring devises for slurry transport systems. The extensive range of topics covered in Slurry Flow: Principles and practice includes slurry rheology, homogeneous and heterogeneous slurry flow principles, wear mechanisms, pumping equipment, instrumentation, and operating aspects.
Author : Jiyuan Tu
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0081012446
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Computational Fluid Dynamics written by Jiyuan Tu and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-01-26 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Approach, Third Edition, is an introduction to CFD fundamentals and commercial CFD software to solve engineering problems. The book is designed for a wide variety of engineering students new to CFD, and for practicing engineers learning CFD for the first time. Combining an appropriate level of mathematical background, worked examples, computer screen shots, and step-by-step processes, this book walks the reader through modeling and computing, as well as interpreting CFD results. This new edition has been updated throughout, with new content and improved figures, examples and problems. - Includes a new chapter on practical guidelines for mesh generation - Provides full coverage of high-pressure fluid dynamics and the meshless approach to provide a broader overview of the application areas where CFD can be used - Includes online resources with a new bonus chapter featuring detailed case studies and the latest developments in CFD
Author : Barath Ezhilan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (936 download)
Download or read book Fluid Dynamics of Active Suspensions written by Barath Ezhilan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is devoted to understanding the effect of inter-particle interactions, external fields and confinement in active suspensions. Active suspensions, such as a bath of swimming micro-organisms, have microstructural elements which are motile and exert active stresses on the suspending fluid. The internally generated stresses in active suspensions lead to an intrinsic coupling between the swimmer configurations and the immersing fluid. The first theme of the thesis focuses on hydrodynamically driven self-organization in active suspensions. We first study the dynamics of concentrated active suspensions in a 3D periodic domain using a coupled Smoluchowski-Stokes kinetic model and discover novel instabilities for both rear-actuated (pusher) and front-actuated (puller) swimmers, characterized by giant number density fluctuations, due to the coupled effects of hydrodynamic and steric interactions. Next, we incorporate chemotactic run-and-tumble effects in the kinetic model to study the dynamics in thin films of aerotactic bacteria. A transition to chaotic dynamics beyond a critical film thickness is reported, in agreement with experiments, and shown to be a consequence of the coupling between aerotactic response of bacteria and hydrodynamic disturbance flows. The second theme focuses on the sole interplay between motility and confinement in dilute suspensions, ignoring the effect of inter-particle interactions. First, we investigate the dynamics of a confined suspension of Brownian swimmers using a simple kinetic model by prescribing a no-flux condition on the probability distribution function of particle configurations and explain several peculiar dynamics reported in experiments, viz., wall accumulation, as well as upstream swimming, centerline depletion and shear-trapping when a pressure-driven flow is imposed. Next, we calculate the swim pressure of non-Brownian run-and-tumble spherical swimmers using a kinetic model based on coupled bulk/surface probability density functions. The third theme focuses on the effect of confinement on active self-organization. We discover a symmetry-breaking phase-transition to a spontaneous flowing state with net fluid pumping beyond a critical concentration in a strongly confined channel. The framework for studying confined active suspensions is also extended to explore geometric control of active self-organization in circular and other complex domains.
Author : Marius Ungarish
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662016516
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Hydrodynamics of Suspensions written by Marius Ungarish and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention is focused on a suspension of buoyant particles (or droplets) in acontinuous fluid. In the presence of a force field, gravitational or centrifugal, and exposed to ordinary boundary constraints, a variety of fascinating flows can be obtained. These motions are essential ingre- dients in the widely used separation technology, where im- provedand new designs may be beneficial, but they are also interesting from a broader, academic point of view. In these respects, the recent investigations on these flows patterns, their underlying mechanisms and mathematical modeling - have accrued to a significant, relevant body of knowledge. The main objective of this book is to summarize - in a systematic, coherent and consistent fashion - the theoretical up to date contributions which seem fundamental in understanding, simulation and development of the subject.
Author : Thomas Gerald DeNoto
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 854 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (179 download)
Download or read book Clarification of Dilute Suspensions written by Thomas Gerald DeNoto and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C. A. Brebbia
Publisher : WIT Press
ISBN 13 : 1845647343
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)
Download or read book Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow VII written by C. A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiphase flows are found in all areas of technology, at all length scales and flow regimes and can involve compressible or incompressible linear or nonlinear, fluids. However, although they are ubiquitous, multiphase flows continue to be one of the most challenging areas of computational mechanics, with numerous problems as yet unsolved. Advanced computational and experimental methods are often required to solve the equations that describe such complex problems. The many challenges that must be faced in solving them include modelling nonlinear fluids, modelling and tracking interfaces, dealing with multiple length scales, characterising phase structures, and treating drop break-up and coalescence. It is important to validate models, which calls for the use of expensive and difficult experimental techniques.This book presents contributions on the latest research in the techniques for solving multiphase flow problems, presented at the seventh in a biennial series of conferences on the subject that began in 2001. Featured topics include: Flow in porous media; Turbulent flow; Multiphase flow simulation; Image processing; Heat transfer; Atomization; Interface behaviour; Oil and gas applications; Experimental measurements; Energy applications; Biological flows; Micro and macro fluids; Compressible flows.
Author : Horacio Pérez Blanco
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (642 download)
Download or read book Modeling of Dilute, Swirling Gas-solid Suspensions written by Horacio Pérez Blanco and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 876 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John Junke Guo
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 981448797X
Total Pages : 1152 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)
Download or read book Advances In Hydraulics And Water Engineering: Volumes I & Ii - Proceedings Of The 13th Iahr-apd Congress written by John Junke Guo and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002-07-18 with total page 1152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a wide range of recent advances in hydraulics and water engineering. It contains four sections: hydraulics and open channel flow; hydrology, water resources management and hydroinformatics; maritime hydraulics; ecohydraulics and water quality management. World authorities such as Mike Abbot, I Nezu, A J Metha, M Garcia and P Y Julien have contributed to the book.
Author : Naomi Kato
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431733809
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Bio-mechanisms of Swimming and Flying written by Naomi Kato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a wide range of animals from flagellated microorganisms to marine mammals. It follows "Bio-mechanisms of Animals in Swimming and Flying" published in 2004 including 11 chapters. This time, the book includes 31 chapters on the latest researches into natural autonomous systems and locomotion in both flying and swimming organisms. The area of sports science such as analysis and simulation of human swimming is newly added. The computational frameworks for the modeling, simulation and optimization of animals in swimming and flying demonstrate an important role in the progress of interdisciplinary work in the fields of biology and engineering.
