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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Modeling the Demand for Cocaine written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Susan S. Everingham
Publisher : RAND Corporation
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (359 download)
Download or read book Modeling the Demand for Cocaine written by Susan S. Everingham and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 1994 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents the development of a two-state Markovian model of the demand for cocaine and includes the estimation of incidence, prevalence, cohort retention, and consumption. The Markovian model is required to fit (1) the overall prevalence data; (2) the fraction of all users who are heavy users in 1985, 1988, and 1990; and (3) the fraction of a cohort of initiates that is still using drugs ten years later, the ten-year cohort retention rate. The study states that the incidence of new users into light cocaine use has varied greatly over the years and is an input to the model; however, the model cannot predict future prevalence--it can only project prevalence given a hypothetical incidence scenario. The model also demonstrates that the fraction of all cocaine users who are heavy users has varied greatly over time, and that peak heavy usage followed peak incidence by about ten years. Consequently, the effect on heavy usage of government programs that reduce incidence (such as prevention programs) will only be realized many years later.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309064775
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Two Cost-Effectiveness Studies on Cocaine Control Policy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-06-05 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is an important first step in the development of a national policy on illegal drugs. It assesses two recent cost-effectiveness studies on cocaine control policy: one by RAND, Controlling Cocaine: Supply Versus Demand Programs, and the other by the Institute of Defense Analyses, An Empirical Examination of Counterdrug Interdiction Program Effectiveness.
Author : Charles C. Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book The Demand for Cocaine by Young Adults written by Charles C. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper applies the rational addiction model, which emphasizes the interdependency of past, current, and future consumption of an addictive good, to the demand for cocaine by young adults in the Monitoring the Future Panel. The price of cocaine is added to this survey from the System to Retrieve Information from Drug Evidence (STRIDE) maintained by the Drug Enforcement Administration of the U.S. Department of Justice. Results suggest that annual participation and frequency of use given participation are negatively related to the price of cocaine. In addition current participation is positively related to past and future participation, and current frequency of use given participation is positively related to past and future frequency of use. The long-run price elasticity of total consumption (participation multiplied by frequency given participation) of -1.18 is substantial. A permanent 10 percent reduction in price due, for example, to the legalization of cocaine would cause the number of cocaine users to grow by slightly more than 8 percent and would increase the frequency of use among users by a little more than 3 percent. Surely, both proponents and opponents of drug legalization should take account of this increase in consumption in debating their respective positions
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309159342
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-23 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite efforts to reduce drug consumption in the United States over the past 35 years, drugs are just as cheap and available as they have ever been. Cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines continue to cause great harm in the country, particularly in minority communities in the major cities. Marijuana use remains a part of adolescent development for about half of the country's young people, although there is controversy about the extent of its harm. Given the persistence of drug demand in the face of lengthy and expensive efforts to control the markets, the National Institute of Justice asked the National Research Council to undertake a study of current research on the demand for drugs in order to help better focus national efforts to reduce that demand. This study complements the 2003 book, Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs by giving more attention to the sources of demand and assessing the potential of demand-side interventions to make a substantial difference to the nation's drug problems. Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs therefore focuses tightly on demand models in the field of economics and evaluates the data needs for advancing this relatively undeveloped area of investigation.
Download or read book Estimating the Elasticities of Demand for Cocaine and Heroin with Data from 21 Cities from the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program, 1987-1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael Kennedy
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 9780833013842
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (138 download)
Download or read book A Simple Economic Model of Cocaine Production written by Michael Kennedy and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 1994 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a simple equilibrium model of the cocaine industry in Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia. The purpose of the model is to represent the fundamental economic relations that determine the size of cocaine output, and to simulate the effects on the production sector of policy initiatives or other changes in the surrounding environment. Model results include: "Crop substitution" programs will have a negligible impact on the world cocaine market. Cocaine supply control strategies that seize and destroy 70% or less of production, without limiting the total level of production, will have little impact on the market. Changes in the size of the world cocaine market have a relatively modest long-run impact on the standard of living of average workers in Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia. The results of this study are insensitive to the data uncertainties concerning the cocaine market.
Author : Frank J. Chaloupka
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226100499
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)
Download or read book The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse written by Frank J. Chaloupka and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-02-15 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom once held that the demand for addictive substances like cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs was unlike that for any other economic good and, therefore, unresponsive to traditional market forces. Recently, however, researchers from two disparate fields, economics and behavioral psychology, have found that increases in the overall price of an addictive substance can significantly reduce both the number of users and the amounts those users consume. Changes in the "full price" of addictive substances—including monetary value, time outlay, effort to obtain, and potential penalties for illegal use—yield marked variations in behavioral outcomes and demand. The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse brings these distinctive fields of study together and presents for the first time an integrated assessment of their data and results. Unique and innovative, this multidisciplinary volume will serve as an important resource in the current debates concerning alcohol and drug use and abuse and the impacts of legalizing illicit drugs.
Author : Stephen T. Higgins
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 1593855710
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (938 download)
Download or read book Contingency Management in Substance Abuse Treatment written by Stephen T. Higgins and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2007-09-26 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely and authoritative, this volume brings together leading clinical researchers to describe contemporary applications of contingency management principles across a wide range of substance use disorders and patient populations. Contingency management uses a system of incentives and disincentives to motivate patients to meet their treatment goals, and has been implemented successfully in community treatment clinics, drug courts, and other settings. Featuring illustrative case material, the book presents a cogent empirical rationale and practical strategies for targeting major drugs of abuse and working with specific populations, including adolescents, pregnant women, and dually diagnosed and homeless individuals. Also addressed are the nuts and bolts of developing and funding contingency management programs.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030917306X
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Two Cost-Effectiveness Studies on Cocaine Control Policy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-05 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is an important first step in the development of a national policy on illegal drugs. It assesses two recent cost-effectiveness studies on cocaine control policy: one by RAND, Controlling Cocaine: Supply Versus Demand Programs, and the other by the Institute of Defense Analyses, An Empirical Examination of Counterdrug Interdiction Program Effectiveness.
Author : European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Modelling Drug Use written by European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ofrece una panorámica de la aplicacion de técnicas matemáticas y estadísticas para estudiar el uso de drogas, ésto añade un interés adicional a las investigaciones sociológicas al ofrecer un punto de vista cuantitativo. 07.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Estimation of Cocaine Availability written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309459575
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.
Author : Steven D. Levitt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book An Economic Analysis of a Drug-selling Gang's Finances written by Steven D. Levitt and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze a unique data set detailing the financial activities of a drug-selling street gang on a monthly basis over a four-year period in the recent past. The data, originally compiled by the gang leader to aid in managing the organization, contain detailed information on both the sources of revenues (e.g. drug sales, extortion) and expenditrues (e.g. costs of drugs sold, weapons, tribute to the central gang organization, wages paid to various levels of the gang). Street-level drug dealing appears to be less lucrative than is generally though. We estimate the average wage in the organization to rise from roughly $6 per hour to $11 per hour over the time period studied. The distribution of wages, however, is extremely skewed. Gang leaders earn far more than they could in the legitimate sector, but the actual street-level dealers appear to earn less than the minimum wage throughout most of our sample, in spite of the substantial risks associated with such activities (the annual violent death rate in our sample is 0.07), There is some evidence consistent both with compensating differentials and efficiency wages. The markup on drugs suggests that the gang has substantial local market power. Gang wars appear to have an important strategic component: violence on another gang's turf shifts demand away from that area. The gang we observe responds to such attacks by pricing below marginal cost, suggesting either economic punishment for the rival gang or the presence of switching for users that makes market share maintenance valuable. We investigate a range of alternative methods for estimating the willingness of gang members to accept risks of death, all of which suggest that the implicit value that gang members place on their own lives is very low.
Author : United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The National Drug Control Strategy written by United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book National Drug Control Strategy written by United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy and published by . This book was released on with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alejandro Gaviria
Publisher : Vanderbilt University Press
ISBN 13 : 0826503756
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (265 download)
Download or read book Anti-Drug Policies in Colombia written by Alejandro Gaviria and published by Vanderbilt University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forty years after the declaration of the "war on drugs" by President Nixon, the debate on the effectiveness and costs of the ban is red-hot. Several former Latin American presidents and leading intellectuals from around the world have drawn attention to the ineffectiveness and adverse consequences of prohibitionism. This book thoroughly analyzes the drug policies of one of the main protagonists in this war. The book covers many topics: the economics of drug production, the policies to reduce consumption and decrease supply during the Plan Colombia, the effects of the drug problem on Colombia's international relations, the prevention of money laundering, the connection between drug trafficking and paramilitary politics, and strategies against organized crime. Beyond the diversity in topics, there is a common thread running through all the chapters: the need to analyze objectively what works and what does not, based on empirical evidence. Presented here for the first time to an English-speaking audience, this book is a contribution to a debate that urgently needs to transcend ideology and preconceived opinions.
