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Microstructural Feature Based Processing And Analysis Of Diffusion Tensor Mri
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Book Synopsis Microstructural Feature-based Processing and Analysis of Diffusion Tensor MRI by : Jin Kyu Gahm
Download or read book Microstructural Feature-based Processing and Analysis of Diffusion Tensor MRI written by Jin Kyu Gahm and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tensors increasingly arise in a variety of medical imaging and image processing contexts. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) measures the self-diffusion rate of water molecules within small volumes of biological tissues to characterize their microstructural features. The diffusion tensor can be decomposed into shape and orientation components, and the shape components are intuitively and saliently characterized by tensor invariants. Hence the invariant and orientation information implies the microstructural features of tissues. The mathematical framework that freely builds tensors from tensor invariants has been recently established, and allowed for developing novel approaches for processing and analysis of diffusion tensor fields. New tensor interpolation methods are devised that linearly interpolate each of tensor invariants and orientations to preserve cardiac microstructural features. The uniform tensor invariant set is proposed that linearly characterizes tensor shape, and provides more accurate tensor field interpolation and analysis of cardiac diffusion tensor fields. A microstructural feature-based tensor distance is also defined by a linear combination of tensor invariant and orientation distances, and applied to graph-based segmentation of cardiac diffusion tensor fields. Finally, the effects of noise in DT-MRI are evaluated on tensor invariants characterizing tensor shape over the complete space of tensor shape. In addition, a new framework is developed for determining the distribution of the likely true values of tensor invariants given their noisy measures.
Book Synopsis Visualization and Processing of Tensors and Higher Order Descriptors for Multi-Valued Data by : Carl-Fredrik Westin
Download or read book Visualization and Processing of Tensors and Higher Order Descriptors for Multi-Valued Data written by Carl-Fredrik Westin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-17 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arising from the fourth Dagstuhl conference entitled Visualization and Processing of Tensors and Higher Order Descriptors for Multi-Valued Data (2011), this book offers a broad and vivid view of current work in this emerging field. Topics covered range from applications of the analysis of tensor fields to research on their mathematical and analytical properties. Part I, Tensor Data Visualization, surveys techniques for visualization of tensors and tensor fields in engineering, discusses the current state of the art and challenges, and examines tensor invariants and glyph design, including an overview of common glyphs. The second Part, Representation and Processing of Higher-order Descriptors, describes a matrix representation of local phase, outlines mathematical morphological operations techniques, extended for use in vector images, and generalizes erosion to the space of diffusion weighted MRI. Part III, Higher Order Tensors and Riemannian-Finsler Geometry, offers powerful mathematical language to model and analyze large and complex diffusion data such as High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI). A Part entitled Tensor Signal Processing presents new methods for processing tensor-valued data, including a novel perspective on performing voxel-wise morphometry of diffusion tensor data using kernel-based approach, explores the free-water diffusion model, and reviews proposed approaches for computing fabric tensors, emphasizing trabecular bone research. The last Part, Applications of Tensor Processing, discusses metric and curvature tensors, two of the most studied tensors in geometry processing. Also covered is a technique for diagnostic prediction of first-episode schizophrenia patients based on brain diffusion MRI data. The last chapter presents an interactive system integrating the visual analysis of diffusion MRI tractography with data from electroencephalography.
Book Synopsis Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience by : Judith M. Rumsey
Download or read book Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience written by Judith M. Rumsey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging by : Susumu Mori
Download or read book Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging written by Susumu Mori and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concepts behind diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are commonly difficult to grasp, even for magnetic resonance physicists. To make matters worse, a many more complex higher-order methods have been proposed over the last few years to overcome the now well-known deficiencies of DTI. In Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging: And Higher Order Models, these concepts are explained through extensive use of illustrations rather than equations to help readers gain a more intuitive understanding of the inner workings of these techniques. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of DTI images and tractography results, the design of experiments, and the types of application studies that can be undertaken. Diffusion MRI is a very active field of research, and theories and techniques are constantly evolving. To make sense of this constantly shifting landscape, there is a need for a textbook that explains the concepts behind how these techniques work in a way that is easy and intuitive to understand—Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging fills this gap. Extensive use of illustrations to explain the concepts of diffusion tensor imaging and related methods Easy to understand, even without a background in physics Includes sections on image interpretation, experimental design, and applications Up-to-date information on more recent higher-order models, which are increasingly being used for clinical applications
Book Synopsis Brain Network Analysis by : Moo K. Chung
Download or read book Brain Network Analysis written by Moo K. Chung and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This coherent mathematical and statistical approach aimed at graduate students incorporates regression and topology as well as graph theory.
Book Synopsis Advances in Quality-of-Life Theory and Research by : M. Joseph Sirgy
Download or read book Advances in Quality-of-Life Theory and Research written by M. Joseph Sirgy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is relevant to quality-of-life researchers working in the areas of social medicine, sustainable development, social indicators research and health psychology/behavioral medicine. It represents a culmination of programmatic research in the science of QOL. The research methods and conceptual models used are exemplary and can induce QOL researchers to conduct future research in other cultures, geographic areas, and different socio-economic and demographic groups as well as in different QOL domains.
Book Synopsis Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields by : Joachim Weickert
Download or read book Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields written by Joachim Weickert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matrix-valued data sets – so-called second order tensor fields – have gained significant importance in scientific visualization and image processing due to recent developments such as diffusion tensor imaging. This book is the first edited volume that presents the state of the art in the visualization and processing of tensor fields. It contains some longer chapters dedicated to surveys and tutorials of specific topics, as well as a great deal of original work by leading experts that has not been published before. It serves as an overview for the inquiring scientist, as a basic foundation for developers and practitioners, and as as a textbook for specialized classes and seminars for graduate and doctoral students.
Book Synopsis Diffusion Tensor Imaging by : Wim Van Hecke
Download or read book Diffusion Tensor Imaging written by Wim Van Hecke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the practical aspects of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), from understanding the basis of the technique through selection of the right protocols, trouble-shooting data quality, and analyzing DTI data optimally. DTI is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for visualizing and quantifying tissue microstructure based on diffusion. The book discusses the theoretical background underlying DTI and advanced techniques based on higher-order models and multi-shell diffusion imaging. It covers the practical implementation of DTI; derivation of information from DTI data; and a range of clinical applications, including neurosurgical planning and the assessment of brain tumors. Its practical utility is enhanced by decision schemes and a fully annotated DTI brain atlas, including color fractional anisotropy maps and 3D tractography reconstructions of major white matter fiber bundles. Featuring contributions from leading specialists in the field of DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Practical Handbook is a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, MRI technicians and clinicians.
Book Synopsis Statistical Diffusion Tensor Imaging: From Data Quality to Fiber Tracking by : Susanne Heim
Download or read book Statistical Diffusion Tensor Imaging: From Data Quality to Fiber Tracking written by Susanne Heim and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2007-08-09 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows to infere the ultrastructure of living tissue. In brain mapping, neural fiber trajectories can be identified by exploiting the anisotropy of diffusion processes. Manifold statistical methods may be linked into the comprehensive processing chain that is spanned between DTI raw images and the reliable visualization of fibers. In this work, a space varying coefficients model (SVCM) using penalized B-splines was developed to integrate diffusion tensor estimation, regularization and interpolation into a unified framework. The implementation challenges originating in multiple 3d space varying coefficient surfaces and the large dimensions of realistic datasets were met by incorporating matrix sparsity and efficient model approximation. Superiority of B-spline based SVCM to the standard approach was demonstrable from simulation studies in terms of the precision and accuracy of the individual tensor elements. The integration with a probabilistic fiber tractography algorithm and application on real brain data revealed that the unified approach is at least equivalent to the serial application of voxelwise estimation, smoothing and interpolation. From the error analysis using boxplots and visual inspection the conclusion was drawn that both the standard approach and the B-spline based SVCM may suffer from low local adaptivity. Therefore, wavelet basis functions were employed for filtering diffusion tensor fields. While excellent local smoothing was indeed achieved by combining voxelwise tensor estimation with wavelet filtering, no immediate improvement was gained for fiber tracking. However, the thresholding strategy needs to be refined and the proposed model of an incorporation of wavelets into an SVCM needs to be implemented to finally assess their utility for DTI data processing. In summary, an SVCM with specific consideration of the demands of human brain DTI data was developed and implemented, eventually representing a unified postprocessing framework. This represents an experimental and statistical platform to further improve the reliability of tractography. The reader might find Chapters 1 and 4 particularly useful for a concise introduction to magnetic resonance imaging and to wavelet theory. The SVCM model was implemented in R and is available online as package of the same name.
Book Synopsis Diffusion MRI by : Heidi Johansen-Berg
Download or read book Diffusion MRI written by Heidi Johansen-Berg and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion MRI remains the most comprehensive reference for understanding this rapidly evolving and powerful technology and is an essential handbook for designing, analyzing, and interpreting diffusion MR experiments. Diffusion imaging provides a unique window on human brain anatomy. This non-invasive technique continues to grow in popularity as a way to study brain pathways that could never before be investigated in vivo. This book covers the fundamental theory of diffusion imaging, discusses its most promising applications to basic and clinical neuroscience, and introduces cutting-edge methodological developments that will shape the field in coming years. Written by leading experts in the field, it places the exciting new results emerging from diffusion imaging in the context of classical anatomical techniques to show where diffusion studies might offer unique insights and where potential limitations lie. Fully revised and updated edition of the first comprehensive reference on a powerful technique in brain imaging Covers all aspects of a diffusion MRI study from acquisition through analysis to interpretation, and from fundamental theory to cutting-edge developments New chapters covering connectomics, advanced diffusion acquisition, artifact removal, and applications to the neonatal brain Provides practical advice on running an experiment Includes discussion of applications in psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, and basic neuroscience Full color throughout
Book Synopsis Tensor Based Analysis of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images by : Yonas Tesfazghi Weldeselassie
Download or read book Tensor Based Analysis of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images written by Yonas Tesfazghi Weldeselassie and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) is a non-invasive and in vivo medical imaging technique that allows neural tissue architecture to be probed at a microscopic scale. This is possible due to the diffusion of hydrogen atoms within water molecules in the imaging body; thus capturing the microstructure of the underlying tissues. DW-MRI adds to conventional MRI the capability of measuring this diffusion of water molecules by applying strong magnetic field along several gradient directions in order to measure the apparent diffusion coefficients along those directions. In this thesis, we look at modeling diffusion of water molecules with Cartesian Tensors: a model known as Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DT-MRI). We begin with 2nd order tensor model which results in an image where at each voxel the preferred direction of diffusion is locally modeled by a 3 x 3 symmetric positive definite matrix whose coefficients are estimated from the DW-MR data. After briefly reviewing anisotropy and distance measures of 2nd order tensors, we extend these ideas to develop a novel anisotropy measure. Tensor distance measures are then used to extend scalar image segmentation algorithms in order to segment tensor images. Next, we present a clinical application of DT-MRI to investigate various features of white matter fiber tracts in the cortico-striatal region of the brain for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Finally, we investigate the limitations of the 2nd order tensor model and extend it to higher order tensors in order to correctly depict crossing fiber tracts. In particular, we develop a new technique to model fiber orientation distribution functions using higher order tensors and develop a novel anisotropy measure derived directly from fiber orientation distribution functions.
Book Synopsis Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI 2015 by : Nassir Navab
Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI 2015 written by Nassir Navab and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set LNCS 9349, 9350, and 9351 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2015, held in Munich, Germany, in October 2015. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 263 revised papers from 810 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: quantitative image analysis I: segmentation and measurement; computer-aided diagnosis: machine learning; computer-aided diagnosis: automation; quantitative image analysis II: classification, detection, features, and morphology; advanced MRI: diffusion, fMRI, DCE; quantitative image analysis III: motion, deformation, development and degeneration; quantitative image analysis IV: microscopy, fluorescence and histological imagery; registration: method and advanced applications; reconstruction, image formation, advanced acquisition - computational imaging; modelling and simulation for diagnosis and interventional planning; computer-assisted and image-guided interventions.
Book Synopsis Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI 2009 by : Guang-Zhong Yang
Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI 2009 written by Guang-Zhong Yang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-07 with total page 1078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume set LNCS 5761 and LNCS 5762 constitute the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2009, held in London, UK, in September 2009. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 259 revised papers from 804 submissions for presentation in two volumes. The first volume includes 125 papers divided in topical sections on cardiovascular image guided intervention and robotics; surgical navigation and tissue interaction; intra-operative imaging and endoscopic navigation; motion modelling and image formation; image registration; modelling and segmentation; image segmentation and classification; segmentation and atlas based techniques; neuroimage analysis; surgical navigation and robotics; image registration; and neuroimage analysis: structure and function.
Book Synopsis Neuroimaging in Epilepsy by : Harry Chugani, MD
Download or read book Neuroimaging in Epilepsy written by Harry Chugani, MD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps the most important achievements in the field of epileptology in the past two decades have been in the neuroimaging and genetic breakthroughs as applied to patients with epilepsy. Indeed, neuroimaging has become a vital part in the study of epilepsy, affecting broad aspects of the disorder ranging from diagnosis and classification to treatment and prognosis. Neuroimaging in epilepsy encompasses many different approaches that have reached various levels of expertise across epilepsy centers worldwide. This book discusses every imaging modality used to gather information on epilepsy. Each technique is described by world experts and epilepsy centers worldwide.
Book Synopsis Establishing the Method of Dual-tensor for Tract Based Analysis (DTTA) and Investigating Human Brain Developmental Connectome with Diffusion MRI by : Virendra Radheshyam Mishra
Download or read book Establishing the Method of Dual-tensor for Tract Based Analysis (DTTA) and Investigating Human Brain Developmental Connectome with Diffusion MRI written by Virendra Radheshyam Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has the unique ability of studying white matter fiber structure in the human brain in-vivo. The trajectory of the white matter fibers inside the brain can be mapped using the tractography techniques and their structural integrity can be assessed with the help of various metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). But with typical dMRI in clinical applications, almost half of human brain white matter (WM) voxels has crossing-fiber regions (CFR) where WM microstructural integrity is significantly underestimated with single tensor FA. A technique adapted to WM tract analysis and correcting the anisotropy bias at the CFR for dMRI acquired within 5 minutes in clinical research needs to be developed and was the goal of Aim 1. Other than FA, various other DTI derived metrics such as radial (RD), axial (AxD) and mean diffusivity (MD) have been used to noninvasively assess the microstructural development of human brain WM. At birth, most of the major WM tracts are apparent but in a relatively disorganized pattern. Brain maturation is a process of establishing organized pattern of these major WM tracts. However, the change in the spatial-temporal linkage pattern of major WM tracts during development remains unclear and evaluating the linkage pattern of major WM tracts during development was the goal of Aim 2. Moreover, the linkage pattern observed at birth is a result of complicated molecular and biochemical processes which take place during perinatal brain development and reshape the later brain structural network for sophisticated functional and cognitive requirements. However, structural topological configuration of human brain during this specific development period is not well understood and was the goal of Aim 3. To evaluate Aim 1, novel dual tensor tract analysis (DTTA) was developed that includes dual tensor fitting with Gaussian mixture model and tract analysis. Digital phantom was designed and dMRI with multiple b values was acquired to evaluate the accuracy of estimated tract-specific anisotropy at CFR after DTTA correction. The results from phantom study showed high accuracy of the corrected anisotropy with DTTA. The results from normal human dMRI used in clinical research indicated effective identification of CFR and correction of tract-specific anisotropy. Corrected anisotropy with DTTA is highly consistent to the single fiber FA within the same tract. The results suggest great potential of DTTA in estimating accurate tract-specific anisotropy at CFR and conducting tract analysis in clinical research. To evaluate Aim 2, diffusion magnetic resonance image (dMRI) data of 26 neonates and 28 children around puberty was acquired. 10 major WM tracts, representing four major tract groups involved in distinctive brain functions, were traced with DTI tractography for all 54 subjects. With the 10 by 10 correlation matrices constructed with Spearmans pairwise inter-tract correlations and based on tract-level measurements of FA, RD, AxD and MD of both age groups, we assessed if the inter-tract correlations become stronger from birth to puberty. In addition, hierarchical clustering was performed based on the pairwise correlations of WM tracts to reveal the clustering pattern for each age group and evaluate the pattern shift from birth to puberty. Stronger and enhanced microstructural inter-tract correlations were found during development from birth to puberty. The linkage patterns of two age groups differ due to brain development. These changes of microstructural correlations from birth to puberty suggest inhomogeneous but organized myelination processes which cause the reshuffled intertract correlation pattern and make homologous tracts tightly clustered. It opens a new window to study WM tract development and can be potentially used to investigate atypical brain development due to neurological or psychiatric disorders. To evaluate Aim 3, dMRI of 15 in-vivo human brains in the age range of 31 gestational weeks (wg) to 41wg were acquired to characterize structural brain network during perinatal brain development. dMRI tractography was used to construct structural brain networks and the underlying topological properties were quantified by graph-theory approaches. Small-world attributes were found to be evident throughout the perinatal brain development. Our results reveal a perinatal brain "connectome" that shows monotonically increasing network derived metrics and stronger networks with development, which is likely to be the outcome of both strengthening of major whitematter tracts and pruning of small fibers.
Book Synopsis Clinical MR Neuroimaging by : Jonathan H. Gillard
Download or read book Clinical MR Neuroimaging written by Jonathan H. Gillard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers each physiological MR methodology and their applications to all major neurological diseases.
Book Synopsis Anisotropy Across Fields and Scales by : Evren Özarslan
Download or read book Anisotropy Across Fields and Scales written by Evren Özarslan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on processing, modeling, and visualization of anisotropy information, which are often addressed by employing sophisticated mathematical constructs such as tensors and other higher-order descriptors. It also discusses adaptations of such constructs to problems encountered in seemingly dissimilar areas of medical imaging, physical sciences, and engineering. Featuring original research contributions as well as insightful reviews for scientists interested in handling anisotropy information, it covers topics such as pertinent geometric and algebraic properties of tensors and tensor fields, challenges faced in processing and visualizing different types of data, statistical techniques for data processing, and specific applications like mapping white-matter fiber tracts in the brain. The book helps readers grasp the current challenges in the field and provides information on the techniques devised to address them. Further, it facilitates the transfer of knowledge between different disciplines in order to advance the research frontiers in these areas. This multidisciplinary book presents, in part, the outcomes of the seventh in a series of Dagstuhl seminars devoted to visualization and processing of tensor fields and higher-order descriptors, which was held in Dagstuhl, Germany, on October 28-November 2, 2018.
