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Microbial Source Tracking In The South Dry Sac Watershed
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Book Synopsis Microbial Source Tracking in the South Dry Sac Watershed by : Emily L. Sturnfield
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking in the South Dry Sac Watershed written by Emily L. Sturnfield and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Karst watersheds are an important resource that can be easily contaminated. The South Dry Sac Watershed near Springfield, MO presents a unique opportunity to study the combined effects of urban and rural runoff on a karst river system, as the system changes from rural to urban within the span of a few kilometers. Previous studies have indicated that the watershed is impaired by fecal bacteria, but sources of the bacteria were not investigated. This study traced sources of fecal coliform bacteria (bovine, human) in the watershed and related it to land use. Bovine source Bacteroides was prevalent throughout the field area, while human source Bacteroides was present in lower levels. Results indicate higher human fecal loading at sites located near areas using septic waste treatment. Additional water quality parameters helped distinguish water signatures of the urban from the rural areas within the watershed. The two most contaminated sites were tracked to both bovine and human sources, were downstream from known larger-scale cattle operations, and received drainage from unsewered portions of the study area. The range of values obtained and their variation with time provides a good framework for watershed management.
Book Synopsis Bacterial Source Tracking in Impaired Watersheds by : Emily Catherine Martin
Download or read book Bacterial Source Tracking in Impaired Watersheds written by Emily Catherine Martin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial contamination due to excessive levels of bacteria is a confounding problem and remediation of impaired watersheds relies on the detection of fecal indicator bacteria and then assessing the source of said bacteria. Bacterial source tracking (BST) is an approach for assessing potential sources of this contamination. The purpose of this study was to utilize both cultivation-independent and -dependent methods to improve the ability to track sources of fecal contamination. First, E. coli community composition was assessed across three standard water quality assessments including USEPA Methods 1603 and 1604, and Colilert®, to determine their impact on BST library-based performance. Results indicate that the three assessed methods of enumeration and isolation may select for different populations of E. coli and standardized methods may be warranted if library-dependent BST is part of a research plan. Next, BST techniques were used to enumerate and characterize E. coli communities across various dairy manure management techniques used in the Leon River watershed in central Texas to determine effectiveness of BST efforts in tracking contamination from dairy manure. Results of this study indicated that manure and effluent management strategies which employed means to remove solids from the manure tended to decrease the levels of E. coli in the effluent. Some E. coli genotypes were found across the managerial treatments even though there were no clear seasonal trends or site groupings among the dataset. The vast majority of the isolates classified using the Texas E. coli BST library were correctly classified back to their major source class, thus increasing confidence in the methods currently being utilized to track dairy fecal contributions in this Central Texas watershed. Finally, deer bacterial fecal communities from south and central Texas were analyzed using 454-pyrosequencing to assess the potential for the development of a deer-specific BST marker. Microbial communities did not cluster by site or year suggesting that deer fecal communities in these Texas regions are stable over time and could be amenable to marker development. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149494
Book Synopsis Smith River Watershed Bacteria Source Tracking Study by : CH2M HILL (Firm)
Download or read book Smith River Watershed Bacteria Source Tracking Study written by CH2M HILL (Firm) and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Utility of Microbial Source-tracking Markers for Assessing Fecal Contamination in the Portage River Watershed, Northwestern Ohio, 2008 by : Christopher M. Kephart
Download or read book Utility of Microbial Source-tracking Markers for Assessing Fecal Contamination in the Portage River Watershed, Northwestern Ohio, 2008 written by Christopher M. Kephart and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Report on the Bacteria Source Tracking Project by : Deborah D. Ross
Download or read book Report on the Bacteria Source Tracking Project written by Deborah D. Ross and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Microbial Surveillance by : Matthew Thomas Flood
Download or read book Environmental Microbial Surveillance written by Matthew Thomas Flood and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding of the connections between water and health, through the use of water quality monitoring, surveys and surveillance, can help to address the impacts of anthropomorphic changes on the environment. This study sought to understand these connections through the water quality monitoring within watershed basins as well as pathogen surveillance within sewersheds. Specifically, this dissertation sought to 1) understand the sources of pollution and their connections with land use in the various subsections of watersheds; 2) to find a cost-effective way to surveil the spread of SARS-CoV-2 using wastewater surveillance; and 3) to understand the differences in wastewater surveillance between communities. Water quality monitoring using microbial source tracking (MST) was performed with a survey of five mixed-use watersheds in Michigan. Through the use of spatial clustering, it was found that temporal contamination was primarily driven by precipitation and its associated variables (e.g., streamflow, turbidity, overland flow), while spatial contamination is driven by land uses (e.g., septic tank density, tile drain proportions, and tillage). Additionally, porcine fecal contamination was more often correlated with nutrients in streams than either bovine or human contamination. The development of a cost-effective workflow for the detection and quantification of SARS-COV-2 in wastewater was undertaken. Wastewater from communities around Michigan were collected and analyzed along with viral surrogates for SARS-CoV-2 to investigate different workflow options. The Pseudomonas phage Phi6 was seeded in different wastewater matrices to test concentration and recovery by ultrafiltration-based method and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. The PEG method provided better virus recovery than the ultrafiltration-based methods as measured using RT-ddPCR. The comparison of two communities (A and B) wastewater results for SARS-CoV-2 analyzed against case data was undertaken. These results were significantly correlated with cases in both communities, but the level of correlation differed based on spatial (e.g., zipcode vs county level cases) and temporal (e.g., date of symptom(s) onset vs. the referral date for cases) resolution. Wastewater surveillance was more representative of higher spatial resolution (zipcode data) of cases in both communities. When examining the temporal resolution of the communities, community B's wastewater results were more closely tied to the onset of symptoms and not the case referral date.The ability to monitor indicators of pollution in watersheds and surveil etiological agents of disease in sewersheds provide non-intrusive methods for evaluating the potential risks and current burdens to community health. The first part of the work could be considered "downstream" monitoring identifying sources and potential exposures with the goal of reducing waterborne disease. While "upstream" monitoring was used for identifying the disease trends in the community and was focused on public health measures to prevent transmission. This project contributed novel methods, results and analysis providing valuable knowledge ultimately addressing the role of monitoring strategies to protect public health.
Book Synopsis Use of the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN and Bacterial Source Tracking for Development of the Fecal Coliform Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for Blacks Run, Rockingham County, Virginia by : Douglas L. Moyer
Download or read book Use of the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN and Bacterial Source Tracking for Development of the Fecal Coliform Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for Blacks Run, Rockingham County, Virginia written by Douglas L. Moyer and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing Human Fecal Contamination in a Mixed-Use Watershed Using Microbial Source Tracking by : Jonathan M. Honey
Download or read book Assessing Human Fecal Contamination in a Mixed-Use Watershed Using Microbial Source Tracking written by Jonathan M. Honey and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbial Source Tracking of Bacteroidales and Human Virus Monitoring in Calleguas Creek Watershed by : Beverly Jo Kildare
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking of Bacteroidales and Human Virus Monitoring in Calleguas Creek Watershed written by Beverly Jo Kildare and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Host Specific Microbial Source Tracking and Quantification Using a Partial 16SrRNA Sequence of Bacteroides on the Finley River, a Tributary of the James River in Southwest Missouri by : Neil J. Van Asch
Download or read book Host Specific Microbial Source Tracking and Quantification Using a Partial 16SrRNA Sequence of Bacteroides on the Finley River, a Tributary of the James River in Southwest Missouri written by Neil J. Van Asch and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial source tracking (MST) is a general term given to any process which aims to determine the source of microbial contamination found in an environmental (usually water) sample. These methods include both phenotypic and genotypic strategies. In this study, quantitative PCR was used to evaluate water samples for species specific (cow and human) Bacteroides in the Finley River. The Finley River is susceptible to impacts from both bovine and humans as it flows through farmland and urban areas. Water samples were collected from sites identified in a previous study that had high E. coli levels. Two samples were collected at each site (One sample for enumeration of E. coli and the other to assay for Bacteroides). Sampling was done approximately three times per month for one year. For each sampling event, pH, DO, turbidity, water temperature, flow rate, and rainfall were recorded. The results showed lower than expected cow markers throughout the sampling period; while human markers were much more prevalent than cow markers during the drier (and warmer) months. A correlation was found between human specific Bacteroides markers and E. coli at one site, but not at either of the other two sites. This method affords more informative surveillance data to area health departments so more appropriate remediation strategies can be developed.
Book Synopsis Workshop on Microbial Source Tracking in Water by : Paul A. Rochelle
Download or read book Workshop on Microbial Source Tracking in Water written by Paul A. Rochelle and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-07-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drinking water and wastewater industries are interested in developing a better understanding of sources of fecal contamination. Microbial source tracking (MST) offers the potential to apportion the contribution of various animal groups to this contamination. However, while there are many methods available there is no clear indication as to the most appropriate approach. There has been little systematic comparison of methods and only a few blind trials, and issues of reproducibility, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, resolution, and robustness need to be addressed. There is confusion among potential end-users and some disagreement among scientists. Therefore, due to the uncertainty surrounding the most appropriate tools and applications of MST, a workshop of 45 experts representing water and wastewater utilities, academia, state and federal government agencies, medical institutions, and private laboratories was convened in San Antonio, Texas over a three-day period (February 16 – 18, 2005). The overall objective of the workshop was to identify the knowledge gaps and research needs for application of MST technologies by the wastewater and drinking water industries.
Book Synopsis Microbial Source Tracking of Human and Animal Waste Pollution of Diverse Watersheds and of Urban Drainage Systems Using Molecular Methods by : Michael O'Neil Ryan
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking of Human and Animal Waste Pollution of Diverse Watersheds and of Urban Drainage Systems Using Molecular Methods written by Michael O'Neil Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advisors: Prof. Charles N. Haas. L.D. Betz.
Book Synopsis Microbial Source Tracking by : Natsuko N. Merrick
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Natsuko N. Merrick and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular based, quantitative PCR assay was compared with the traditional viable E. coli count assay and a significant (P
Book Synopsis Discrimination of Human and Non-human Fecal Sources with Rapid Methods in Coastal Waters and Sediments by : Amity Gayle Zimmer-Faust
Download or read book Discrimination of Human and Non-human Fecal Sources with Rapid Methods in Coastal Waters and Sediments written by Amity Gayle Zimmer-Faust and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial contamination in coastal waters is an important public health and economic problem worldwide. It is common for the sources as well as the environmental fate and transport of fecal contamination in recreational waters to be unknown making it difficult to mitigate the input and to understand the relative health risk associated with a given water body. A comprehensive understanding of sources and bacterial dynamics is needed for effective mitigation and management of microbial contaminants. The main objectives of this study were to identify sources of fecal contamination to a chronically impaired Southern California watershed, to demonstrate applicability of microbial source tracking (MST) tools, including source-specific markers for discrimination of human and non-human sources, to evaluate the fate of fecal contaminates in coastal sediments, and to develop and optimize immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (IMS/ATP) assays for rapid enumeration of viable fecal contamination. A three-year MST study was conducted to help explain elevated levels of surfzone fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) at Topanga State Beach, a critically impaired Southern California Beach. This study investigated sources of FIB to the Topanga watershed and the applicability of using MST technology longer time scales. MST markers effectively elucidated temporal and seasonal trends in fecal bacterial levels, and dog and gull marker appeared to be a significant sources to Topanga lagoon and Topanga State Beach. However, a lack of correlation between FIB and marker measurements was noted, and dog marker and FIB levels did not covary when compared at different Southern California beaches. Sediments were found to play an important and variable role in environmental fate of MST markers and FIB. Variable decay was observed for different indicators and in different sediments, with differences noted even within one watershed. The human HF183 marker was useful for providing evidence of recent inputs of human fecal contamination and behaved similarly to the molecular marker for Campylobacter (qCAMP) and FIB in brackish sediments. The general Bacteroides (GB3) and enterococci (ENT1A) markers were more conservative and under certain circumstances had comparable decay to culturable FIB. Application of a suite of markers may be necessary for effective evaluation of sediment fecal bacterial levels. Moreover, differences were observed between relative decay amongst the different sediments tested, illustrating the need for more routine sediment monitoring. IMS/ATP assays provided useful information regarding fecal contamination levels and measurements made had a consistent relationship with measurements made by standard methods. IMS/ATP utilizes paramagnetic beds and target-specific antibodies to isolate target organisms. Following isolation, adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) is extracted from the target population and quantified. The Cov-IMS/ATP method rapidly measured viable enterococci in complex surface waters, providing a useful eld tool for assessment of coastal water quality and for identi cation of hot spots of fecal contamination. An inversely-coupled (Inv-IMS/ATP) assay for detection of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was developed and applied for rapid detection of human-associated fecal contamination. The Inv-IMS/ATP assay yielded measurements of viable B. thetaiotaomicron that were comparable to the HF183 human marker in complex source waters impacted with both wastewater and runoff, and the Inv-IMS/ATP assay was able to effectively differentiate between surface waters impacted with adequately and inadequately treated wastewater. IMS/ATP assays show promise for rapid evaluation of recreational water quality in areas where access to more expensive methods is limited and in areas where water quality is unpredictable. This research highlights the difficulties and complexities associated with effective tracking and management of microbial contaminates in the coastal environment. Additional research evaluating relative aging of molecular markers and relative contributions from different sources is needed to fully interpret field-based source marker data. Sediments were shown to have an important and variable role in fate of fecal contaminants in the environment. Additional studies are needed evaluating how watershed models can most effectively be adapted to include a sediment compartment and how different sources of fecal contamination and source markers decay in sediments with variable characteristics. IMS/ATP assays showed promise and can be successfully applied in complex waters for rapid enumeration of viable fecal contamination; additional verification of assay performance is needed at complex sites impacted with multiple sources.
Book Synopsis Palmer River Microbial Source Tracking Study by : Environmental Science Services, Inc
Download or read book Palmer River Microbial Source Tracking Study written by Environmental Science Services, Inc and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbial Source Tracking by : Thomas B. Atherholt
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Thomas B. Atherholt and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Focus on Microbial Source Tracking by : Environmental Assessment Program (Wash.)
Download or read book Focus on Microbial Source Tracking written by Environmental Assessment Program (Wash.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
