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Metal Oxide Nanoparticles For Contrast Enhancement In Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Contrast Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Maria Ahrén
Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Contrast Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Maria Ahrén and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Den här avhandlingen handlar om design och utveckling av nanopartiklar med ändamålet att producera ett nytt lovande kontrastmedel för magnetresonanstomografi (MRT). En nanopartikel är per definition en mycket liten partikel med en diameter i storleksordningen mindre än 100 nm. Den lilla storleken hos nanopartiklar får till följd att partikelns yta är mycket stor i förhållande till partikelns volym och det påverkar i högsta grad egenskaperna för materialet. Såväl de elektriska, magnetiska och optiska egenskaperna förändras och nanopartiklars unika karaktärer utnyttjas i en rad applikationer och i både medicinska och tekniska produkter.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biosensing and Medicine by : Nicholas J. Darton
Download or read book Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biosensing and Medicine written by Nicholas J. Darton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing together topics from a wide range of disciplines, and featuring up-to-date examples of clinical usage and research applications, this text provides a comprehensive insight into the fundamentals of magnetic biosensors and the applications of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging by :
Download or read book Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the development of novel formulations on the basis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Optimization of the synthesis route resulted in the development of particles meeting general requirements for eventual applications. Furthermore, the selection of appropriate stabilizing agents imparted the nanoparticles with beneficial features, making an in vivo application possible. In doing so, the formulations seem to be especially promising for the application as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Chapter 1 gives a brief insight into current research in the field of magnetic nanoparticles. While the originally promoted idea of dragging nanoparticles to the site of action by a massive external field is becoming less important, the use of magnetic carriers as single and multifunctional imaging agents is gaining in importance. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with optimal properties for MRI contrast enhancement and the comparative assessment of polymeric macromolecules as stabilizers for such nanoparticles. It was revealed that particles covered by poly(ethylene imine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) performed better than their poly(ethylene imine) counterparts, in terms of stability and cytotoxicity. The systems containing the former polymer showed pronounced colloidal stability even in protein-rich cell media. In addition, cytotoxicity was reduced by more than an order of magnitude. In this respect, the assumptions made in the run-up to the studies have found confirmation. Indeed, the introduction of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) moieties to the polymer backbone positively manipulated the above properties. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the generated iron oxide nanoparticles were found to be excellent, despite the simplicity of the synthesis procedure. The iron oxide cores displayed high crystallinity, high saturation magnetization and superparamagnetic features. The polymer-coated nanopartic.
Book Synopsis Metal-Oxo Containing Polymer Nanobeads As Potential Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Michele Huelar Pablico
Download or read book Metal-Oxo Containing Polymer Nanobeads As Potential Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Michele Huelar Pablico and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most common MRI contrast agents that are in clinical use today are gadolinium chelates and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, both of which have their own advantages in terms of contrast enhancement properties. In the past few years, however, there has been interest in utilizing metal-containing clusters for MRI contrast enhancement as these materials bridge the gap between the constrained structure and magnetic properties of the gadolinium chelates with the superparamagnetic behavior of the iron oxide nanoparticles. Recently, metallic clusters containing Mn and Fe metal centers have received increased attention mainly because of their potential for high spin states and benign nature.
Book Synopsis Surface-modified Nanobiomaterials for Electrochemical and Biomedicine Applications by : Alain R. Puente-Santiago
Download or read book Surface-modified Nanobiomaterials for Electrochemical and Biomedicine Applications written by Alain R. Puente-Santiago and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
Book Synopsis Surface Modifications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Imaging and Diagnosis by : Juanye Zhang
Download or read book Surface Modifications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Imaging and Diagnosis written by Juanye Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrast agents are commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for their ability to selectively highlight or darken image brightness from different tissue components depending on their chemical nature. This work explores and discusses potential of colloidal iron oxide nanoparticles as non-toxic MRI contrast agents for diagnosis. Novel single-nanometer iron oxide (SNIO) nanoparticles exhibited contrast enhancement in T1-weighted MRI superior than commercially used gadolinium-based contrast agents, with unprecedentedly fast and clean renal clearance in inorganic colloidal nanoparticles. An approach for size determination based on small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was developed, and understanding of particle size distribution led to successful development of alkyne-functionalized nanoparticles allowing for conjugation with biological cargos, creating a novel vehicle for drug delivery. SNIO-CBP, product from conjugating functionalized SNIO nanoparticles with a nature-inspired cyclic collagen-binding peptide (CBP) through newly developed preparatory copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide coupling CuAAC, exhibited binding affinity towards type I collagen, a natural indicator of fibrosis abundant in the extracellular matrix. SNIO-CBP was able to quickly detect hepatotoxin-induced and diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice through T1-weighted MRI upon intravenous administration. New formulations of hydrophilic iron oxide nanoparticles were explored. Tailored for quantitative ultra-short time-to-echo contrast-enhanced (QUTE-CE) MRI, catechol-coated iron oxide with 10 nm mean diameter was optimized; carboxymethyl dextran as a new ligand system was developed on SNIO and formation of nanoparticle clusters was observed, implying its potential for the emergent preclinical technique of magnetic particle imaging (MPI).
Book Synopsis Peptide Coordinated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhance Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Samuel Ajamu
Download or read book Peptide Coordinated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhance Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Samuel Ajamu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current technologies at our disposal for diagnostic imaging consist of CT, X-Rays, Ultrasound, PET, and MRI. Among all of these imaging modalities, MRI is one of the most versatile and detailed instruments for imaging internal organs. It is exceptional because it provides clear differences in abnormal and normal tissues and it does not subject patients to x-rays that could be harmful with repetitive use. This thesis will explore a peptide-based material to enhance the capacity of MRI imaging but specifically to cancer tissue. The material is a peptide- based colloidal material that enables the magnetic resonance imaging of cancer cell. The colloidal material will consist of iron oxide particles and metal- chelating peptide that holds the structure together. This peptide and iron oxide colloid will serve as a contrast agent that are controlled to a specific size to ensure that they utilize a phenomenon in cancer tissue called enhanced permeability and retention effect. Overall, the purpose of this thesis is to obtain a better understanding of how peptide can be used for imaging materials. The anticipated outcome of this process will be to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on the effectiveness of the uptake of the peptide chelated iron oxide particles. This aimed to verify the production of the iron- oxide contrast agent and the ability to control their size with a high affinity peptide. The data for effective uptake will be taken using Dynamic Light Scattering. This will be done using controls as a way of quantifying the effects of the peptide on the size of the iron oxide particles. Additionally the effectiveness of the nanoparticles will be measured using MRI to view the magnetic effects of the contrast agents. This will be done on just the particles to see if they retain their magnetic properties. The collective data as a whole will show the way a novel contrast agent passively targeting cancer cells can be produced.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine by : Costica Caizer
Download or read book Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine written by Costica Caizer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine Explores the application of magnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and alternative cancer therapy Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine addresses recent progress in improving diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and using non-invasive and non-toxic magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia. Focusing on cancer diagnosis and alternative therapy, the book covers both fundamental principles and advanced theoretical and experimental research on the magnetic properties, biocompatibilization, biofunctionalization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Chapters written by a panel of international specialists in the field of magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine cover magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), MRI contrast agents, biomedical imaging, modeling and simulation, nanobiotechnology, toxicity issues, and more. Readers are provided with accurate information on the use of magnetic nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery, and alternative cancer therapeutics—featuring discussion of current problems, proposed solutions, and future research directions. Topics include current applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in nanomedicine and alternative cancer therapy: drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, superparamagnetic hyperthermia as alternative cancer therapy, magnetic hyperthermia in clinical trials, and simulating the physics of magnetic particle heating for cancer therapy. This comprehensive volume: Covers both general research on magnetic nanoparticles in medicine and specific applications in cancer therapeutics Discusses the use of magnetic nanoparticles in alternative cancer therapy by magnetic and superparamagnetic hyperthermia Explores targeted medication delivery using magnetic nanoparticles as a future replacement of conventional techniques Reviews the use of MRI with magnetic nanoparticles to increase the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of nanomagnetism, magnetic nanoparticles, nanobiomaterials, nanobioengineering, biopharmaceuticals nanobiotechnologies, nanomedicine, and biopharmaceuticals, particularly those focused on alternative cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
Book Synopsis Smart Tools for Smart Applications by : Francesca Garello
Download or read book Smart Tools for Smart Applications written by Francesca Garello and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, micro- and nanosystems with magnetic properties have been extensively investigated in many fields, ranging from physics to medicine. The research in these areas has lately shown that if the magnetic compounds are opportunely functionalized and modified with moieties and specific functional groups, a plethora of challenging multidisciplinary applications is available, including the development of magnetically controlled particles, stimuli-responsive materials, magnetically guided chemical/drug-delivery systems, sensors, spintronics, separation and purification of contaminated groundwater and soils, ferrofluids and magnetorheological fluids, contrast agents for MRI, and internal sources of heat for the thermoablation of cancer. Magnetic compounds have been found to be highly selective and effective in all these application fields, from the molecular level to the microscale. This book aims at underlining the latest advances in the field of magnetic compounds, nanosystems, and materials, covering a large variety of topics related to novel synthesis and functionalization methods and the properties, applications, and use of magnetic systems in chemistry, materials science, diagnostics, and medical therapy.
Book Synopsis Gas-phase Synthesis of Gadolinium Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents by : Pooja Chakrabarty
Download or read book Gas-phase Synthesis of Gadolinium Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents written by Pooja Chakrabarty and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gadolinium ions are the paramagnetic component of the most common intravenous contrast agents for medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Because gadolinium ions are toxic, these MRI contrast agents include chelating agents that bind the gadolinium ion strongly. Five such agents are FDA approved. Unfortunately, all of them are the subject of recent FDA rulings that impose new labeling requirements, due to patients with severely impaired kidneys developing a rare but potentially fatal disease called Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis, which is linked to gadolinium exposure. Pure gadolinium or gadolinium oxide nanoparticles, with proper encapsulation, may provide a safer and equally or more effective alternative to chelated gadolinium ions in this application. The High Temperature Reducing Jet (HTRJ) process is a novel flame based aerosol synthesis method that can produce metal nanoparticles with a thin carbon coating in a single step. Carbon-coated gadolinium and gadolinium oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized in this reactor system. The surface of these nanoparticles was modified with dextran and other biocompatible molecules to enable their dispersion in water and biological media. The resulting nanoconstructs were characterized by TEM, SEM/EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, and DSC. Most importantly, their T1 relaxivity was measured to determine their potential for use in MRI contrast enhancement. Sensitive colorimetric chemical assays for gadolinium ions were used to monitor release of gadolinium ions. The High Temperature Reducing Jet (HTRJ) reactor system may also be able to produce low reduction potential metal nanoparticles. Magnesium-containing nanoparticles were synthesized in order to be used as a master comparison with the gadolinium-containing nanoparticles. The resulting metal and metal oxide particles were characterized by TEM, SEM/EDS, and XRD and their size, morphology, chemical composition, and stability were compared against the gadolinium nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Christoph Schweiger
Download or read book Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Christoph Schweiger and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Applications of Theranostic Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Richard Aaron Revia
Download or read book Applications of Theranostic Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Richard Aaron Revia and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in materials science that have allowed for the engineering of nanoscale structures represent a revolutionary paradigm shift for the detection and remediation of diseases such as cancer. Worldwide research efforts are currently leveraging the tools of nanotechnology to aid the fight against cancer by developing novel material architectures that are designed to provide quicker diagnoses of disease at earlier time points than are currently available and improved therapeutic responses by efficiently killing cancer tissue while minimizing off-target side effects. One nanotechnology in particular, iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), has received intense interest due to its many beneficial attributes: biodegradability, chemical surface properties, and superparamagnetism. Unlike other metal-core NPs, iron oxide NPs are nontoxic when decomposed and prepared for excretion by the body as the iron in their cores may be used by the body in iron-containing proteins (e.g., hemoglobin and ferritin). Additionally, the chemical composition of iron oxide lends itself for use in chemical passivation techniques that seek to coat the iron oxide cores in polymers that confer advantageous qualities of biocompatibility and ligation of functional moieties. Finally, the magnetic properties of iron oxide particles of nanoscale proportions allow the NPs to serve as contrast enhancing agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a tool that is widely used to image the soft tissue of the body for cancer detection. This dissertation details the use of iron oxide NPs as contrast agents for MRI and as therapeutic agents targeting an insidiously aggressive brain cancer: glioblastoma. First, noninvasive MRI is used to determine the biodistribution of iron oxide NPs in both mice and nonhuman primates in a first-of-its-kind, cross-species comparison of iron oxide NP pharmacokinetics. It was found that the pharmacokinetics of iron oxide NPs between the two species were similar in some organs (i.e., blood, liver, spleen, and muscle) but distinct in others (i.e., kidneys, brain, and bone marrow). Next, iron oxide NPs are directly delivered to brain tumors in mice via convection-enhanced delivery (CED), and their distribution throughout the tumor volume is tracked in real-time using MRI. The distribution of iron oxide NPs ligated with a glioblastoma-targeting peptide, chlorotoxin, is compared to the distribution of bare NPs; results show that NPs attached to chlorotoxin are better able to suffuse throughout the tumor volume than NPs lacking the tumor-targeting moiety. Following these research efforts that display the ability of iron oxide NPs to serve as contrast agents in MRI, a therapeutic example of iron oxide NPs in oncology is provided as these NPs are used to enhance the radiation dose delivered to mice-bearing orthotopic glioblastoma tumors. Mice treated with NPs prior to receiving radiotherapy exhibited a 2-fold increase in median survival compared to mice receiving only radiotherapy. Finally, a novel nanotechnology platform, boron-doped graphene quantum dots, is explored for use as a nontoxic MRI contrast agents.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Particle Imaging by : Tobias Knopp
Download or read book Magnetic Particle Imaging written by Tobias Knopp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a novel imaging modality. Using various static and oscillating magnetic fields, and tracer materials made from iron oxide nanoparticles, MPI can perform background-free measurements of the particles’ local concentration. The method exploits the nonlinear remagnetization behavior of the particles and has the potential to surpass current methods for the detection of iron oxide in terms of sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Starting from an introduction to the technology, the topics addressed include setting up an imaging device, assessment of image quality, development of new MPI tracer materials, and the first preclinical results. This is the first book to be published on magnetic particle imaging, and it will be an invaluable source of information for everyone with an interest in this exciting new modality.
Book Synopsis Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Gadolinium Integration by : Peter Eriksson
Download or read book Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Gadolinium Integration written by Peter Eriksson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A challenging task, in the area of magnetic resonance imaging is to develop contrast enhancers with built-in antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the onset and progression of several serious conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and the possibility to use cerium-contained nanoparticles to modulate such inflammatory response has gained a lot of interest lately. The rare earth element gadolinium is, due to its seven unpaired f-electrons and high symmetry of the electronic state, a powerful element for contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging. Chelates based on gadolinium are the most commonly used contrast agents worldwide. When introducing external contrast agents there is always a risk that it may trigger inflammatory responses, why there is an urgent need for new, tailor-made contrast agents. Small sized cerium oxide nanoparticles have electronic structures that allows coexistence of oxidation states 3+ and 4+ of cerium, which correlates to applicable redox reactions in biomedicine. Such cerium oxide nanoparticles have recently shown to exhibit antioxidant properties both in vitro and in vivo, via the mechanisms involving enzyme mimicking activity. This PhD project is a comprehensive investigation of cerium oxide nanoparticles as scaffold materials for gadolinium integration. Gadolinium is well adopted into the crystal structure of cerium oxide, enabling the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic properties into a single nanoparticle. The main focus of this thesis project is to design cerium oxide nanoparticles with gadolinium integration. A stepwise approach was employed as follows: 1) synthesis with controlled integration of gadolinium, 2) material characterization by means of composition crystal structure, size, and size distribution and 3) surface modification for stabilization. The obtained nanoparticles exhibit remarkable antioxidant capability in vitro and in vivo. They deliver strongly enhanced contrast per gadolinium in magnetic resonance imaging, compared to commercially available contrast agents. A soft shell of dextran is introduced to encapsulate the cerium oxide nanoparticles with integrated gadolinium, which protects and stabilizes the hard core and to increases their biocompatibility. The dextran-coating is clearly shown to reduce formation of a protein corona and it improves the dispersibility of the nanoparticles in cell media. Functionalization strategies are currently being studied to endow these nanoparticles with specific tags for targeting purposes. This will enable guidance of the nanoparticles to a specific tissue, for high local magnetic resonance contrast complemented with properties for on-site reduced inflammation. In conclusion, our cerium oxide nanoparticles with integrated gadolinium, exhibit combined therapeutic and diagnostic, i.e. theragnostic capabilities. This type of nanomaterial is highly promising for applications in the field of biomedical imaging.
Book Synopsis Green Nanoparticles by : Jayanta Kumar Patra
Download or read book Green Nanoparticles written by Jayanta Kumar Patra and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is the application of science to control matter at the molecular level. It has become one of the most promising applied technologies in all areas of science. Nanoparticles have multi-functional properties and have created very interesting applications in various fields such as medicine, nutrition, bioenergy, agriculture and the environment. But the biogenic syntheses of monodispersed nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes have been a challenge in biomaterial science. Nanoparticles are of great interest due to their extremely small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, which lead to both chemical and physical differences in their properties (e.g., mechanical properties, biological and sterical properties, catalytic activity, thermal and electrical conductivity, optical absorption and melting point) compared to bulk of the same chemical composition. Recently, however, synthesizing metal nanoparticles using green technology via microorganisms, plants, viruses, and so on, has been extensively studied and has become recognized as a green and efficient way for further exploiting biological systems as convenient nanofactories. Thus the biological synthesis of nanoparticles is increasingly regarded as a rapid, ecofriendly, and easily scaled-up technology. Today researchers are developing new techniques and materials using nanotechnology that may be suitable for plants to boost their native functions. Recently, biological nanoparticles were found to be more pharmacologically active than physico-chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Various applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles have been discovered, especially in the field of biomedical research, such as applications to specific delivery of drugs, use for tumor detection, angiogenesis, genetic disease and genetic disorder diagnosis, photoimaging, and photothermal therapy. Further, iron oxide nanoparticles have been applied to cancer therapy, hyperthermia, drug delivery, tissue repair, cell labeling, targeting and immunoassays, detoxification of biological fluids, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetically responsive drug delivery therapy. Nanoparticle synthesis for plant byproducts for biomedical applications has vast potential. This book offers researchers in plant science and biomedicine the latest research and opportunity to develop new tools for the synthesis of environmentally friendly and cost-effective nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine as well as other various fields.
Book Synopsis Stealth Nanoparticles for Preclinical X-rays Imaging and Multimodal X-rays/MRI (magnetic Resonance Imaging) Imaging by : Justine Wallyn
Download or read book Stealth Nanoparticles for Preclinical X-rays Imaging and Multimodal X-rays/MRI (magnetic Resonance Imaging) Imaging written by Justine Wallyn and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical imaging is nowadays an essential tool to establish a diagnosis by means of observation of tissues and biological fluids. Combination of imaging instrument with contrast enhancers is a key to obtain clear delineation of a desired tissue by accumulation of a contrast agent into this specific target. The two main imagers are the X-ray scanner and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).These imagers are frequently used in conjuncture. Typically, small hydrosoluble iodinated molecules are used as contrasting material for radiography whereas MRI involves magnetic materials like iron oxide nanoparticles. In this work, we proposed two novel contrast agents, the first one was aiming to form an alternative to iodinated contrast agents suffering from fast excretion and causing renal toxicity whereas the second one was aiming at providing bimodal contrasting ability to facilitate access to bimodal imaging procedure in clinics. In the first case, iodinated polymeric nanoparticles, serving for preclinical X-ray imaging were formulated by nanoprecipitation technique. Parameters of formulation were elucidated to provide nanoparticles with size distribution suitable for in vivo administration and high iodine content for contrast enhancement. In vivo study revealed the efficacy of our nanoparticles to clearly visualize liver and spleen and limiting current issues associated with marketed radiopaque contrast agents. The second work achieved was aiming at formulating bimodal lipids-based nanocarriers capable of yielding contrast enhancement for X-ray imaging and MRI by combining iodinated oil and iron oxide nanoparticles within a nano-emulsion core. This would provide bimodal nanoparticulate platform to carry out fast and efficient dual modal imaging procedures. In this context we succeeded to generate efficient dual modal contrast agent yielding clear visualization of liver and kidney by MRI and liver and spleen by X-ray imaging. Pharmacokinetic profile was so determined thanks to bimodal imaging. Using MRI allowed to show that kidneys eliminated a fraction of the dose whereas X-ray imaging confirmed that both tissues, liver and spleen, were passively targeted. These two studies proposed solutions limiting current issues of radiopaque contrast agents and novel formulations to facilitate bimodal imaging for soft tissues imaging.
Book Synopsis Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications by : Sophie Laurent
Download or read book Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications written by Sophie Laurent and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Synthesis, Functionalization and Application begins with several chapters covering the synthesis, stabilization, physico-chemical characterization and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles. The second part of the book outlines the various biomedical imaging applications that currently take advantage of the magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles. Brief attention is given to potential iron oxide based therapies, while the final chapter covers nanocytotoxicity, which is a key concern wherever exposure to nanomaterials might occur. This comprehensive book is an essential reference for all those academics and professionals who require thorough knowledge of recent and future developments in the role of iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedicine. Unlocks the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles to transform diagnostic imaging techniques Contains full coverage of new developments and recent research, making this essential reading for researchers and engineers alike Explains the synthesis, processing and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles with a view to their use in biomedicine
