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Metal Hydride Based Isotope Separation
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Book Synopsis Startup and Operation of a Metal Hydride Based Isotope Separation Process by :
Download or read book Startup and Operation of a Metal Hydride Based Isotope Separation Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production scale separation of tritium from other hydrogen isotopes at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, SC, has been accomplished by several methods. These methods include thermal diffusion (1957--1986), fractional absorption (1964--1968), and cryogenic distillation (1967-present). Most recently, the Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (TCAP), a metal hydride based hydrogen isotope separation system, began production in the Replacement Tritium Facility (RTF) on April 9, 1994. TCAP has been in development at the Savannah River Technology Center since 1980. The production startup of this semi-continuous gas chromatographic separation process is a significant accomplishment for the Savannah River Site and was achieved after years of design, development, and testing.
Book Synopsis Metal Hydride Based Isotope Separation by :
Download or read book Metal Hydride Based Isotope Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A program to develop a metal hydride based hydrogen isotope separation process began at the Savannah River Laboratory in 1980. This semi-continuous gas chromatographic separation process will be used in new tritium facilities at the Savannah River Site. A tritium production unit is scheduled to start operation in 1993. An experimental, large-scale unit is currently being tested using protium and deuterium. Operation of the large-scale unit has demonstrated separation of mixed hydrogen isotopes (55% protium and 45% deuterium), resulting in protium and deuterium product streams with purities better than 99.5%. 3 refs., 4 figs.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Isotope Exchange in Metal Hydride Columns by :
Download or read book Hydrogen Isotope Exchange in Metal Hydride Columns written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several metal hydrides were shown to act as chromatographic media for hydrogen isotopes. The procedure was to equilibrate a column of hydride with flowing hydrogen, inject a small quantity of tritium tracer, and observe its elution behavior. Characteristic retention times were found. From these and the extent of widening of the tritium band, the heights equivalent to a theoretical plate could be calculated. Values of around 1 cm were obtained. The following are the metals whose hydrides were studied, together with the temperature ranges in which chromatographic behavior was observed: vanadium, 0 to 70°C; zirconium, 500 to 600°C; LaNi5, -78 to +30°C; Mg2Ni, 300 to 375°C; palladium, 0 to 70°C. A dual-temperature isotope separation process based on hydride chromatography was demonstrated. In this, a column was caused to cycle between two temperatures while being supplied with a constant stream of tritium-traced hydrogen. Each half-cycle was continued until ''breakthrough, '' i.e., until the tritium concentration in the effluent was the same as that in the feed. Up to that point, the effluent was enriched or depleted in tritium, by up to 20%.
Book Synopsis Cascades for Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using Metal Hydrides by :
Download or read book Cascades for Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using Metal Hydrides written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designs are presented for continuous countercurrent hydrogen isotope separation cascades based on the use of metal hydrides. The cascades are made up of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or temperature swing adsorption (TSA) stages. The designs were evolved from consideration of previously conducted studies of the separation performance of four types of PSA and TSA processes.
Book Synopsis Tritium Separation Using Metal Hydrides by :
Download or read book Tritium Separation Using Metal Hydrides written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses some of the metal hydride and intermetallic compounds which readily absorb the hydrogen gas by a simple contact to form metal hydrides. Metal hydrides have several important properties for the hydrogen isotope separation.
Book Synopsis Metal Hydride Compacts for Hydrogen Isotope Separation by :
Download or read book Metal Hydride Compacts for Hydrogen Isotope Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A column packed with pellets of copper plated LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} has been evaluated for its separation efficiency using a displacement method. Deuterium breakthrough curves were produced experimentally and compared with those calculated with a stage model. The height equivalent to a theoretical plate was attained and its dependence on temperature and gas flow rate was established. 6 refs., 4 figs.
Book Synopsis Interaction of Hydrogen Isotopes with Transition Metals and Intermetallic Compounds by : B.M. Andreev
Download or read book Interaction of Hydrogen Isotopes with Transition Metals and Intermetallic Compounds written by B.M. Andreev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying the interactions between heavy hydrogen isotopes and hydride forming metals or intermetallic compounds (IMC) is of importance for both fundamental and applied sciences. These systems offer, for example, the possibility of technical hydrogen isotope separation due to their considerable isotope effects. In addition, quite a lot of problems of hydrogen recovery, hydrogen purification, and tritium storage can be solved. This review deals with theoretical aspects of the interaction of heavy hydrogen isotopes with metals and IMC, and contains detailed information on phase and isotopic equilibrium and of the kinetics of isotope exchange in systems with hydride phases. Numerical data and results from theoretical and experimental studies are presented as well.
Book Synopsis Cascades for Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using Metal Hydrides by :
Download or read book Cascades for Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using Metal Hydrides written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Helium and Hydrogen Isotope Adsorption and Separation in Metal-Organic Frameworks by : Ingrid Zaiser
Download or read book Helium and Hydrogen Isotope Adsorption and Separation in Metal-Organic Frameworks written by Ingrid Zaiser and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The separation of isotopes has always been a challenge because of their identical size, shape and thermodynamic properties. Nowadays, the extraction of deuterium is performed e.g. by the Girdler Sulfid process or cryogenic distillation, which lead to low separation factors (below 2.5) in combination with high energy costs. The standard way to produce helium-3 is to skim it as a byproduct of the radioactive tritium decay. In this thesis, two alternative approaches have been investigated for the separation of light isotopes, Quantum Sieving and Chemical Affinity Sieving . While Quantum Sieving is based on confinement in small pores, Chemical Affinity Sieving relies on strong adsorption sites. Both methods use the mass difference of the isotopes, which is related to their zero-point energy. The microporous metal-organic frameworks are excellent candidates for studying these quantum effects due to their well-defined pore structure and the possibility to introduce strong adsorption sites directly into the framework. The samples have been exposed to an isotope mixture and the adsorbed quantity of each isotope was detected by low-temperature thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The ratio of the desorbed amount of the isotopes leads directly to the selectivity (separation factor). The selectivity is determined as a function of exposure time and temperature and exhibits the highest value of 25 observed for hydrogen isotopes at temperatures well above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.
Book Synopsis The Theory of Isotope Separation as Applied to the Large Scale Production of U235 by : Karl Cohen
Download or read book The Theory of Isotope Separation as Applied to the Large Scale Production of U235 written by Karl Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2015-03-07 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotope separation is the process of concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element by removing other isotopes. The use of the nuclides produced is various. The largest variety is used in research (e.g. in chemistry where atoms of "marker" nuclide are used to figure out reaction mechanisms). By tonnage, separating natural uranium into enriched uranium and depleted uranium is the largest application. In the following text, mainly the uranium enrichment is considered. This process is a crucial one in the manufacture of uranium fuel for nuclear power stations, and is also required for the creation of uranium based nuclear weapons. Plutonium-based weapons use plutonium produced in a nuclear reactor, which must be operated in such a way as to produce plutonium already of suitable isotopic mix or grade. While different chemical elements can be purified through chemical processes, isotopes of the same element have nearly identical chemical properties, which makes this type of separation impractical, except for separation of deuterium. There are three types of isotope separation techniques: Those based directly on the atomic weight of the isotope. Those based on the small differences in chemical reaction rates produced by different atomic weights. Those based on properties not directly connected to atomic weight, such as nuclear resonances. The third type of separation is still experimental; practical separation techniques all depend in some way on the atomic mass. It is therefore generally easier to separate isotopes with a larger relative mass difference. For example deuterium has twice the mass of ordinary (light) hydrogen and it is generally easier to purify it than to separate uranium-235 from the more common uranium-238. On the other extreme, separation of fissile plutonium-239 from the common impurity plutonium-240, while desirable in that it would allow the creation of gun-type nuclear weapons from plutonium, is generally agreed to be impractical.
Book Synopsis Isotope Separation by : Stelio Villani
Download or read book Isotope Separation written by Stelio Villani and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Isotope Separation and Isotope Exchange by :
Download or read book Isotope Separation and Isotope Exchange written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Separation of Isotopes of Biogenic Elements in Two-phase Systems by : Boris Mikhailovich Andreev
Download or read book Separation of Isotopes of Biogenic Elements in Two-phase Systems written by Boris Mikhailovich Andreev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation of Isotopes of Biogenic Elements provides a detailed overview of this area of research covering all aspects from the value of isotope effects to their practical use (equilibrium single-stage isotope effect - kinetics and mass transfer – multiplication of the single-stage isotope separation factor - technological peculiarity of processes) with the purpose of extraction from the natural mixture of the enriched and highly concentrated isotopes. In contrast to traditional books on the theory of isotope separation, the theoretical part of the book describes separation in two-phase processes in counter-flow columns. The experimental part of the book presents systematic analysis of specialists in the field of isotope separation in counter-flow columns. This book will be of interest to scientists, engineers and technical workers engaged in isotope separation processes and isotope application in nuclear physics, medicine, agro-chemistry, biology and other areas. This book may also be used in teaching theory and practical aspects in courses on physical chemistry and Isotope separation of light elements by physicochemical methods. * summarises current state of isotope research, especially biogenic elements* covering all aspects from the value of isotope effects to their practical use* of interest to scientists, engineers and technical workers engaged in isotope separation processes and isotope application
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Isotope Separation in Metal-Organic Frameworks by : Naiyuan Zhang
Download or read book Hydrogen Isotope Separation in Metal-Organic Frameworks written by Naiyuan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis we present our research on hydrogen isotope separation using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Deuterium is one of the two stable isotopes of hydrogen. Despite its wide range of application, currently there is no ideal industrial method that can separate deuterium in a fast and efficient fashion. MOFs are a class of porous materials consisting of metal ions or clusters connected by organic ligands. They have shown great potential in separating hydrogen isotopes via quantum sieving effect. In this thesis, we first provide background on two state-of-art MOFs, Co-MOF-74 and Cu(I)-MFU-4l. Then we elaborate on the statistical theory of selectivity, the mechanism of separation and the basic idea of mass spectrometry, which is the main analytical technique used in this project. We present temperature programmed desorption (TPD) spectra for both samples. Direct separation measurement is made with Co-MOF-74. We confirm that TPD spectra can predict the results of direct separation measurements. The TPD spectra of Cu(I)-MFU-4l predict a selectivity of approximately 6 at easily accessible temperatures (~260K). This shows the practicality of using Cu(I)-MFU-4l for hydrogen isotope separation. Preferential adsorption separation is also performed with Co-MOF-74. The extracted activation energy agrees to within 10% of literature predictions based on quantum zero point energy models.
Book Synopsis Gas Chromatographic Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes Using Metal Hydrides by :
Download or read book Gas Chromatographic Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes Using Metal Hydrides written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was made of the properties of metal hydrides which may be suitable for use in chromatographic separation of hydrogen isotopes. Sixty-five alloys were measured, with the best having a hydrogen-deuterium separation factor of 1.35 at 60°C. Chromatographic columns using these alloys produced deuterium enrichments of up to 3.6 in a single pass, using natural abundance hydrogen as starting material. 25 references, 16 figures, 4 tables.
Book Synopsis Tritium Technologies for Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors by : Alexander Perevezentsev
Download or read book Tritium Technologies for Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors written by Alexander Perevezentsev and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium Technologies for Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors summarizes the most recent research and practice in tritium technologies for the processing of hydrogen isotopes in fuel cycles. Authors Dr. Perevezentsev and Professor Rozenkevich combine their wealth of first-hand experience to present this comprehensive guide which promotes the best radiation protection practices and a more sustainable way to produce power in a thermonuclear reactor plant. Applicable to both magnetic and inertial confinements of plasma, this book covers tritium processing systems, tritium recovery from the plasma chamber, and various safety systems devoted to lessening the impact on the public and environment. The readers are also led through various modeling techniques, such as the separation of hydrogen isotopes, and the detritiation of liquid and gaseous streams in dynamic and steady state operation modes. This book is a practical guide which includes various case studies and examples which will help solidify the reader’s learning. It combines the latest research of tritium technologies with applications for fusion nuclear reactors, and includes solutions and directions for the resolution of various common challenges faced. Engineers, researchers, and students of tritium technologies, fusion energy, and nuclear power generation will gain a detailed and integrated understanding of how tritium can be used within a nuclear setting, for cleaner and more efficient power generation. Guides the reader through problem solving via step-by-step processes and models Includes case studies and examples throughout, from two of the most recognized experts in the field with firsthand knowledge of the subject Presents a comprehensive, practical reference on the tritium fuel cycle for fusion reactors
Book Synopsis Chemical Exchange as a Versatile Isotope Separation Process by : G. H. Clewett
Download or read book Chemical Exchange as a Versatile Isotope Separation Process written by G. H. Clewett and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
