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Memory Referencing Behavior And Cache Performance In A Shared Memory Multiprocessor
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Book Synopsis Memory Referencing Behavior and Cache Performance in a Shared Memory Multiprocessor by : David J. Lilja
Download or read book Memory Referencing Behavior and Cache Performance in a Shared Memory Multiprocessor written by David J. Lilja and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Also, the cache coherence problem further reduces the effectiveness of the caches as the number of processors is increased. A trace-driven simulator is used to show that when data prefetching is combined with a cache, the miss ratio is no longer a good metric for evaluating processor performance. The standard deviation of intermiss distance multiplied by the miss ratio is proposed as a new performance metric which accurately correlates with execution time."
Book Synopsis The Cache Coherence Problem in Shared-Memory Multiprocessors by : Igor Tartalja
Download or read book The Cache Coherence Problem in Shared-Memory Multiprocessors written by Igor Tartalja and published by Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press. This book was released on 1996-02-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book illustrates state-of-the-art software solutions for cache coherence maintenance in shared-memory multiprocessors. It begins with a brief overview of the cache coherence problem and introduces software solutions to the problem. The text defines and details static and dynamic software schemes, techniques for modeling performance evaluation mechanisms, and performance evaluation studies.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Block Size on the Performance of Coherent Caches in Shared-memory Multiprocessors by : University of Rochester. Department of Computer Science
Download or read book The Effects of Block Size on the Performance of Coherent Caches in Shared-memory Multiprocessors written by University of Rochester. Department of Computer Science and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conclude that adjusting the block size in response to reference behavior can significantly improve the performance of coherent caches, especially when there is variability in the granularity of sharing exhibited by applications."
Book Synopsis A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence by : Daniel Sorin
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Daniel Sorin and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-03-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies
Book Synopsis Cache and Interconnect Architectures in Multiprocessors by : Michel Dubois
Download or read book Cache and Interconnect Architectures in Multiprocessors written by Michel Dubois and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cache And Interconnect Architectures In Multiprocessors Eilat, Israel May 25-261989 Michel Dubois UniversityofSouthernCalifornia Shreekant S. Thakkar SequentComputerSystems The aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers working on cache coherence protocols for shared-memory multiprocessors with various interconnect architectures. Shared-memory multiprocessors have become viable systems for many applications. Bus based shared-memory systems (Eg. Sequent's Symmetry, Encore's Multimax) are currently limited to 32 processors. The fIrst goal of the workshop was to learn about the performance ofapplications on current cache-based systems. The second goal was to learn about new network architectures and protocols for future scalable systems. These protocols and interconnects would allow shared-memory architectures to scale beyond current imitations. The workshop had 20 speakers who talked about their current research. The discussions were lively and cordial enough to keep the participants away from the wonderful sand and sun for two days. The participants got to know each other well and were able to share their thoughts in an informal manner. The workshop was organized into several sessions. The summary of each session is described below. This book presents revisions of some of the papers presented at the workshop.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Block Size on the Performance of Coherent Caches in Shared-memory Multiprocessors by : University of Rochester. Dept. of Computer Science
Download or read book The Effects of Block Size on the Performance of Coherent Caches in Shared-memory Multiprocessors written by University of Rochester. Dept. of Computer Science and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence by : Vijay Nagarajan
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Vijay Nagarajan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
Book Synopsis Design Considerations for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Message Systems by : Nayeem Islam
Download or read book Design Considerations for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Message Systems written by Nayeem Islam and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design alternatives considered are buffering, buffer organization, reference and value semantics, synchronization, coordination strategy, and the location of the system in user or kernel space. The results include measurements of the effects of the design alternatives, memory caching, message sizes, copying, and gang scheduling. Our conclusions are a set of recommendations for improving the performance of message passing systems on a shared memory multiprocessor."
Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of High Performance Cache Memories for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems by : Gunjan K. Sinha
Download or read book Design and Analysis of High Performance Cache Memories for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems written by Gunjan K. Sinha and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence, Second Edition by : Vijay Nagarajan
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence, Second Edition written by Vijay Nagarajan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
Book Synopsis Cache Design and Performance in a Large-scale Shared-memory Multiprocessor System by : Yung-Chin Chen
Download or read book Cache Design and Performance in a Large-scale Shared-memory Multiprocessor System written by Yung-Chin Chen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cache Memory Design and Performance Issues in Shared-memory Multiprocessors by : Farnaz Mounes-Toussi
Download or read book Cache Memory Design and Performance Issues in Shared-memory Multiprocessors written by Farnaz Mounes-Toussi and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Can High Bandwidth and Latency Justify Large Cache Blocks in Scalable Multiprocessors? by : University of Rochester. Department of Computer Science
Download or read book Can High Bandwidth and Latency Justify Large Cache Blocks in Scalable Multiprocessors? written by University of Rochester. Department of Computer Science and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "An important architectural design decision affecting the performance of coherent caches in shared-memory multiprocessors is the choice of block size. There are two primary factors that influence this choice: the reference behavior of application programs and the remote access bandwidth and latency of the machine. Several studies have shown that increasing the block size can lower the miss rate and reduce the number of invalidations. However, increasing the block size can also increase the miss rate by, for example, increasing false sharingor the number of cache evictions. Large cache blocks can also generate network contention
Book Synopsis Memory Performance of Prolog Architectures by : Evan Tick
Download or read book Memory Performance of Prolog Architectures written by Evan Tick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One suspects that the people who use computers for their livelihood are growing more "sophisticated" as the field of computer science evolves. This view might be defended by the expanding use of languages such as C and Lisp in contrast to the languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL. This hypothesis is false however - computer languages are not like natural languages where successive generations stick with the language of their ancestors. Computer programmers do not grow more sophisticated - programmers simply take the time to muddle through the increasingly complex language semantics in an attempt to write useful programs. Of course, these programmers are "sophisticated" in the same sense as are hackers of MockLisp, PostScript, and Tex - highly specialized and tedious languages. It is quite frustrating how this myth of sophistication is propagated by some industries, universities, and government agencies. When I was an undergraduate at MIT, I distinctly remember the convoluted questions on exams concerning dynamic scoping in Lisp - the emphasis was placed solely on a "hacker's" view of computation, i. e. , the control and manipulation of storage cells. No consideration was given to the logical structure of programs. Within the past five years, Ada and Common Lisp have become programming language standards, despite their complexity (note that dynamic scoping was dropped even from Common Lisp). Of course, most industries' selection of programming languages are primarily driven by the requirement for compatibility (with previous software) and performance.
Book Synopsis Temporal, Processor, and Spatial Locality in Multiprocessor Memory References by : A. Agarwal
Download or read book Temporal, Processor, and Spatial Locality in Multiprocessor Memory References written by A. Agarwal and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of cache-coherent multiprocessors is strongly influenced by locality in the memory reference behavior of parallel applications. While the notions of temporal and spatial locality in uniprocessor memory references are well understood, the corresponding notions of locality in multiprocessors and their impact on multiprocessor cache behavior are not clear. A locality model suitable for multiprocessor cache evaluation is derived by viewing memory references as streams of processor identifiers directed at specific cache/memory blocks. This viewpoint differs from the traditional uniprocessor approach that uses streams of addresses to different blocks emanating form specific processors. Our view is based on the intuition that cache coherence traffic in multiprocessor is largely determined by the number of processors accessing a location, the frequency with which they access the location, and the sequence in which their accesses occur. The specific locations accessed by each processor, the time order of access to different locations, and the size of the working set play a smaller role in determining the cache coherence traffic, although they still influence intrinsic cache performance. Looking at traces from the viewpoint of a memory block leads to a new notion of reference locality for multiprocessors, called processor locality. In this paper, we study the temporal, spatial, and processor locality in the memory reference patterns of three parallel applications. Based on the observed locality, we then reflect on the expected cache behavior of the three applications. (kr).
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cache Performance in Vector Processors and Multiprocessors by : Jeffrey David Gee
Download or read book Analysis of Cache Performance in Vector Processors and Multiprocessors written by Jeffrey David Gee and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Shared Memory Misses and Reference Patterns by : Jeffrey B. Rothman
Download or read book Analysis of Shared Memory Misses and Reference Patterns written by Jeffrey B. Rothman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Shared bus computer systems permit the relatively simple and efficient implementation of cache consistency algorithms, but the shared bus is a bottleneck which limits performance. False sharing can be an important source of unnecessary traffic for invalidation-based protocols, elimination of which can provide significant performance improvements. For many multiprocessor workloads, however, most misses are true sharing and cost start misses. Regardless of the cause of cache misses, the largest fraction of bus traffic are words transferred between caches without being accessed, which we refer to as dead sharing. We establish here new methods for characterizing cache block reference patterns, and we measure how these patterns change with variation in workload and block size. Our results show that 42 percent of 64-byte cache blocks are invalidated before more than one word has been read from the block and that 58 percent of blocks that have been modified only have a single word modified before an invalidation to the block occurs. Approximately 50 percent of blocks written and subsequently read by other caches shown no use of the newly written information before the block is again invalidated. In addition to our general analysis of reference patterns, we also present a detailed analysis of false sharing and dead sharing in each shared memory multiprocessor program studied. We find that the worst 10 blocks from each our traces contribute almost 50 percent of the false sharing misses and almost 20 percent of the true sharing misses (on average). A relatively simple restructuring of four of our workloads based on analysis of these 10 worst blocks leads to a 21 percent reduction in overall misses and a 15 percent reduction in execution time. Permitting the block size to vary (as could be accomplished with a sector cache) shows that bus traffic can be reduced by 88 percent (for 64-byte blocks) while also decreasing the miss ratio by 35 percent."
