Mechanisms Of The Thermal Degradation Of Polyvinyl Chloride

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Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials

Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859574980
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials by : Krzysztof Pielichowski

Download or read book Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the thermal degradation of polymers is of paramount importance for developing a rational technology of polymer processing and higher-temperature applications. Controlling degradation requires understanding of many different phenomena, including chemical mechanisms, the influence of polymer morphology, the complexities of oxidation chemistry, and the effects of stabilisers, fillers and other additives. This book offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors requiring an understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on material and product performance.

Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC

Author : J. Owen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400956185
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC by : J. Owen

Download or read book Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC written by J. Owen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyvinyl chloride has played a key role in the development of the plastics industry over the past 40 years and continues to be a polymer of major importance. The reasons for its enormous versatility and range of application derive from a combination of the basic structure which gives rise to a relatively tough and rigid material and its ability to accept a range of plasticisers and other additives which can modify its physical characteristics to produce a range of flexible products. Two major problems, however, have tested the skill and ingenuity of PVC technologists since earliest times. One is the thermal instability of the material at the temperatures required for melt processing and fabrication, and the second is the photochemical instability which until recently has limited the potentially large range of outdoor applications. Both problems have been handled in a commercially satisfactory way by the gradual development of a range of stabilisers, lubricants and other processing aids and the high quality material which has resulted has led to massive utilisation of PVC by industry. Totally adequate stabilisation requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which degradation processes are initiated and propagated. Although great advances have been made in this respect in recent years the problem remains incompletely understood. This book presents an account of the present position and the problems which remain to be solved.

Photostabilization of Polymers

Author : J.F. Rabek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400907478
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Photostabilization of Polymers by : J.F. Rabek

Download or read book Photostabilization of Polymers written by J.F. Rabek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40-60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. Increasing the stability of polymers and plastics towards heat, light, atmospheric oxygen and other environmental agents and weathering conditions has always been a very important problem. The photochemical instability of most of polymers limits them to outdoor application, where they are photo degraded fast over periods ranging from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegrada tion and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In many cases, improved methods of preparation and purification of both monomers and polymers yield products of better quality and higher resistance to heat and light. However, without stabilization of polymers by applica tion of antioxidants (to decrease thermal oxidative degradation) and photostabilizers (to decrease photo-oxidative degradation) it would be impossible to employ polymers and plastics in everyday use.

Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation by : George Wypych

Download or read book Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation written by George Wypych and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.

Polymer Degradation Mechanisms

Author : United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Degradation Mechanisms by : United States. National Bureau of Standards

Download or read book Polymer Degradation Mechanisms written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials

Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128231424
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials by : Krzysztof Pielichowski

Download or read book Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-05 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials, Second Edition offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors who require a thorough understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on materials and product performance. Sections cover thermal degradation mechanisms and kinetics, as well as various techniques, such as thermogravimetry in combination with mass spectroscopy and infrared spectrometry to investigate thermal decomposition routes. Other chapters focus on polymers and copolymers, including polyolefins, styrene polymers, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyacrylates, natural polymers, inorganic polymers, high temperature-resistant and conducting polymers, blends, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, nanocomposites, and biocomposites. Finally, other key considerations such as recycling of polymers by thermal degradation, thermal degradation during processing, and modelling, are discussed in detail. - Explains mechanisms of polymer degradation, making it possible to understand and predict material behavior at elevated temperatures - Offers systematic coverage of each polymer group that is supported by data detailed explanations and critical analysis - Investigates thermal decomposition routes in new materials, such as organic-inorganic hybrid materials and polymer nanocomposites

PVC Technology

Author : M.V. Titow
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400956142
Total Pages : 1249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis PVC Technology by : M.V. Titow

Download or read book PVC Technology written by M.V. Titow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book continues the tradition of the first two editions of the late W. S. Penn's original PVC Technology, and the extensively revised third (1971) edition prepared by myself and B. J. Lanham. In the present edition the original general format, and the arrange ment of chapters, have been largely preserved, but virtually nothing now remains of Penn's own text: a part of the contents is based on material from the 1971 TitowlLanham version (revised, updated and mainly rewritten): the rest is new, including, inter alia, several chapters specially contributed by experts from the plastics industry in the UK and Europe. The section listing international (ISO) and national (BS, ASTM and DIN) standards relevant to PVC, which was first intro duced (as Appendix 1) in the 1971 edition, proved a popularfeature: it has now been brought up to date and considerably extended. Two further appendices provide, respectively, comprehensive unit conver sion"tables (with additional information on some ofthe mostfrequently encountered units, and the SI units), and a list of many properties of interest in PVC materials, with definitions, typical numerical values, and references~to relevant standard test methods. For various reasons, work on this edition involved more than the usual quota of problems: I am truly grateful to the Publisher's Manag ing Editor, Mr G. B. Olley, for his understanding, patience, unfailing courtesy and friendly encouragement.

Recycling of Polyurethane Foams

Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323511341
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis Recycling of Polyurethane Foams by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Recycling of Polyurethane Foams written by Sabu Thomas and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-06-06 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recycling of Polyurethane Foams introduces the main degradation/depolymerization processes and pathways of polyurethane foam materials, focusing on industrial case studies and academic reviews from recent research and development projects. The book can aid practitioners in understanding the basis of polymer degradation and its relationship with industrial processes, which can be of substantial value to industrial complexes the world over. The main pathways of polymer recycling via different routes and industrial schemes are detailed, covering all current techniques, including regrinding, rebinding, adhesive pressing and compression moulding of recovered PU materials that are then compared with depolymerization approaches. The book examines life cycle assessment and cost analysis associated with polyurethane foams waste management, showing the potential of various techniques. This book will help academics and researchers identify and improve on current depolymerization processes, and it will help industry sustainability professionals choose the appropriate approach for their own waste management systems, thus minimizing the costs and environmental impact of their PU-based end products. - Offers a comprehensive review of all polyurethane foam recycling processes, including both chemical and mechanical approaches - Assesses the potential of each recycling process - Helps industry-based practitioners decide which approach to take to minimize the cost and environmental impact of their end product - Enables academics and researchers to identify and improve upon current processes of degradation and depolymerization

Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics

Author : ASM International
Publisher : ASM International
ISBN 13 : 1615030735
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics by : ASM International

Download or read book Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics written by ASM International and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selection and application of engineered materials is an integrated process that requires an understanding of the interaction between materials properties, manufacturing characteristics, design considerations, and the total life cycle of the product. This reference book on engineering plastics provides practical and comprehensive coverage on how the performance of plastics is characterized during design, property testing, and failure analysis. The fundamental structure and properties of plastics are reviewed for general reference, and detailed articles describe the important design factors, properties, and failure mechanisms of plastics. The effects of composition, processing, and structure are detailed in articles on the physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Other articles cover failure mechanisms such as: crazing and fracture; impact loading; fatigue failure; wear failures, moisture related failure; organic chemical related failure; photolytic degradation; and microbial degradation. Characterization of plastics in failure analysis is described with additional articles on analysis of structure, surface analysis, and fractography.

Practical Guide to Polyvinyl Chloride

Author : Stuart Patrick
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859575116
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (751 download)

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Book Synopsis Practical Guide to Polyvinyl Chloride by : Stuart Patrick

Download or read book Practical Guide to Polyvinyl Chloride written by Stuart Patrick and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been around since the late part of the 19th century, although it was not produced commercially until the 1920s; it is the second largest consumed plastic material after polyethylene. PVC products can be rigid or flexible, opaque or transparent, coloured, and insulating or conducting. There is not just one PVC but a whole family of products tailor-made to suit the needs of each application. PVC is extremely cost effective in comparison to other plastics with a high degree of versatility in end-use and processing possibilities, as the reader will note from this book. It is durable, easily maintained, and can be produced in a large range of colours. As a result PVC finds use in an extensive range of applications in virtually all areas of human activity, including medical equipment, construction applications such as flexible roof membranes, pipes and window profiles, toys, automotive parts and electrical cabling. The PVC industry has also started to tackle some of its end-of-life issues. This practical guide provides comprehensive background on the resins and additives, their properties and processing characteristics, as well as discussion of product design and development issues. There have been, and still are, issues and perceptions over environmental and health acceptance covering vinyl chloride monomer, dioxins, phthalate plasticisers, and lead (and cadmium) based heat stabilisers and these are discussed in depth in this book. This book will be of interest to raw materials suppliers and processors or end-users of PVC, as well as anyone with a general interest in this versatile material: resins and additives properties and testing design issues processing, including post processing and assembly property enhancement sustainable development

PVC Handbook

Author : Charles E. Wilkes
Publisher : Hanser Gardner Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781569903797
Total Pages : 723 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis PVC Handbook by : Charles E. Wilkes

Download or read book PVC Handbook written by Charles E. Wilkes and published by Hanser Gardner Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this single handbook, the editors aim to give a diverse audience of readers a complete account of all aspects of PVC--from monomer manufacture to polymerization; the gamut of such additives as stabilizers, lubricants, plasticizers, impact modifiers, fillers and reinforcing agents; blends and alloys; compounding and processing; characterization; combustion resistance and weatherability; product engineering design; applications; environmental and safety; and finally the PVC industry dynamics. This handbook contains both practical formulation information as well as a mechanistic view of why PVC behaves as it does.

Polyvinylchloride — 2

Author : A. Guyot
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483159930
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyvinylchloride — 2 by : A. Guyot

Download or read book Polyvinylchloride — 2 written by A. Guyot and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyvinylchloride - 2 (Lyon - Villeurbanne, 1976) is a collection of lectures presented at the Second International Symposium on Polyvinylchloride, held in Lyon-Villeurbanne, France on July 5-9, 1976. This book is divided into seven chapters and begins with a survey of chemical modifications for improved mechanical properties and thermal stability of polyvinylchloride (PVC), including crosslinking chlorination, graft polymerization, and stabilization. The subsequent chapters examine the solution properties, rheology, processing, and structure of PVC. These topics are followed by discussions of the effect of some defects on static strength and the stress-cracking resistance of rigid PVC, as well as the heat and light stabilization of PVC, particularly the mode of action of stabilizers. The final chapter considers the thermal decomposition and combustion mechanisms of PVC. This book will prove useful to polymer chemists, researchers, and students.

Freshwater Microplastics

Author : Martin Wagner
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319616153
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Freshwater Microplastics by : Martin Wagner

Download or read book Freshwater Microplastics written by Martin Wagner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.

Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444640630
Total Pages : 862 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry by :

Download or read book Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-12 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry: Recent Advances, Techniques and Applications, Volume Six, Second Edition, presents the latest in a series that has been well received by the thermal analysis and calorimetry community. This volume covers recent advances in techniques and applications that complement the earlier volumes. There has been tremendous progress in the field in recent years, and this book puts together the most high-impact topics selected for their popularity by new editors Sergey Vyazovkin, Nobuyoshi Koga and Christoph Schick—all editors of Thermochimica Acta. Among the important new techniques covered are biomass conversion; sustainable polymers; polymer nanocompsoties; nonmetallic glasses; phase change materials; propellants and explosives; applications to pharmaceuticals; processes in ceramics, metals, and alloys; ionic liquids; fast-scanning calorimetry, and more. - Features 19 all-new chapters to bring readers up to date on the current status of the field - Provides a broad overview of recent progress in the most popular techniques and applications - Includes chapters authored by a recognized leader in each field and compiled by a new team of editors, each with at least 20 years of experience in the field of thermal analysis and calorimetry - Enables applications across a wide range of modern materials, including polymers, metals, alloys, ceramics, energetics and pharmaceutics - Overviews the current status of the field and summarizes recent progress in the most popular techniques and applications

The Mechanisms of Pyrolysis, Oxidation, and Burning of Organic Materials

Author : Leo Aloysius Wall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Mechanisms of Pyrolysis, Oxidation, and Burning of Organic Materials by : Leo Aloysius Wall

Download or read book The Mechanisms of Pyrolysis, Oxidation, and Burning of Organic Materials written by Leo Aloysius Wall and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

PVC

Author : G. Mathews
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040285856
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis PVC by : G. Mathews

Download or read book PVC written by G. Mathews and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study on the production, properties and uses, of PVC, Polyvinyl chloride which is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer by the Institute of Materials, London in 1996

Accelerated Aging

Author : Robert L. Feller
Publisher : Getty Publications
ISBN 13 : 0892361255
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (923 download)

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Book Synopsis Accelerated Aging by : Robert L. Feller

Download or read book Accelerated Aging written by Robert L. Feller and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 1995-03-02 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerated Aging: Photochemical and Thermal Aspects represents the culmination of more than 40 years of research by noted scientist Robert L. Feller. The book focuses on the long-term performance of materials such as wool, dyes, and organic compounds; their resistance to change when exposed to environmental factors such as oxygen, ozone, moisture, heat, and light; and their physical durability with handling and use over time. Processes of deterioration are discussed based on speeded-up laboratory studies designed to clarify the chemical reactions involved and their physical consequences.