Mechanisms Of Post Transcriptional Regulation In S Cerevisiae

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Mechanisms of Post-Transcriptional Regulation in S. Cerevisiae

Author : Vince Harjono
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Post-Transcriptional Regulation in S. Cerevisiae by : Vince Harjono

Download or read book Mechanisms of Post-Transcriptional Regulation in S. Cerevisiae written by Vince Harjono and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-transcriptional regulation represents a powerful and versatile mechanism to fine-tune gene expression to meet cellular and environmental demands. One important aspect of post-transcriptional regulation involves regulation of protein translation, the process of building proteins from a messenger RNA. In this dissertation, I use biochemical and molecular biology techniques to study how translation is mechanistically regulated by both mRNA and protein factors. In chapter 2, I discuss the development of a quantitative method in eukaryotes to measure ribosomal stalls of cis-mRNA factors on protein elongation. We find that different distributions of nonoptimal codons trigger different surveillance and rescue pathways despite similar levels of elongation delay. In chapter 3, I explore the relationship between translatability and mRNA localization during glucose starvation and investigate potential factors that influence this relationship. We find that a complex made from Rvb1 and Rvb2 is involved in promoter-directed cytoplasmic fate in a subset of stress response genes in glucose starvation. Furthermore, we use carefully designed reporters to interrogate how translatability determines cytoplasmic localization and find that active translation is linked to exclusion from stress-induced cytoplasmic granules. Finally in chapter 4, I discuss improvements on the method we have developed, possible future directions for the work described in this dissertation, and my concluding remarks.

Mechanisms of Transcriptional Control in Phosphate-responsive Signaling Pathway of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Author : Xu Zhou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Transcriptional Control in Phosphate-responsive Signaling Pathway of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by : Xu Zhou

Download or read book Mechanisms of Transcriptional Control in Phosphate-responsive Signaling Pathway of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Xu Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulation of gene expression is essential for many biological processes. Binding of transcription factors to DNA is a key regulatory step in the control of gene expression. It is commonly observed that DNA sequences with high affinity for transcription factors occur more frequently in the genome than the instances of genes bound or regulated by these factors. However, the mechanism by which transcription factors selectively identify and regulate these genes was unclear. I utilized the transcriptional control of the phosphate-responsive signaling pathway (PHO) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system to address this problem.

Genetics and Biotechnology

Author : Ulrich Kück
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662103648
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics and Biotechnology by : Ulrich Kück

Download or read book Genetics and Biotechnology written by Ulrich Kück and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a descriptive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for self incompatibility, termed "heterothallism", and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type specificities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgeff, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genetics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for bio chemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa, led to the one gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958. Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cere visiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.

Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Novel Aspects of Post-transcriptional Regulation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Author : Gregory A. Cary
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (882 download)

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Book Synopsis Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Novel Aspects of Post-transcriptional Regulation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by : Gregory A. Cary

Download or read book Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Novel Aspects of Post-transcriptional Regulation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Gregory A. Cary and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although gene expression begins with transcription, there are a variety of mechanisms that cells use to control and tune expression post-transcriptionally. Many post-transcriptional regulatory functions including translational regulation, transcript surveillance, intracellular RNA localization, and RNA decay occur in organelles known as RNA granules. RNA granules, such as processing (P)-bodies, are cytoplasmic accumulations of translationally repressed mRNA and associated proteins that are ubiquitous among eukaryotes. Much of what is known about RNA granule biology has been observed through genetic and cytological experimentation and very few biochemical enrichments of these structures have been reported. In this work I present an affinity enrichment strategy for Dhh1, a conserved core component of P-bodies, from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identify proteins co-enriching with Dhh1 using tandem mass spectrometry and show that many known RNA granule proteins are enriched by this approach. We go on to compare the association of proteins with the complex across two environmental conditions to examine the effect of stress induction on RNA granule assemblies. We find that metabolic enzymes and molecular chaperones are typically more abundant in the stress-induced P-body complex and demonstrate that one chaperone, YDJ1, is involved in the stress-induced aggregation of several P-body proteins into cytoplasmic foci. We also identify RNA co-enriching with Dhh1 and detect several classes of catalytic RNA as well as a strong enrichment for the mRNA encoding the P-body protein PAT1. Finally, I present and discuss the characterization of a yeast strain that exhibits sensitivity to the drug puromycin. The puromycin-sensitive strain incorporates the drug into nascent proteins in vivo and I discuss how this is a unique and useful approach for the detection of protein biosynthesis. The techniques developed and employed in this dissertation provide novel perspectives on post-transcriptional regulatory processes and enable further investigations into how these regulatory programs are executed within the cell.

Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation

Author : K.M.J. Menon, PhD
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319251244
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation by : K.M.J. Menon, PhD

Download or read book Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation written by K.M.J. Menon, PhD and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-30 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how post-transcriptional mechanisms control endocrine function. This includes newly identified regulatory mechanisms involved in hormone biosynthesis, control of hormone receptors and the outputs of hormone mediated signal transduction. Chapters address endocrine hormones including protein peptide/peptide, steroid, and non-steroidal hormones. The impacts of these mechanisms on disease and health are covered, providing a novel update to the scientific literature. Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play an essential role in controlling dynamic gene expression. The outcome of this regulation includes control of the amount, timing, and location of protein expression. Regulation is mediated by cis-acting RNA sequences and structures and transacting RNA binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs. Recent advances in characterization of these regulatory factors have revealed enormous regulatory potential.

Mechanisms of Transcriptional Control in Phosphate-responsive Signaling Pathway of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Author : Xu Zhou (Biochemist)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Transcriptional Control in Phosphate-responsive Signaling Pathway of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by : Xu Zhou (Biochemist)

Download or read book Mechanisms of Transcriptional Control in Phosphate-responsive Signaling Pathway of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Xu Zhou (Biochemist) and published by . This book was released on with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Post-transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression by the [PSI] Prion of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Author : Jonathan Paul Richardson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (646 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression by the [PSI] Prion of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by : Jonathan Paul Richardson

Download or read book Post-transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression by the [PSI] Prion of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Jonathan Paul Richardson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism

Author : Jure Piškur
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642550134
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism by : Jure Piškur

Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism written by Jure Piškur and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yeast is one of the most studied laboratory organisms and represents one of the most central models to understand how any eukaryote cell works. On the other hand, yeast fermentations have for millennia provided us with a variety of biotech products, like wine, beer, vitamins, and recently also with pharmaceutically active heterologous products and biofuels. A central biochemical activity in the yeast cell is the metabolism of carbon compounds, providing energy for the whole cell, and precursors for any of the final fermentation products. A complex set of genes and regulatory pathways controls the metabolism of carbon compounds, from nutrient sensing, signal transduction, transcription regulation and post-transcriptional events. Recent advances in comparative genomics and development of post-genomic tools have provided further insights into the network of genes and enzymes, and molecular mechanisms which are responsible for a balanced metabolism of carbon compounds in the yeast cell, and which could be manipulated in the laboratory to increase the yield and quality of yeast biotech products. This book provides a dozen of most comprehensive reviews on the recent developments and achievements in the field of yeast carbon metabolism, from academic studies on gene expression to biotechnology relevant topics.

No Nonsense

Author : Krista D. Patefield
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339638867
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis No Nonsense by : Krista D. Patefield

Download or read book No Nonsense written by Krista D. Patefield and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene regulation in eukaryotes is tightly controlled at multiple levels to ensure proper expression and cellular homeostasis. Misregulation of gene expression is a common source of genetic disease. One mechanism by which cells are able to control gene expression is through the synthesis and degradation of the mRNA molecules encoding the genes. The transcription and degradation of mRNA molecules controls the pool mRNAs that are available to the translational machinery. One of the well-studied mRNA decay pathways is the Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay pathway (NMD). Originally, NMD was discovered as a posttranscriptional mRNA surveillance mechanism responsible for the deadenylation-independent decapping and rapid 5'→3' degradation of mRNAs that harbor premature termination codons (PTCs). Approximately one-third of all inherited genetic disease and cancers are related to NMD. It is now known that NMD plays a much larger role in the stability and expression of wild-type mRNAs as well. Wild-type mRNAs with NMD-targeting signals, which include 1) a translated uORF, 2) a long 3' UTR, 3) leaky scanning leading to out-of-frame initiation of translation, 3) programmed ribosome frameshift sites, and 5) regulated alternative splicing variants, are rapidly destabilized by NMD. It has also been observed that some wild-type mRNAs contain NMD targeting signals but are not degraded by NMD due to protecting mechanism. Here we show that the SSY5 mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a wild-type mRNA with multiple NMD targeting signals but is not degraded by NMD. None of the current models for NMD protection explain the SSY5 mRNA stability so the mechanism of protection is likely to be novel. Additionally, we show the SSY5 mRNA is primarily degraded 5'→3'. We also explore two additional mRNAs, YAP1 and GCN4, in S. cerevisiae that also contain at least one NMD-targeting signal but are not degraded by NMD. Elucidating the mechanism of protection from NMD of these three mRNAs will provide valuable insight to the underlying molecular mechanisms of NMD, which despite thorough investigation remain unclear. Understanding the molecular intricacies of the NMD pathway will allow for the efficient development of NMD-related disease therapies with minimal risks and side-effects.

Advances in Animal Genomics

Author : Sukanta Mondal
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128206128
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Animal Genomics by : Sukanta Mondal

Download or read book Advances in Animal Genomics written by Sukanta Mondal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Animal Genomics provides an outstanding collection of integrated strategies involving traditional and modern - omics (structural, functional, comparative and epigenomics) approaches and genomics-assisted breeding methods which animal biotechnologists can utilize to dissect and decode the molecular and gene regulatory networks involved in the complex quantitative yield and stress tolerance traits in livestock. Written by international experts on animal genomics, this book explores the recent advances in high-throughput, next-generation whole genome and transcriptome sequencing, array-based genotyping, and modern bioinformatics approaches which have enabled to produce huge genomic and transcriptomic resources globally on a genome-wide scale. This book is an important resource for researchers, students, educators and professionals in agriculture, veterinary and biotechnology sciences that enables them to solve problems regarding sustainable development with the help of current innovative biotechnologies. Integrates basic and advanced concepts of animal biotechnology and presents future developments Describes current high-throughput next-generation whole genome and transcriptome sequencing, array-based genotyping, and modern bioinformatics approaches for sustainable livestock production Illustrates integrated strategies to dissect and decode the molecular and gene regulatory networks involved in complex quantitative yield and stress tolerance traits in livestock Ensures readers will gain a strong grasp of biotechnology for sustainable livestock production with its well-illustrated discussion

RNA Exosome

Author : Torben Heick Jensen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441978410
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis RNA Exosome by : Torben Heick Jensen

Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.

Molecular Biology of The Cell

Author : Bruce Alberts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts

Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Characterization of Novel RNA-protein Regulatory Interactions in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Author : Nikoleta Georgieva Tsvetanova
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Novel RNA-protein Regulatory Interactions in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by : Nikoleta Georgieva Tsvetanova

Download or read book Characterization of Novel RNA-protein Regulatory Interactions in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Nikoleta Georgieva Tsvetanova and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamic processes of a living cell depend on the coordinated temporal and spatial regulation of the many steps of gene expression. Transcription regulation is one control point of gene expression, and a gene can also be regulated post-transcriptionally, by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The biological significance of post-transcriptional regulation is especially evident in cases, where RBP binding controls the temporal precision of suppression and activation of important cellular stress responses. We developed a proteome-wide experimental approach for in vitro identification of novel RBPs and RNA-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found 12 novel RNA-binding proteins, the majority of which, surprisingly, are currently annotated as enzymes with roles in metabolic processes. We next used this proteomic approach to screen for proteins specifically interacting with the HAC1 RNA, which mediates activation of the yeast unfolded protein response (UPR). We found that HAC1 associated reproducibly with four small yeast GTPases, three of which are of the Ypt family of ras-GTPases. We further characterized one of them, the yeast Rab1 homolog Ypt1, and showed that Ypt1 interacted with unspliced HAC1 RNA only in the absence of ER stress. Selective Ypt1 depletion increased HAC1 RNA stability and expression, and also affected timely recovery from UPR. By developing and applying a novel proteomic approach for studying RNA-protein interactions, we established Ypt1 as an important regulator of HAC1 expression and UPR signaling. This unexpected protein-RNA interaction provides a biochemical mechanism for coordinating the key cellular processes of vesicle trafficking and ER homeostasis.

A Study of the Interplay Between Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Transcription and DNA Repair

Author : Priyasri Shotton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (828 download)

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Book Synopsis A Study of the Interplay Between Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Transcription and DNA Repair by : Priyasri Shotton

Download or read book A Study of the Interplay Between Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Transcription and DNA Repair written by Priyasri Shotton and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA is the storehouse of genetic information for the normal functioning of all cellular processes. This DNA is "read" by RNA Polymerases (RNAP) to carry out the transcription process, which is one of the most vital regulatory mechanisms within the cell for gene expression. There are three important RNA Polymerases available in the cell. RNAPI synthesizes ribosomal RNAs, while RNAPII makes mRNA precursors, snRNAs and most microRNAs, additionally RNAPIII takes care of tRNAs, small RNAs and 5S rRNAs that occur in the nucleus and the cytosol. The work in the author's lab focuses on the function of RNAPII transcription. It is not straightforward for RNAPII to transcribe the DNA, it needs to struggle with two major roadblocks that are in its path. First, is the nucleosomal barrier that is scattered across the coding regions of active genes. The mechanism to overcome this major obstacle is a very complex process that involves an extensive range of proteins which work collectively to help in the alteration of chromatin structure that ultimately facilitates transcriptional regulation. In the thesis, the author has attempted to take a look at this intricate network and has studied the function of Rad26p, in yeast (associated with CSB-Cockayne syndrome B, in humans), a transcription coupled DNA repair factor, having an additional role in transcription. The results reveal that Rad26p plays a novel role in the regulation of elongation by modulating histone H2A-H2B dimer occupancy.

Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of the General Amino Acid Permease of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Author : Michael Stanbrough
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (286 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of the General Amino Acid Permease of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by : Michael Stanbrough

Download or read book Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of the General Amino Acid Permease of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Michael Stanbrough and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of the CIT1 Gene in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Author : Sobomabo D. Lawson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of the CIT1 Gene in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by : Sobomabo D. Lawson

Download or read book Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of the CIT1 Gene in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Sobomabo D. Lawson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128114320
Total Pages : 3421 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 3421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: ABC of Bioinformatics, Three Volume Set combines elements of computer science, information technology, mathematics, statistics and biotechnology, providing the methodology and in silico solutions to mine biological data and processes. The book covers Theory, Topics and Applications, with a special focus on Integrative –omics and Systems Biology. The theoretical, methodological underpinnings of BCB, including phylogeny are covered, as are more current areas of focus, such as translational bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and environmental informatics. Finally, Applications provide guidance for commonly asked questions. This major reference work spans basic and cutting-edge methodologies authored by leaders in the field, providing an invaluable resource for students, scientists, professionals in research institutes, and a broad swath of researchers in biotechnology and the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Brings together information from computer science, information technology, mathematics, statistics and biotechnology Written and reviewed by leading experts in the field, providing a unique and authoritative resource Focuses on the main theoretical and methodological concepts before expanding on specific topics and applications Includes interactive images, multimedia tools and crosslinking to further resources and databases