Measuring Microenterprise Profits

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Microenterprise Profits by : Suresh J. De Mel

Download or read book Measuring Microenterprise Profits written by Suresh J. De Mel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large share of the world's poor is self-employed. Accurate measurement of profits from microenterprises is therefore critical for studying poverty and inequality, measuring the returns to education, and evaluating the success of microfinance programs. But a myriad of problems plague the measurement of profits. The authors report on a variety of different experiments conducted to better understand the importance of some of these problems and to draw recommendations for collecting profit data. In particular, they (1) examine how far we can reconcile self-reported profits and reports of revenue minus expenses through more detailed questions; (2) examine recall errors in sales and report on the results of experiments which randomly allocated account books to firms; and (3) ask firms how much firms like theirs underreport sales in surveys like this, and have research assistants observe the firms at random times 15-16 times during a month to provide measures for comparison. The authors conclude that firms underreport revenues by about 30 percent, that account diaries have significant effects on both revenues and expenses but not on profits, and that simply asking profits provides a more accurate measure of firm profits than detailed questions on revenues and expenses.

Measuring Microenterprise Profits

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Microenterprise Profits by : Suresh de Mel

Download or read book Measuring Microenterprise Profits written by Suresh de Mel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large share of the world's poor is self-employed. Accurate measurement of profits from microenterprises is therefore critical for studying poverty and inequality, measuring the returns to education, and evaluating the success of microfinance programs. But a myriad of problems plague the measurement of profits. The authors report on a variety of different experiments conducted to better understand the importance of some of these problems and to draw recommendations for collecting profit data. In particular, they (1) examine how far we can reconcile self-reported profits and reports of revenue minus expenses through more detailed questions; (2) examine recall errors in sales and report on the results of experiments which randomly allocated account books to firms; and (3) ask firms how much firms like theirs underreport sales in surveys like this, and have research assistants observe the firms at random times 15-16 times during a month to provide measures for comparison. The authors conclude that firms underreport revenues by about 30 percent, that account diaries have significant effects on both revenues and expenses but not on profits, and that simply asking profits provides a more accurate measure of firm profits than detailed questions on revenues and expenses.

Measuring Microenterprise Profits

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Microenterprise Profits by : Suresh de Mel

Download or read book Measuring Microenterprise Profits written by Suresh de Mel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large share of the world's poor is self-employed. Accurate measurement of profits from microenterprises is therefore critical for studying poverty and inequality, measuring the returns to education, and evaluating the success of microfinance programs. But a myriad of problems plague the measurement of profits. The authors report on a variety of different experiments conducted to better understand the importance of some of these problems and to draw recommendations for collecting profit data. In particular, they (1) examine how far we can reconcile self-reported profits and reports of revenue minus expenses through more detailed questions; (2) examine recall errors in sales and report on the results of experiments which randomly allocated account books to firms; and (3) ask firms how much firms like theirs underreport sales in surveys like this, and have research assistants observe the firms at random times 15-16 times during a month to provide measures for comparison. The authors conclude that firms underreport revenues by about 30 percent, that account diaries have significant effects on both revenues and expenses but not on profits, and that simply asking profits provides a more accurate measure of firm profits than detailed questions on revenues and expenses.

Measuring Microenterprise Profits

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Microenterprise Profits by : Suresh De Mel

Download or read book Measuring Microenterprise Profits written by Suresh De Mel and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Returns to capital in microenterprises : evidence from a field experiment

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Returns to capital in microenterprises : evidence from a field experiment by : Christopher Woodruff, David McKenzie, Suresh de Mel

Download or read book Returns to capital in microenterprises : evidence from a field experiment written by Christopher Woodruff, David McKenzie, Suresh de Mel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Small and informal firms account for a large share of employment in developing countries. The rapid expansion of microfinance services is based on the belief that these firms have productive investment opportunities and can enjoy high returns to capital if given the opportunity. However, measuring the return to capital is complicated by unobserved factors such as entrepreneurial ability and demand shocks, which are likely to be correlated with capital stock. The authors use a randomized experiment to overcome this problem and to measure the return to capital for the average microenterprise in their sample, regardless of whether they apply for credit. They accomplish this by providing cash and equipment grants to small firms in Sri Lanka, and measuring the increase in profits arising from this exogenous (positive) shock to capital stock. After controlling for possible spillover effects, the authors find the average real return to capital to be 5.7 percent a month, substantially higher than the market interest rate. They then examine the heterogeneity of treatment effects to explore whether missing credit markets or missing insurance markets are the most likely cause of the high returns. Returns are found to vary with entrepreneurial ability and with measures of other sources of cash within the household, but not to vary with risk aversion or uncertainty.

Who are the Microenterprise Owners? Evidence from Sri Lanka on Tokman V. de Soto

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Who are the Microenterprise Owners? Evidence from Sri Lanka on Tokman V. de Soto by : Christopher Woodruff, David McKenzie, Suresh de Mel

Download or read book Who are the Microenterprise Owners? Evidence from Sri Lanka on Tokman V. de Soto written by Christopher Woodruff, David McKenzie, Suresh de Mel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Is the vast army of the self-employed in low income countries a source of employment generation? This paper uses data from surveys in Sri Lanka to compare the characteristics of own account workers (non-employers) with wage workers and with owners of larger firms. The authors use a rich set of measures of background, ability, and attitudes, including lottery experiments measuring risk attitudes. Consistent with the International Labor Organization's views of the self employed (represented by Tokman), the analysis finds that two-thirds to three-quarters of the own account workers have characteristics which are more like wage workers than larger firm owners. This suggests the majority of the own account workers are unlikely to become employers. Using a two and a half year panel of enterprises, the authors show that the minority of own account workers who are more like larger firm owners are more likely to expand by adding paid employees. The results suggest that finance is not the sole constraint to growth of microenterprises, and provides an explanation for the low rates of growth of enterprises supported by microlending.

Kitchen Capitalism

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Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791484661
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Kitchen Capitalism by : Margaret Sherrard Sherraden

Download or read book Kitchen Capitalism written by Margaret Sherrard Sherraden and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Businesses come to life as owners are allowed to speak in their own words in this first in-depth examination of self-employment told from the perspectives of low-income microentrepreneurs. The book systematically analyzes a range of issues, including who chooses to open a micro business, and why; what resources do they bring to their business venture; how well will their venture fare; and what contributes to the growth or decline of their business. The authors conclude that most microentrepreneurs believe self-employment offers a range of monetary and nonmonetary benefits and argue it would be more advantageous to view microenterprise as a social and economic development strategy rather than simply as an anti-poverty strategy. Based on this observation, a range of strategies to better promote microenterprise programs among the poor is advanced, with the goal of targeting the most promising approaches.

Beyond Ending Poverty

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464808953
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Ending Poverty by : Shahidur R. Khandker

Download or read book Beyond Ending Poverty written by Shahidur R. Khandker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent past has witnessed phenomenal growth in MFIs around the world. Today as many as 200 million people are beneficiaries of microfinance. Given its worldwide attention, microfinance has received serious criticism, including the argument that it is a fad with less-than-expected benefits for the poor. Surely, microfinance is not without any pitfalls. Yet the premise of improving access to financial services for consumption smoothing by the poor has never been a subject of controversy. What has been controversial is whether microfinance can alleviate poverty. That the poor lack an effective and affordable alternative financing mechanism to support income generation does not necessarily mean microfinance is a panacea since it involves entrepreneurial skills, which many poor lack. It is little wonder that studies evaluating the benefits of microfinance have produced conflicting results. Of course, study findings are contextual: They are positive in conducive environments and less so in unfavorable ones. Microfinance must be distinguished from anti-poverty schemes (e.g., conditional cash transfers) because benefits from microfinance-supported activities, which involve participants’ entrepreneurial skills and ability, take time to realize. This book using household long panel survey of 1991/92-2010/11 from Bangladesh addresses some of criticisms—including whether pushing microfinance has made it redundant as a tool for poverty reduction—while investigating whether it still matters for the poor after two decades of extensive growth. The book’s findings confirm the positive effects of continued borrowing from a microfinance program. Despite a manifold increase in microfinance borrowing, loan recovery has not declined and long-term borrowers are not trapped in poverty or debt. Interest rates charged by MFIs are not too high for realizing returns on investment, although the MFIs have scope for lowering them. The book is expected to contribute to the ongoing debate on the cost-effectiveness of microfinance as a tool for inclusive growth and development. It is expected to fill knowledge gaps in understanding the various virtues of microfinance against its portrayal as having drifted from its original poverty-reduction mission.

The Handbook of Economic Development and Institutions

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691192014
Total Pages : 786 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Economic Development and Institutions by : Jean-Marie Baland

Download or read book The Handbook of Economic Development and Institutions written by Jean-Marie Baland and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive reference on the most current economics of development and institutions The essential role that institutions play in understanding economic development has long been recognized across the social sciences, including in economics. Academic and policy interest in this subject has never been higher. The Handbook of Economic Development and Institutions is the first to bring together in one single volume the most cutting-edge work in this area by the best-known international economists. The volume’s editors, themselves leading scholars in the discipline, provide a comprehensive introduction, and the stellar contributors offer up-to-date analysis into institutional change and its interactions with the dynamics of economic development. This book focuses on three critical issues: the definitions of institutions in order to argue for a causal link to development, the complex interplay between formal and informal institutions, and the evolution and coevolution of institutions and their interactions with the political economy of development. Topics examined include the relationship between institutions and growth, educational systems, the role of the media, and the intersection between traditional systems of patronage and political institutions. Each chapter—covering the frontier research in its area and pointing to new areas of research—is the product of extensive workshopping on the part of the contributors. The definitive reference work on this topic, The Handbook of Economic Development and Institutions will be essential for academics, researchers, and professionals working in the field.

Boosting Microenterprise Growth. The Importance of Human Capital and Microentrepreneurs’ Characteristics

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668224153
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (682 download)

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Book Synopsis Boosting Microenterprise Growth. The Importance of Human Capital and Microentrepreneurs’ Characteristics by : Leon Freytag von Loringhoven

Download or read book Boosting Microenterprise Growth. The Importance of Human Capital and Microentrepreneurs’ Characteristics written by Leon Freytag von Loringhoven and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project Report from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Economic Cycle and Growth, grade: 1,0, Quest University Canada, language: English, abstract: Our study, despite general doubts, aims to deliver answers to how exactly growth of microenterprises is possible. Our proposed experiment combines different aspects of recent studies that found positive effects on growth. We thus want to set our study in the context of a larger, new strategy in development economics, proposed by Banerjee and Duflo in “Poor Economics”: “the accumulation of a set of small steps, each well thought out, carefully tested, and judiciously implemented”. Through a global economic perspective, it is striking that some countries are very rich and some countries are very poor. In order for poor countries to catch up, their economies have to grow. This growth can be generated through foreign companies in developing countries or firms run by local elites. However, these comprise the dangers of profits not staying in the country and of strengthening corrupt of oppressing elites. An alternative way lies in the generation of growth of very small enterprises. The incomes they generate are more likely to reach the poorer part of the population (e.g. by creating employment) or to be reinvested generating further growth than when money flows to local elites or abroad. We thus see the generation of growth for microenterprises as crucial in terms of the economic development and alleviation of poverty in poor countries. However, we agree with Easterly, that it is wrong to ask “the question of what the end of poverty requires” (Easterly, 2006, p. 11). Instead, it is important to look at more concrete problems and find ways to solve them. We see growth of microenterprises as one of such problems, as it is inhibited by a number of constraints. Some researchers even raise “doubts that microenterprises can generate general economic growth” (Fiala, 2013). Even the young, widely implemented phenomenon of microfinance has not changed much in terms of growth. In Poor Economics, Banerjee and Duflo write about microfinance: “”We cannot count on it to be a stepping-stone for larger business to be created”, and that this would be “the next big challenge for finance in developing countries” (Banerjee & Duflo, 2012).

Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415813824
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (158 download)

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Book Synopsis Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy by : Mai Thi Thanh Thai

Download or read book Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy written by Mai Thi Thanh Thai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although entrepreneurship in the informal economy occurs outside state regulatory systems, informal commercial activities account for an estimated 30% of economic activity around the world. Informal entrepreneurship goes unmonitored despite the fact that it significantly contributes to poverty reduction and economic development. As a result, the informal sector is open to unethical practices including corruption, worker exploitation, and natural environment abuse to name just a few. In the media, debates have formed around whether informal entrepreneurship should be assisted or legitimized. Hence, a deep understanding of the phenomenon is vitally important. This book is the first on the market to offer models and approaches to informal entrepreneurship as well as to its prospects for economic development. Offering an in-depth examination of informal entrepreneurship in many different countries, it reveals the motivations for engaging in entrepreneurship in the informal economy, characteristics of informal entrepreneurship, and informal entrepreneurs' response to ethical issues. This volume illustrates the relationship between formal and informal economies and the conditions for the benefits of informal entrepreneurship to outweigh its disadvantages. And finally, it gives recommendations about when and how the informal economy can be formalized, which sectors should be formalized, and which ones can remain informal. This book offers much-needed guidance for stakeholders involved in economic development programs and scholars and entrepreneurs interested in the field of informal entrepreneurship as it is developing around the globe.

Global Labour in Distress, Volume I

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030892581
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Labour in Distress, Volume I by : Pedro Goulart

Download or read book Global Labour in Distress, Volume I written by Pedro Goulart and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume focuses on globalization, international migration, employment, labour agency, technological change, and labour resilience. This book aims to examine how labour institutions, both in developed and developing countries, have responded to the challenges faced over the last 30 years. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in labour economics, political economy, and development economics.

Experimental Conversations

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262551543
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Conversations by : Timothy N. Ogden

Download or read book Experimental Conversations written by Timothy N. Ogden and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-03-19 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discussions of the use and limits of randomized control trials, considering the power of theory, external validity, gaps in knowledge, and what issues matter. The practice of development economics has undergone something of a revolution as many economists have adopted new methods to answer perennial questions about the effectiveness of anti-poverty programs. In this book, prominent development economists discuss the use and impact of one of the most significant of these new methods, randomized control trials (RCTs) and field experiments. In extended interviews conducted over a period of several years, they explain their work and their thinking and consider the broader issues of how we learn about the world and how we can change it for the better. These conversations offer specialists and nonspecialists alike a unique opportunity to hear economists speak in their own words, free of the confines of a particular study or econometric esoterica. The economists describe how they apply research findings in the way they think about the world, revealing their ideas about the power of theory, external validity, gaps in knowledge, and what issues matter. Also included are interviews with RCT observers, critics, sponsors, consumers, and others. Each interview provides a brief biography of the interviewee. Thorough annotations offer background and explanations for key ideas and studies referred to in the conversations. Contributors Abhijit Banerjee, Nancy Birdsall, Chris Blattman, Alex Counts, Tyler Cowen, Angus Deaton, Frank DeGiovanni, Esther Duflo, Pascaline Dupas, Xavi Gine, Rachel Glennerster, Judy Gueron, Elie Hassenfeld, Dean Karlan, Michael Kremer, David McKenzie, Jonathan Morduch, Lant Pritchett, Jonathan Robinson, Antoinette Schoar, Dean Yang

The Economics of Entrepreneurship

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316762203
Total Pages : 919 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Entrepreneurship by : Simon C. Parker

Download or read book The Economics of Entrepreneurship written by Simon C. Parker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of The Economics of Entrepreneurship is an essential resource for scholars following the current state of this fast-moving field, covering a broad range of topics in unparalleled depth. Designed to be used both as a textbook for specialist degree courses on the economics of entrepreneurship, and as a reference text for academic research in the field, the book draws on theoretical insights and recent empirical findings to show how economics can contribute to our understanding of entrepreneurship. New topics, such as crowdfunding, entrepreneurship education and microenterprise field experiments, appear for the first time, while existing treatments of topics like regional entrepreneurship, innovation and public policy are considerably deepened. Parker also discusses new empirical methods, including quasi-experimental methods and field experiments. Every section - indeed every page - of the new edition has been updated, resulting in a rigorous scientific account of entrepreneurship today.

DoesIt Pay Firms to Register for taxes? The Impact of Formality on Firm Profitability

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis DoesIt Pay Firms to Register for taxes? The Impact of Formality on Firm Profitability by :

Download or read book DoesIt Pay Firms to Register for taxes? The Impact of Formality on Firm Profitability written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Urban Labor Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821397826
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Urban Labor Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Philippe De Vreyer

Download or read book Urban Labor Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Philippe De Vreyer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-06-07 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although labor is usually the unique asset upon which poor people can make a living, little is known about the functioning of labor markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this volume is to contribute to the building of knowledge in this area. In this book, the authors use a unique set of identical and simultaneous labor force surveys conducted in seven capitals of Western Africa, as well as in some other African countries (Cameroon, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo) in the 2000s. They present innovative and original results on how people are faring in these labour markets, using up-to-date econometric and statistical methods. Because so little is known about labor markets in the region, each chapter starts with detailed descriptive statistics that aim to shed light onto specific aspects of African urban labor markets. Comparisons between the ten cities are systematically carried out. Descriptive sections are followed by in-depth analyses on various issues. The book is divided into four parts that examine 13 topics. Part I presents the main stylised facts, which are investigated further in a more analytical way throughout the volume. Part II focuses on job quality and labor market conditions, such as unemployment and underemployment, vulnerability, and job satisfaction. Part III explores the many dimensions of labor market inequalities through various lenses, such as returns on education, segmentation, life-cycle inequality (with a particular focus on old age), inter-generational mobility, time related inequality, and gender and ethnic earnings discrimination. Part IV addresses some key coping mechanisms and private responses, with a focus on migration and child labor. The book concludes with recommendations for future research.

Households as Corporate Firms

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521195829
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (211 download)

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Book Synopsis Households as Corporate Firms by : Krislert Samphantharak

Download or read book Households as Corporate Firms written by Krislert Samphantharak and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction; 2.