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Measurement Of The Two Photon Exchange Contribution To Lepton Proton Scattering With Olympus
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Book Synopsis Measurement of the Two-photon Exchange Contribution to Lepton-proton Scattering with OLYMPUS by : Lauren Ice
Download or read book Measurement of the Two-photon Exchange Contribution to Lepton-proton Scattering with OLYMPUS written by Lauren Ice and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OLYMPUS experiment measured the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering, over a range of four-momentum transfer from \(0.6
Book Synopsis The Contribution of Two-photon Exchange in Elastic Lepton-proton Scattering by : Colton David Graham O'Connor
Download or read book The Contribution of Two-photon Exchange in Elastic Lepton-proton Scattering written by Colton David Graham O'Connor and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements of the electric-to-magnetic ratio of the proton's elastic form factors, GE/GM, have recently been shown to diverge at high momentum transfer, Q2, based on which of two experimental methods is employed. Reanalysis of all results might be able to bring them into agreement if some previously neglected correction were introduced whose magnitude increases with Q2. In the high-energy community, two-photon exchange has become the favored candidate for such a correction. But theoretical models disagree on the size and form of a two-photon exchange correction term entering into elastic lepton-proton scattering and existent empirical data is not sufficiently precise to settle the matter. OLYMPUS is one of several new experiments designed to evaluate R2[gamma], the ratio of the elastic cross sections for positron-proton and electron-proton scattering, whose difference from unity provides a direct measure of the amplitude of the two-photon exchange matrix elements. In this dissertation, OLYMPUS is considered from its motivation, construction, and operation to its analysis, along with the associated Monte Carlo simulation. Special attention is given to the symmetric Møller/Bhabha detector system, which is not described in full elsewhere. The results achieved by the OLYMPUS collaboration, reported herein, achieve unprecedented precision over a wide kinematic range and make a significant contribution to the understanding of two-photon exchange.
Book Synopsis A Measurement of the Two-photon Exchange Effect in Elastic Electron-proton Scattering with OLYMPUS by : Rebecca Lynn Russell
Download or read book A Measurement of the Two-photon Exchange Effect in Elastic Electron-proton Scattering with OLYMPUS written by Rebecca Lynn Russell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elastic electron-proton scattering has long been the tool of choice for the study of the proton form factors, GE(Q 2 ) and GM(Q2 ), which describe the electric and magnetic distributions of the proton as a function of momentum transfer. Recent experiments, measuring the form factors from polarization observables in polarized elastic electron-proton scattering, have found values of the ratio GE(Q2 )/GM(Q2) at high Q2 that contradict the results from unpolarized measurements. A proposed explanation for this discrepancy is the unaccounted two-photon exchange radiative correction, which could affect the unpolarized measurements. As this effect is currently not possible to calculate in a model-independent way, the OLYMPUS experiment was designed to make a direct measurement of it by measuring the elastic positron-proton to electron-proton scattering cross section ratio. The experiment was run in 2012 at DESY using the BLAST spectrometer and the DORIS positron and electron beams at 2 GeV incident on a gaseous hydrogen target. To analyze the data, a careful reconstruction of the scattering events, detailed simulation of the experimental setup, and full radiative corrections to the measured cross sections were performed. Preliminary results for the experiment show a statistically significant two-photon exchange effect, increasing over the measurement range of 0.6 GeV2
Book Synopsis Measuring the Lepton Sign Asymmetry in Elastic Electron-proton Scattering with OLYMPUS by : Axel William Schmidt
Download or read book Measuring the Lepton Sign Asymmetry in Elastic Electron-proton Scattering with OLYMPUS written by Axel William Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OLYMPUS is a particle physics experiment that collected data in 2012 at DESY, in Hamburg, Germany, on the asymmetry between positron-proton and electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections. A non-zero asymmetry is evidence of hard two-photon exchange, which has been hypothesized to cause the discrepancy in measurements of the proton's electromagnetic form factors. Alternating electron and positron beams, accelerated to 2 GeV, were directed through a windowless, gaseous, hydrogen target, and the scattered lepton and recoiling proton were detected in coincidence using a large acceptance magnetic spectrometer. Determining the relative integrated luminosity between the electron and positron data sets was critical, and a new technique, involving multi-interaction events, was developed to achieve the desired sub-percent accuracy. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation was built in order to reproduce the convolution of systematic effects at every stage of the experiment. The first stage in the simulation was new radiative event generator, which permitted the full simulation of the non-trivial radiative corrections to the measurement. The analysis of the data and simulation showed that the lepton sign asymmetry rises by several percent between a momentum transfer of 0.5 GeV2 /c2 and 2.25 GeV2 /c2 . This rise as a function of increasing momentum transfer confirms that two photon exchange at least partially contributes to the proton form factor discrepancy.
Book Synopsis Two-photon Exchange Contribution to Elastic Electron–proton Scattering: Measurements at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring by :
Download or read book Two-photon Exchange Contribution to Elastic Electron–proton Scattering: Measurements at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hard Two-photon Contributions to Elastic Lepton-proton Scattering Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment by :
Download or read book Hard Two-photon Contributions to Elastic Lepton-proton Scattering Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Measurements of Two Photon Exchange on Lepton-proton Elastic Scattering Using Simultaneous Electron-positron Beams in CLAS by : Dasuni Kalhari Adikaram
Download or read book Direct Measurements of Two Photon Exchange on Lepton-proton Elastic Scattering Using Simultaneous Electron-positron Beams in CLAS written by Dasuni Kalhari Adikaram and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particle Physics At The Silver Jubilee Of Lomonosov Conferences - Proceedings Of The Eighteenth Lomonosov Conference On Elementary Particle Physics by : Studenikin Alexander I
Download or read book Particle Physics At The Silver Jubilee Of Lomonosov Conferences - Proceedings Of The Eighteenth Lomonosov Conference On Elementary Particle Physics written by Studenikin Alexander I and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume of these proceedings is devoted to a wide variety of items, both in theory and experiment, of particle physics such as neutrino and astroparticle physics, tests of standard model and beyond, hadron physics, gravitation and cosmology, physics at the present and future accelerators.
Book Synopsis The Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to Elastic Electron-Nucleon Scattering at Large Momentum Transfer by :
Download or read book The Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to Elastic Electron-Nucleon Scattering at Large Momentum Transfer written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering at large momentum transfer by using a quark-parton representation of virtual Compton scattering. We thus can relate the two-photon exchange amplitude to the generalized parton distributions which also enter in other wide angle scattering processes. We find that the interference of one- and two-photon exchange contribution is able to substantially resolve the difference between electric form factor measurements from Rosenbluth and polarization transfer experiments. Two-photon exchange has additional consequences which could be experimentally observed, including nonzero polarization effects and a positron-proton/electron-proton scattering asymmetry. The predicted Rosenbluth plot is no longer precisely linear; it acquires a measurable curvature, particularly at large laboratory angle.
Book Synopsis Two-photon Exchange Corrections in Elastic Lepton-proton Scattering by : Oleksandr Tomalak
Download or read book Two-photon Exchange Corrections in Elastic Lepton-proton Scattering written by Oleksandr Tomalak and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particle Physics At The Year Of Centenary Of Bruno Pontecorvo - Proceedings Of The Sixteenth Lomonosov Conference On Elementary Particle Physics by : Alexander I Studenikin
Download or read book Particle Physics At The Year Of Centenary Of Bruno Pontecorvo - Proceedings Of The Sixteenth Lomonosov Conference On Elementary Particle Physics written by Alexander I Studenikin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-03-11 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings are devoted to a wide variety of items, both in theory and experiment, of particle physics such as neutrino and astroparticle physics, tests of the standard model and beyond, and hadron physics. Also covered are gravitation and cosmology, and physics from present and future accelerators.
Book Synopsis Two Photon Exchange in Electron-proton Scattering by : Gary Kalman Greenhut
Download or read book Two Photon Exchange in Electron-proton Scattering written by Gary Kalman Greenhut and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab by : Latifa Elouadrhiri
Download or read book International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab written by Latifa Elouadrhiri and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2009-08-20 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newport News, Virginia, 25-27 March 2009
Book Synopsis Measurement of the Charge-averaged Elastic Lepton-proton Scattering Cross Section by the OLYMPUS Experiment by :
Download or read book Measurement of the Charge-averaged Elastic Lepton-proton Scattering Cross Section by the OLYMPUS Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of Two-photon Exchange in Electron Scattering by :
Download or read book Review of Two-photon Exchange in Electron Scattering written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the role of two-photon exchange (TPE) in electron-hadron scattering, focusing in particular on hadronic frameworks suitable for describing the low and moderate Q^2 region relevant to most experimental studies. We discuss the effects of TPE on the extraction of nucleon form factors and their role in the resolution of the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio puzzle. The implications of TPE on various other observables, including neutron form factors, electroproduction of resonances and pions, and nuclear form factors, are summarized. Measurements seeking to directly identify TPE effects, such as through the angular dependence of polarization measurements, nonlinear epsilon contributions to the cross sections, and via e+p to e-p cross section ratios, are also outlined. In the weak sector, we describe the role of TPE and gamma-Z interference in parity-violating electron scattering, and assess their impact on the extraction of the strange form factors of the nucleon and the weak charge of the proton.
Book Synopsis Two-photon Exchange in Elastic and Inelastic Electron-proton Scattering by : W. Melnitchouk
Download or read book Two-photon Exchange in Elastic and Inelastic Electron-proton Scattering written by W. Melnitchouk and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present an explicit quantum field theoretical calculation of two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering and to Delta resonance production in electron-proton collisions.
Book Synopsis Two-Photon-Exchange Correction to Parity-Violating Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering by :
Download or read book Two-Photon-Exchange Correction to Parity-Violating Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Higher-order QED effects play an important role in precision measurements of nucleon elastic form factors in electron scattering. Here we introduce a two-photon exchange QED correction to the parity-violating polarization asymmetry of elastic electron-proton scattering. We calculate this correction in the parton model using the formalism of generalized parton distributions, and demonstrate that it can reach several per cent in certain kinematics, becoming comparable in size with existing experimental measurements of strange-quark effects in the proton neutral weak current.
