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Markup Economics
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Download or read book Markup Economics written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-02-04 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Markup Economics The difference between the selling price of a product or service and the cost of producing that product or service is known as the markup. When represented as a percentage of the total cost, it is frequently used. Additionally, in order to generate a profit and cover the expenses that are associated with running a business, a markup is added to the total cost that is incurred by the producer of a product or service. A product's total cost is the sum of all of its expenses, both fixed and variable, that are incurred during the manufacturing and distribution processes. In addition to being expressed as a fixed sum, markup can also be expressed as a percentage of the total cost or selling price. The difference between the wholesale price and the retail price is typically used to compute the retail markup, which is then expressed as a percentage of the wholesale price. Additional approaches are also utilized. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Markup (business) Chapter 2: Cost accounting Chapter 3: Wholesaling Chapter 4: Retail Chapter 5: Price Chapter 6: Sales promotion Chapter 7: Pricing Chapter 8: Revenue Chapter 9: Cost-plus pricing Chapter 10: Cost of goods sold Chapter 11: Variety store Chapter 12: List price Chapter 13: Net income Chapter 14: Profit margin Chapter 15: Drop shipping Chapter 16: Gross margin Chapter 17: Contribution margin Chapter 18: Merchant account Chapter 19: Pricing strategies Chapter 20: Everyday low price Chapter 21: Invoice price (II) Answering the public top questions about markup economics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of markup economics in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Markup Economics.
Book Synopsis Markups, Gaps, and the Welfare Costs of Business Fluctuations by : Jordi Galí
Download or read book Markups, Gaps, and the Welfare Costs of Business Fluctuations written by Jordi Galí and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we present a simple, theory-based measure of the variations in aggregate economic efficiency associated with business fluctuations. We decompose this indicator, which we refer to as 'the gap', into two constituent parts: a price markup and a wage markup, and show that the latter accounts for the bulk of the fluctuations in our gap measure. Finally, we derive a measure of the welfare costs of business cycles that is directly related to our gap variable, and which takes into account explicitly the existence of a varying aggregate inefficiency. When applied to postwar U.S. data, for plausible parametrizations, our measure suggests welfare losses of fluctuations that are of a higher order of magnitude than those derived by Lucas (1987). It also suggests that the major postwar recessions involved substantial efficiency costs.
Book Synopsis Financial Economics of Insurance by : Ralph S.J. Koijen
Download or read book Financial Economics of Insurance written by Ralph S.J. Koijen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative and comprehensive graduate textbook on the modern insurance sector The traditional role of insurers is to insure idiosyncratic risk through products such as life annuities, life insurance, and health insurance. With the decline of private defined benefit plans and government pension plans around the world, insurers are increasingly taking on the role of insuring market risk through minimum return guarantees. Insurers also use more complex capital management tools such as derivatives, off-balance-sheet reinsurance, and securities lending. Financial Economics of Insurance provides a unified framework to study the impact of financial and regulatory frictions as well as imperfect competition on all insurer decisions. The book covers all facets of the modern insurance sector, guiding readers through its complexities with empirical facts, institutional details, and quantitative modeling. An up-to-date textbook for graduate students in economics, finance, and insurance Covers a broad range of topics, including insurance pricing, contract design, reinsurance, portfolio choice, and risk management Provides promising new directions for future research Can be taught in courses on asset pricing, corporate finance, industrial organization, and public economics An invaluable resource for policymakers seeking an empirical and institutional account of today’s insurance sector
Book Synopsis A New Guide to Post Keynesian Economics by : Richard P. F. Holt
Download or read book A New Guide to Post Keynesian Economics written by Richard P. F. Holt and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a comprehensive introduction to the post-Keynesian position on key issues confronting economists and public policy makers, this text reflects the changes that have occurred in post-Keynesian thought in recent years.
Author :United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on International Trade, Finance, and Security Economics Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :656 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Defense Economics Issues by : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on International Trade, Finance, and Security Economics
Download or read book Defense Economics Issues written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on International Trade, Finance, and Security Economics and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Tourism Destinations by : Guido Candela
Download or read book The Economics of Tourism Destinations written by Guido Candela and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book aims at providing an overview of the main economic issues related to tourism activities. While tourism is an important sector, contributing to more than 10% of the European Union’s GDP, research and teaching at the university level has only recently grown to a considerable level, and the field still lacks a firm research methodology. This book approaches tourism economics as an applied field of study in which tourism markets are represented as imperfect markets, with asymmetric and incomplete information among agents, bounded rationality, and with a strong presence of externalities and public goods. The economic issues studied in the book are approached both intuitively, largely using examples and case studies, and formally, with mathematical formalizations in text boxes.
Book Synopsis Teaching Post Keynesian Economics by : Jesper Jespersen
Download or read book Teaching Post Keynesian Economics written by Jesper Jespersen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contends that post Keynesian economics has its own methodological and didactic basis, and its realistic analysis is much-needed in the current economic and financial crisis. At a time when the original message of KeynesÕ General Theory is no longer present in the most university syllabuses, this book celebrates the uniqueness of teaching post Keynesian economics, providing comparisons with traditional economic rationale and illustrating the advantages of post Keynesian pedagogy. Against a backdrop in which neo-classical textbooks prevail, the expert contributors demonstrate that Keynes and The General Theory possess indispensable insight that would furnish students with a clearer understanding of the world economy in which they live. They explore the teaching of post Keynesian economics from a number of different perspectives, covering topics such as open system theorizing, pluralism in teaching, rhetoric in the spirit of Keynes, uncertainty, expectations and money. A critique of mainstream and traditional economic textbooks is also provided. This highly unique and fascinating book will provide an invaluable reference tool for teachers and researchers in post Keynesian economics, as well as their students.
Book Synopsis Gardiner C.Mean's Institutional and Post-Keynesian Economics by : Warren J. Samuels
Download or read book Gardiner C.Mean's Institutional and Post-Keynesian Economics written by Warren J. Samuels and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gardiner Means has a secure place in the history of 20th century economic thought, as the co-author with A.A.Berle of "The Modern Corporation and Private Property". But according to Samuels and Medema, Means should be remembered for major contributions in both micro- and macroeconomics. The authors discuss Means's ideas of administered pricing and profit maximization within the giant corporation, the possible links between industrial structure and macroeconomic performance, a theory of the firm as it relates to the market, and the micro foundations of macroeconomics. Central to Means's macroeconomics is his theory that administered pricing generates inflation and stagflation. Means, in the authors' view, was a seminal thinker and a post-Keynesian economist, as well as an institutionalist. This book also gives an precis of Means's unusual career in government and the academy.
Book Synopsis Kalecki's Principle of Increasing Risk and Keynesian Economics by : Tracy Mott
Download or read book Kalecki's Principle of Increasing Risk and Keynesian Economics written by Tracy Mott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kalecki was one of an important generation of Cambridge economists. Here, Tracy Mott's impressive book examines the relationship of Kalecki's economics to different economic areas and its relationship to major alternative schools, such as Keynes and Marx. Mott looks at Kalecki's 'principle of increasing risk' and how it gives the way in which the reproduction and expansion of wealth can bring a coherent unity to economic analysis. In so doing, it makes sense out of the fundamental conclusions of Keynesian economics on the underemployment of labour and capital.
Book Synopsis Economic Principles and Problems by : Geoffrey Schneider
Download or read book Economic Principles and Problems written by Geoffrey Schneider and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic Principles and Problems: A Pluralistic Introduction offers a comprehensive introduction to the major perspectives in modern economics, including mainstream and heterodox approaches. Through providing multiple views of markets and how they work, it leaves readers better able to understand and analyze the complex behaviors of consumers, firms, and government officials, as well as the likely impact of a variety of economic events and policies. Most principles of economics textbooks cover only mainstream economics, ignoring rich heterodox ideas. They also lack material on the great economists, including the important ideas of Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, John Maynard Keynes, and Friedrich Hayek. Mainstream books tend to neglect the kind of historical analysis that is crucial to understanding trends that help us predict the future. Moreover, they focus primarily on abstract models more than existing economic realities. This engaging book addresses these inadequacies. Including explicit coverage of mainstream economics and the major heterodox schools of economic thought—institutionalists, feminists, radical political economists, post-Keynesians, Austrians, and social economists—it allows the reader to choose which ideas they find most compelling in explaining modern economic realities. Written in an engaging style and focused on real-world examples, this textbook brings economics to life. Multiple examples of how each economic model works, coupled with critical analysis of the assumptions behind them, enable students to develop a sophisticated understanding of the material. Digital supplements are also available for students and instructors. Economic Principles and Problems offers the most contemporary and complete package for any pluralist economics class.
Book Synopsis A New Economics for Modern Dynamic Economies by : Angelo Fusari
Download or read book A New Economics for Modern Dynamic Economies written by Angelo Fusari and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is becoming increasingly clear that a new economics is required for investigating modern dynamic economies and the coming social world. Important features of those economies, such as innovation, uncertainty and entrepreneurship, are usually considered capitalist features. This may have been true historically, but this book argues that the contrary will be true for the future: the full and efficient operation of those supposed capitalist features will increasingly require the overcoming of capitalist civilization. In this book, Angelo Fusari constructs a theoretical framework for the interpretation and management of modern dynamic economies which demonstrates that institutional transformations are essential if we are to move beyond the current consumer-capitalist age and the age of the domination of financial capital. A New Economics for Modern Dynamic Economies opens with a consideration of the basic aspects of modern dynamic economies and proceeds to develop a representation of the whole economic system centred on the interrelationships between entrepreneurship, innovation and radical uncertainty in a ‘dynamic competition’ process. This model provides an explanation of business cycles that largely differs from current explanations as it derives from the notion of dynamic competition. The book is then extended from the sectoral to the micro level and then to the level of the firm. The second half of the book is concerned with operational problems and in particular with the integration of this analysis of cycles with the notion of historical phases of development. The final chapter explores the route of the transition from capitalism to a new economic and social order – a transition of vital importance, both for the contemporary world and for the coming world. This volume is of great interest to those who study political economy, macroeconomics and economic theory and philosophy. The book shows the possibility of a scientific explanation of important ethical principles as indispensable to the organizational efficiency of the social system: for instance, the necessity and the way to conciliate productive efficiency, social justice and individual freedom.
Book Synopsis The Economics of the Audiovisual Industry: Financing TV, Film and Web by : Mario La Torre
Download or read book The Economics of the Audiovisual Industry: Financing TV, Film and Web written by Mario La Torre and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY licence. Recent reductions in public funding for audiovisual products have led to dramatic changes in the industry. The lack of interaction between the industry and capital markets has made sourcing funds for audiovisual products especially difficult. This book explains why the distance between the audiovisual and financial markets exists, and considers the perspective of both audiovisual companies and financial intermediaries. Providing a thorough overview of the audiovisual industry in three major categories (television, cinema and web), it analyses the financing behind each. The author adapts the traditional assessment methods to include exploitation rights, distribution deals and risk determinants ; he also proposes a pricing model for the audiovisual products demonstrating that prices and values in a industry of prototype goods do not depend solely on cost and revenue. The book also includes a methodology for analysing the economics of the sector, the different sales agreements between broadcasters and the distribution deals between distributors and independent producers. Finally, a description of the main financial products for private finance is provided, as well as an explanation of how public funds can act as leverage to catalyze private resources through the use of guarantee funds. In The Economics of the Audiovisual Industry the author suggests that rather than relying on subsidized public support, the audiovisual industry should foster private-public partnerships and market dynamics to promote an alternative funding model based on a profitable and long-lasting connection between the audiovisual and financial markets. The valuation model, both for products and firms, proposed in this book are at the basis of this new approach.
Book Synopsis Ebook: Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture by : Brickley
Download or read book Ebook: Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture written by Brickley and published by McGraw Hill. This book was released on 2015-05-16 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ebook: Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture
Book Synopsis Handbook of International Economics by :
Download or read book Handbook of International Economics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-03-18 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of International Economics, Fifth Edition provides a definitive reference and teaching supplement for researchers and advanced graduate students. It includes self-contained surveys of the current state of a branch of economics in the form of chapters prepared by leading specialists. These surveys summarize not only received results but also newer developments from journal articles and discussion papers. Some original material is included, but the handbook's main goal is to provide comprehensive and accessible surveys. While this is a useful reference for professional collections, it's also a great resource for supplementary readings for advanced courses for graduate students in economics. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Handbook of International Economics series Includes self-contained surveys of the current state of a branch of economics in the form of chapters prepared by leading specialists
Download or read book Economics written by Douglas McTaggart and published by Pearson Higher Education AU. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High quality, engaging content for students...ultimate flexibility for educators The seventh edition of this benchmark Australian text continues to offer students a comprehensive and relevant introduction to economics whilst offering educators the ability to customise and deliver content – your way. Economics 7th edition provides a streamlined approach to study and recognises the difficulties some students may face in comprehending key concepts. By leaving the more technical content and application until later, students can enjoy the more exciting policy material from the beginning and engage with the content early. Through compelling examples, clear explanations and the latest instructive on-line resources, the text draws students into the content and reinforces learning through practice and solving problems which are relevant to them. The authors train students to think about issues in the way real economists do, and learn how to explore difficult policy problems and make more informed decisions by offering a clear introduction to theory and applying the concepts to today’s events, news, and research.
Book Synopsis Microeconomic Principles and Problems by : Geoffrey Schneider
Download or read book Microeconomic Principles and Problems written by Geoffrey Schneider and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microeconomic Principles and Problems offers a comprehensive introduction to all major perspectives in modern economics, including mainstream and heterodox approaches. Through providing multiple views of markets and how they work, it will leave readers better able to understand and analyse the complex behaviours of consumers, firms, and government officials, as well as the likely impact of a variety of economic events and policies. Most principles of microeconomics textbooks cover only mainstream economics, ignoring rich heterodox ideas. They also lack material on the great economists, including the important ideas of Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich Hayek. Mainstream books neglect the kind of historical analysis that is crucial to understanding trends that help us predict the future. Moreover, they focus on abstract models more than existing economic realities. This engaging book addresses these inadequacies. Including explicit coverage of the major heterodox schools of thought, it allows the reader to choose which ideas they find most compelling in explaining modern economic realities. Written in an engaging style focused on real world examples, this ground-breaking book brings economics to life. It offers the most contemporary and complete package for any pluralistic microeconomics class.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics, Volume 1 by : Geoffrey Colin Harcourt
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics, Volume 1 written by Geoffrey Colin Harcourt and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These two volumes cover the principal areas to which Post-Keynesian economists have made distinctive contributions. The contents include the significant criticism by Post-Keynesians of mainstream economics, but the emphasis is on positive Post-Keynesian analysis of the economic problems of the modern world and of policies with which to tackle them.
