Markovs Theorem And 100 Years Of The Uniqueness Conjecture

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Markov's Theorem and 100 Years of the Uniqueness Conjecture

Author : Martin Aigner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319008889
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Markov's Theorem and 100 Years of the Uniqueness Conjecture by : Martin Aigner

Download or read book Markov's Theorem and 100 Years of the Uniqueness Conjecture written by Martin Aigner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes the reader on a mathematical journey, from a number-theoretic point of view, to the realm of Markov’s theorem and the uniqueness conjecture, gradually unfolding many beautiful connections until everything falls into place in the proof of Markov’s theorem. What makes the Markov theme so attractive is that it appears in an astounding variety of different fields, from number theory to combinatorics, from classical groups and geometry to the world of graphs and words. On the way, there are also introductory forays into some fascinating topics that do not belong to the standard curriculum, such as Farey fractions, modular and free groups, hyperbolic planes, and algebraic words. The book closes with a discussion of the current state of knowledge about the uniqueness conjecture, which remains an open challenge to this day. All the material should be accessible to upper-level undergraduates with some background in number theory, and anything beyond this level is fully explained in the text. This is not a monograph in the usual sense concentrating on a specific topic. Instead, it narrates in five parts – Numbers, Trees, Groups, Words, Finale – the story of a discovery in one field and its many manifestations in others, as a tribute to a great mathematical achievement and as an intellectual pleasure, contemplating the marvellous unity of all mathematics.

An Illustrated Theory of Numbers

Author : Martin H. Weissman
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470463717
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis An Illustrated Theory of Numbers by : Martin H. Weissman

Download or read book An Illustrated Theory of Numbers written by Martin H. Weissman and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: News about this title: — Author Marty Weissman has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for 2020. (Learn more here.) — Selected as a 2018 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title — 2018 PROSE Awards Honorable Mention An Illustrated Theory of Numbers gives a comprehensive introduction to number theory, with complete proofs, worked examples, and exercises. Its exposition reflects the most recent scholarship in mathematics and its history. Almost 500 sharp illustrations accompany elegant proofs, from prime decomposition through quadratic reciprocity. Geometric and dynamical arguments provide new insights, and allow for a rigorous approach with less algebraic manipulation. The final chapters contain an extended treatment of binary quadratic forms, using Conway's topograph to solve quadratic Diophantine equations (e.g., Pell's equation) and to study reduction and the finiteness of class numbers. Data visualizations introduce the reader to open questions and cutting-edge results in analytic number theory such as the Riemann hypothesis, boundedness of prime gaps, and the class number 1 problem. Accompanying each chapter, historical notes curate primary sources and secondary scholarship to trace the development of number theory within and outside the Western tradition. Requiring only high school algebra and geometry, this text is recommended for a first course in elementary number theory. It is also suitable for mathematicians seeking a fresh perspective on an ancient subject.

Integrability, Quantization, and Geometry: II. Quantum Theories and Algebraic Geometry

Author : Sergey Novikov
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470455927
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrability, Quantization, and Geometry: II. Quantum Theories and Algebraic Geometry by : Sergey Novikov

Download or read book Integrability, Quantization, and Geometry: II. Quantum Theories and Algebraic Geometry written by Sergey Novikov and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of articles written in memory of Boris Dubrovin (1950–2019). The authors express their admiration for his remarkable personality and for the contributions he made to mathematical physics. For many of the authors, Dubrovin was a friend, colleague, inspiring mentor, and teacher. The contributions to this collection of papers are split into two parts: “Integrable Systems” and “Quantum Theories and Algebraic Geometry”, reflecting the areas of main scientific interests of Dubrovin. Chronologically, these interests may be divided into several parts: integrable systems, integrable systems of hydrodynamic type, WDVV equations (Frobenius manifolds), isomonodromy equations (flat connections), and quantum cohomology. The articles included in the first part are more or less directly devoted to these areas (primarily with the first three listed above). The second part contains articles on quantum theories and algebraic geometry and is less directly connected with Dubrovin's early interests.

Combinatorics on Words

Author : Robert Mercaş
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030287963
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Combinatorics on Words by : Robert Mercaş

Download or read book Combinatorics on Words written by Robert Mercaş and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-02 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Combinatorics on Words, WORDS 2019, held in Loughborough, UK, in September 2019. The 21 revised full papers presented in this book together with 5 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 34 submissions. WORDS is the main conference series devoted to the mathematical theory of words. In particular, the combinatorial, algebraic and algorithmic aspects of words are emphasized. Motivations may also come from other domains such as theoretical computer science, bioinformatics, digital geometry, symbolic dynamics, numeration systems, text processing, number theory, etc.

From Christoffel Words to Markoff Numbers

Author : Christophe Reutenauer
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198827547
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis From Christoffel Words to Markoff Numbers by : Christophe Reutenauer

Download or read book From Christoffel Words to Markoff Numbers written by Christophe Reutenauer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1875, Elwin Bruno Christoffel introduced a special class of words on a binary alphabet linked to continued fractions which would go onto be known as Christoffel words. Some years later, Andrey Markoff published his famous theory, the now called Markoff theory. It characterized certain quadratic forms and certain real numbers by extremal inequalities. Both classes are constructed using certain natural numbers known as Markoff numbers and they are characterized by a certain Diophantine equality. More basically, they are constructed using certain words essentially the Christoffel words. The link between Christoffel words and the theory of Markoff was noted by Ferdinand Frobenius in 1913, but has been neglected in recent times. Motivated by this overlooked connection, this book looks to expand on the relationship between these two areas. Part 1 focuses on the classical theory of Markoff, while Part II explores the more advanced and recent results of the theory of Christoffel words.

Farey Sequences

Author : Andrey O. Matveev
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311054766X
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Farey Sequences by : Andrey O. Matveev

Download or read book Farey Sequences written by Andrey O. Matveev and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a first comprehensive overview on Farey sequences and subsequences, this monograph is intended as a reference for anyone looking for specific material or formulas related to the subject. Duality of subsequences and maps between them are discussed and explicit proofs are shown in detail. From the Content Basic structural and enumerative properties of Farey sequences, Collective decision making, Committee methods in pattern recognition, Farey duality, Farey sequence, Fundamental Farey subsequences, Monotone bijections between Farey subsequences

Quadratic Number Fields

Author : Franz Lemmermeyer
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030786528
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Quadratic Number Fields by : Franz Lemmermeyer

Download or read book Quadratic Number Fields written by Franz Lemmermeyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-18 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This undergraduate textbook provides an elegant introduction to the arithmetic of quadratic number fields, including many topics not usually covered in books at this level. Quadratic fields offer an introduction to algebraic number theory and some of its central objects: rings of integers, the unit group, ideals and the ideal class group. This textbook provides solid grounding for further study by placing the subject within the greater context of modern algebraic number theory. Going beyond what is usually covered at this level, the book introduces the notion of modularity in the context of quadratic reciprocity, explores the close links between number theory and geometry via Pell conics, and presents applications to Diophantine equations such as the Fermat and Catalan equations as well as elliptic curves. Throughout, the book contains extensive historical comments, numerous exercises (with solutions), and pointers to further study. Assuming a moderate background in elementary number theory and abstract algebra, Quadratic Number Fields offers an engaging first course in algebraic number theory, suitable for upper undergraduate students.

Pattern Recognition on Oriented Matroids

Author : Andrey O. Matveev
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110531143
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Pattern Recognition on Oriented Matroids by : Andrey O. Matveev

Download or read book Pattern Recognition on Oriented Matroids written by Andrey O. Matveev and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pattern Recognition on Oriented Matroids covers a range of innovative problems in combinatorics, poset and graph theories, optimization, and number theory that constitute a far-reaching extension of the arsenal of committee methods in pattern recognition. The groundwork for the modern committee theory was laid in the mid-1960s, when it was shown that the familiar notion of solution to a feasible system of linear inequalities has ingenious analogues which can serve as collective solutions to infeasible systems. A hierarchy of dialects in the language of mathematics, for instance, open cones in the context of linear inequality systems, regions of hyperplane arrangements, and maximal covectors (or topes) of oriented matroids, provides an excellent opportunity to take a fresh look at the infeasible system of homogeneous strict linear inequalities – the standard working model for the contradictory two-class pattern recognition problem in its geometric setting. The universal language of oriented matroid theory considerably simplifies a structural and enumerative analysis of applied aspects of the infeasibility phenomenon. The present book is devoted to several selected topics in the emerging theory of pattern recognition on oriented matroids: the questions of existence and applicability of matroidal generalizations of committee decision rules and related graph-theoretic constructions to oriented matroids with very weak restrictions on their structural properties; a study (in which, in particular, interesting subsequences of the Farey sequence appear naturally) of the hierarchy of the corresponding tope committees; a description of the three-tope committees that are the most attractive approximation to the notion of solution to an infeasible system of linear constraints; an application of convexity in oriented matroids as well as blocker constructions in combinatorial optimization and in poset theory to enumerative problems on tope committees; an attempt to clarify how elementary changes (one-element reorientations) in an oriented matroid affect the family of its tope committees; a discrete Fourier analysis of the important family of critical tope committees through rank and distance relations in the tope poset and the tope graph; the characterization of a key combinatorial role played by the symmetric cycles in hypercube graphs. Contents Oriented Matroids, the Pattern Recognition Problem, and Tope Committees Boolean Intervals Dehn–Sommerville Type Relations Farey Subsequences Blocking Sets of Set Families, and Absolute Blocking Constructions in Posets Committees of Set Families, and Relative Blocking Constructions in Posets Layers of Tope Committees Three-Tope Committees Halfspaces, Convex Sets, and Tope Committees Tope Committees and Reorientations of Oriented Matroids Topes and Critical Committees Critical Committees and Distance Signals Symmetric Cycles in the Hypercube Graphs

Integrability, Quantization, and Geometry: I. Integrable Systems

Author : Sergey Novikov
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470455919
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrability, Quantization, and Geometry: I. Integrable Systems by : Sergey Novikov

Download or read book Integrability, Quantization, and Geometry: I. Integrable Systems written by Sergey Novikov and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of articles written in memory of Boris Dubrovin (1950–2019). The authors express their admiration for his remarkable personality and for the contributions he made to mathematical physics. For many of the authors, Dubrovin was a friend, colleague, inspiring mentor, and teacher. The contributions to this collection of papers are split into two parts: “Integrable Systems” and “Quantum Theories and Algebraic Geometry”, reflecting the areas of main scientific interests of Dubrovin. Chronologically, these interests may be divided into several parts: integrable systems, integrable systems of hydrodynamic type, WDVV equations (Frobenius manifolds), isomonodromy equations (flat connections), and quantum cohomology. The articles included in the first part are more or less directly devoted to these areas (primarily with the first three listed above). The second part contains articles on quantum theories and algebraic geometry and is less directly connected with Dubrovin's early interests.

Computation and Combinatorics in Dynamics, Stochastics and Control

Author : Elena Celledoni
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030015939
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Computation and Combinatorics in Dynamics, Stochastics and Control by : Elena Celledoni

Download or read book Computation and Combinatorics in Dynamics, Stochastics and Control written by Elena Celledoni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-13 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Abel Symposia volume at hand contains a collection of high-quality articles written by the world’s leading experts, and addressing all mathematicians interested in advances in deterministic and stochastic dynamical systems, numerical analysis, and control theory. In recent years we have witnessed a remarkable convergence between individual mathematical disciplines that approach deterministic and stochastic dynamical systems from mathematical analysis, computational mathematics and control theoretical perspectives. Breakthrough developments in these fields now provide a common mathematical framework for attacking many different problems related to differential geometry, analysis and algorithms for stochastic and deterministic dynamics. In the Abel Symposium 2016, which took place from August 16-19 in Rosendal near Bergen, leading researchers in the fields of deterministic and stochastic differential equations, control theory, numerical analysis, algebra and random processes presented and discussed the current state of the art in these diverse fields. The current Abel Symposia volume may serve as a point of departure for exploring these related but diverse fields of research, as well as an indicator of important current and future developments in modern mathematics.

The Markoff and Lagrange Spectra

Author : Thomas W. Cusick
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821815318
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Markoff and Lagrange Spectra by : Thomas W. Cusick

Download or read book The Markoff and Lagrange Spectra written by Thomas W. Cusick and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1989 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is directed at mathematicians interested in Diophantine approximation and the theory of quadratic forms and the relationship of these subjects to Markoff and Lagrange spectra. The authors have gathered and systemized numerous results from the diverse and scattered literature, much of which has appeared in rather inaccessible Russian publications. Readers will find a comprehensive overview of the theory of the Markoff and Lagrange spectra, starting with the origins of the subject in two papers of A. Markoff from 1879-80. Most of the progress since that time has occurred in the last 20 years or so, when there has been a resurgence of interest in these spectra. The authors provide an excellent exposition of these developments, in addition to presenting many proofs and correcting various errors in the literature.

The Knot Book

Author : Colin Conrad Adams
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821836781
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Knot Book by : Colin Conrad Adams

Download or read book The Knot Book written by Colin Conrad Adams and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knots are familiar objects. Yet the mathematical theory of knots quickly leads to deep results in topology and geometry. This work offers an introduction to this theory, starting with our understanding of knots. It presents the applications of knot theory to modern chemistry, biology and physics.

What's Happening in the Mathematical Sciences

Author : Barry Cipra
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 9780821890431
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis What's Happening in the Mathematical Sciences by : Barry Cipra

Download or read book What's Happening in the Mathematical Sciences written by Barry Cipra and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematicians like to point out that mathematics is universal. In spite of this, most people continue to view it as either mundane (balancing a checkbook) or mysterious (cryptography). This fifth volume of the What's Happening series contradicts that view by showing that mathematics is indeed found everywhere-in science, art, history, and our everyday lives. Here is some of what you'll find in this volume: Mathematics and Science Mathematical biology: Mathematics was key tocracking the genetic code. Now, new mathematics is needed to understand the three-dimensional structure of the proteins produced from that code. Celestial mechanics and cosmology: New methods have revealed a multitude of solutions to the three-body problem. And other new work may answer one of cosmology'smost fundamental questions: What is the size and shape of the universe? Mathematics and Everyday Life Traffic jams: New models are helping researchers understand where traffic jams come from-and maybe what to do about them! Small worlds: Researchers have found a short distance from theory to applications in the study of small world networks. Elegance in Mathematics Beyond Fermat's Last Theorem: Number theorists are reaching higher ground after Wiles' astounding 1994 proof: new developments inthe elegant world of elliptic curves and modular functions. The Millennium Prize Problems: The Clay Mathematics Institute has offered a million dollars for solutions to seven important and difficult unsolved problems. These are just some of the topics of current interest that are covered in thislatest volume of What's Happening in the Mathematical Sciences. The book has broad appeal for a wide spectrum of mathematicians and scientists, from high school students through advanced-level graduates and researchers.

Geometry of Continued Fractions

Author : Oleg N. Karpenkov
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3662652773
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis Geometry of Continued Fractions by : Oleg N. Karpenkov

Download or read book Geometry of Continued Fractions written by Oleg N. Karpenkov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-28 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a new geometric vision of continued fractions. It covers several applications to questions related to such areas as Diophantine approximation, algebraic number theory, and toric geometry. The second edition now includes a geometric approach to Gauss Reduction Theory, classification of integer regular polygons and some further new subjects. Traditionally a subject of number theory, continued fractions appear in dynamical systems, algebraic geometry, topology, and even celestial mechanics. The rise of computational geometry has resulted in renewed interest in multidimensional generalizations of continued fractions. Numerous classical theorems have been extended to the multidimensional case, casting light on phenomena in diverse areas of mathematics. The reader will find an overview of current progress in the geometric theory of multidimensional continued fractions accompanied by currently open problems. Whenever possible, we illustrate geometric constructions with figures and examples. Each chapter has exercises useful for undergraduate or graduate courses.

High-Dimensional Probability

Author : Roman Vershynin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108415199
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis High-Dimensional Probability by : Roman Vershynin

Download or read book High-Dimensional Probability written by Roman Vershynin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated package of powerful probabilistic tools and key applications in modern mathematical data science.

Mathematics and Computation

Author : Avi Wigderson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691189137
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics and Computation by : Avi Wigderson

Download or read book Mathematics and Computation written by Avi Wigderson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to computational complexity theory, its connections and interactions with mathematics, and its central role in the natural and social sciences, technology, and philosophy Mathematics and Computation provides a broad, conceptual overview of computational complexity theory—the mathematical study of efficient computation. With important practical applications to computer science and industry, computational complexity theory has evolved into a highly interdisciplinary field, with strong links to most mathematical areas and to a growing number of scientific endeavors. Avi Wigderson takes a sweeping survey of complexity theory, emphasizing the field’s insights and challenges. He explains the ideas and motivations leading to key models, notions, and results. In particular, he looks at algorithms and complexity, computations and proofs, randomness and interaction, quantum and arithmetic computation, and cryptography and learning, all as parts of a cohesive whole with numerous cross-influences. Wigderson illustrates the immense breadth of the field, its beauty and richness, and its diverse and growing interactions with other areas of mathematics. He ends with a comprehensive look at the theory of computation, its methodology and aspirations, and the unique and fundamental ways in which it has shaped and will further shape science, technology, and society. For further reading, an extensive bibliography is provided for all topics covered. Mathematics and Computation is useful for undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, computer science, and related fields, as well as researchers and teachers in these fields. Many parts require little background, and serve as an invitation to newcomers seeking an introduction to the theory of computation. Comprehensive coverage of computational complexity theory, and beyond High-level, intuitive exposition, which brings conceptual clarity to this central and dynamic scientific discipline Historical accounts of the evolution and motivations of central concepts and models A broad view of the theory of computation's influence on science, technology, and society Extensive bibliography

Introduction to Probability

Author : David F. Anderson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110824498X
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Probability by : David F. Anderson

Download or read book Introduction to Probability written by David F. Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classroom-tested textbook is an introduction to probability theory, with the right balance between mathematical precision, probabilistic intuition, and concrete applications. Introduction to Probability covers the material precisely, while avoiding excessive technical details. After introducing the basic vocabulary of randomness, including events, probabilities, and random variables, the text offers the reader a first glimpse of the major theorems of the subject: the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. The important probability distributions are introduced organically as they arise from applications. The discrete and continuous sides of probability are treated together to emphasize their similarities. Intended for students with a calculus background, the text teaches not only the nuts and bolts of probability theory and how to solve specific problems, but also why the methods of solution work.