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Author : James Pustejovsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Markedness and Learnability written by James Pustejovsky and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Edwin L. Battistella
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195103947
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)
Download or read book The Logic of Markedness written by Edwin L. Battistella and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1996 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theories of language espoused by linguists during much of this century have assumed that there is a hierarchy to the elements of language such that certain constructions, rules, and features are unmarked while others are marked; "happy" for example, is unmarked or neutral, while "unhappy" is marked. This opposition, referred to as markedness, is one of the concepts which both Chomskyan generative grammar and Jakobsonian structuralism appear to share, yet which each tradition has treated differently. Edwin Battistella studies the historical development of the concept of markedness in the Prague School structuralism of Roman Jakobson, its importation into generative linguistics, and its subsequent development within Chomsky's "principles and parameters" framework. He traces how structuralist and generative linguistics have drawn on and expanded the notion of markedness, both as a means of characterizing linguistic constructs and as a theory of the innate language faculty. Rather than proposing a new theory of markedness, The Logic of Markedness studies the evolution of the concept and its treatment in two different but related linguistic frameworks, and as such will appeal to many linguists interested in markedness, in Jakobsonian and Chomskyan theories of grammar, and in language acquisition.
Author : R.J. Matthews
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400909551
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Learnability and Linguistic Theory written by R.J. Matthews and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impetus for this volume developed from the 1982 University of Western Ontario Learnability Workshop, which was organized by the editors and sponsored by that University's Department of Philosophy and the Centre for Cognitive Science. The volume e~plores the import of learnability theory for contemporary linguistic theory, focusing on foundational learning-theoretic issues associated with the parametrized Government-Binding (G-B) framework. Written by prominent re searchers in the field, all but two of the eight contributions are pre viously unpublished. The editor's introduction provides an overview that interrelates the separate papers and elucidates the foundational issues addressed by the volume. Osherson, Stob, and Weinstein's "Learning Theory and Natural Language" first appeared in Cognition (1984); Matthews's "The Plausi bility of Rationalism" was published in the Journal of Philosophy (1984). The editors would like to thank the publishers for permission to reprint these papers. Mr. Marin Marinov assisted with the preparation of the indices for the volume. VB ROBERT 1. MATTHEWS INTRODUCTION: LEARNABILITY AND LINGUISTIC THEORY 1. INTRODUCTION Formal learning theory, as the name suggests, studies the learnability of different classes of formal objects (languages, grammars, theories, etc.) under different formal models of learning. The specification of such a model, which specifies (a) a learning environment, (b) a learn ing strategy, and (c) a criterion for successful learning, determines (d) a class of formal objects, namely, the class that can be acquired to the level of the specified success criterion by a learner implementing the specified strategy in the specified enviroment.
Author : Stefano Bertolo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521646208
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (462 download)
Download or read book Language Acquisition and Learnability written by Stefano Bertolo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-05-14 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible introduction to learnability theory and its interactions with linguistic theories.
Author : Walter Daelemans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (688 download)
Download or read book Learnability and Markedness in Data-driven Acquisition of Stress written by Walter Daelemans and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Edna Andrews
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822382881
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)
Download or read book Markedness Theory written by Edna Andrews and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1990-05-09 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edna Andrews clarifies and extends the work of Roman Jakobson to develop a theory of invariants in language by distinguishing between general and contextual meaning in morphology and semantics. Markedness theory, as Jakobson conceived it, is a qualitative theory of oppositional binary relations. Andrews shows how markedness theory enables a linguist to precisely define the systemically given oppositions and hierarchies represented by linguistic categories. In addition, she redefines the relationship between Jakobsonian markedness theory and Peircean interpretants. Though primarily theoretical, the argument is illustrated with discussions about learning a second language, the relationship of linguistics to mathematics (particularly set theory, algebra, topology, and statistics) in their mutual pursuit of invariance, and issues involving grammatical gender and their implications in several languages.
Author : Duk-ki Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Markedness as a predictor of second language learning difficulties written by Duk-ki Kim and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Adam Ledgeway
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316720586
Total Pages : 1321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (167 download)
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Historical Syntax written by Adam Ledgeway and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Change is an inherent feature of all aspects of language, and syntax is no exception. While the synchronic study of syntax allows us to make discoveries about the nature of syntactic structure, the study of historical syntax offers even greater possibilities. Over recent decades, the study of historical syntax has proven to be a powerful scientific tool of enquiry with which to challenge and reassess hypotheses and ideas about the nature of syntactic structure which go beyond the observed limits of the study of the synchronic syntax of individual languages or language families. In this timely Handbook, the editors bring together the best of recent international scholarship on historical syntax. Each chapter is focused on a theme rather than an individual language, allowing readers to discover how systematic descriptions of historical data can profitably inform and challenge highly diverse sets of theoretical assumptions.
Author : Fred Eckman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475757182
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Markedness written by Fred Eckman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the proceedIngs of the Twelfth Annual LIn guistics Symposium of the UniversIty of WisconsIn-Milwaukee held March 11-12, 1983 on the campus of UWM. It includes all papers that were given at the conference with the exception of Genevieve Escure and Glenn Gilbert's joint paper "Syntactic marking/unmarking phenomena in the creole continuum of Belize" which was not submitted for publication by the authors. Many of the papers appear in this volume in a revised form that is somewhat different from the oral version. We would like to thank the various departments and other units at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee that sponsored the mark- ness symposium. These are: the Department of Linguistics, the English as a Second Language Intensive Program, the College of Let ters and Science, the Division of Urban Outreach, the Center for Latin America and the Spanish Speaking Outreach Institute. Finally, we wish to thank Lisa Carrara for doing a careful joh on the preparation of the index, and J. L. Russell, for his patience and perseverance in typing a difficult manuscript.
Author : Paul de Lacy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139462059
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology written by Paul de Lacy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-01 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phonology - the study of how the sounds of speech are represented in our minds - is one of the core areas of linguistic theory, and is central to the study of human language. This handbook brings together the world's leading experts in phonology to present the most comprehensive and detailed overview of the field. Focusing on research and the most influential theories, the authors discuss each of the central issues in phonological theory, explore a variety of empirical phenomena, and show how phonology interacts with other aspects of language such as syntax, morphology, phonetics, and language acquisition. Providing a one-stop guide to every aspect of this important field, The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology will serve as an invaluable source of readings for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, an informative overview for linguists and a useful starting point for anyone beginning phonological research.
Author : Bruce Tesar
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262264884
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Learnability in Optimality Theory written by Bruce Tesar and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-05-08 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlighting the close relationship between linguistic explanation and learnability, Bruce Tesar and Paul Smolensky examine the implications of Optimality Theory (OT) for language learnability. Highlighting the close relationship between linguistic explanation and learnability, Bruce Tesar and Paul Smolensky examine the implications of Optimality Theory (OT) for language learnability. They show how the core principles of OT lead to the learning principle of constraint demotion, the basis for a family of algorithms that infer constraint rankings from linguistic forms. Of primary concern to the authors are the ambiguity of the data received by the learner and the resulting interdependence of the core grammar and the structural analysis of overt linguistic forms. The authors argue that iterative approaches to interdependencies, inspired by work in statistical learning theory, can be successfully adapted to address the interdependencies of language learning. Both OT and Constraint Demotion play critical roles in their adaptation. The authors support their findings both formally and through simulations. They also illustrate how their approach could be extended to other language learning issues, including subset relations and the learning of phonological underlying forms.
Author : Steven Pinker
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674510534
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (745 download)
Download or read book Language Learnability and Language Development written by Steven Pinker and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this influential study, Steven Pinker develops a new approach to the problem of language learning. Now reprinted with new commentary by the author, this classic work continues to be an indispensable resource in developmental psycholinguistics.
Author : Olga Miseska Tomic
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110862018
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Markedness in synchrony and diachrony written by Olga Miseska Tomic and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-19 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.
Author : Thomas Roeper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940093727X
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Parameter Setting written by Thomas Roeper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In May 1985 the University of Massachusetts held the first conference on the parameter setting model of grammar and acquisition. The conference was conceived in the belief that there is a new possibility of tightly connecting grammatical studies and language acquisition studies, and that this new possibility has grown out of the new generation of ideas about the relation of Universal Grammar to the grammar of particular languages. The papers in this volume are all concerned in one way or another with the 'parametric' model of grammar, and with its role in explaining the acquisition of language. Before summarizing the accompanying papers, I would like to sketch the intellectual background of these new ideas. It has long been the acknowledged goal of grammatical theorists to explicate the relation between the experience of the child and the knowledge of the adult. Somehow, the child selects a unique grammar (by assumption) compatible with a random partially unreliable sample of some language. In the earliest work in generative grammar, starting with Chomsky's Aspects, and extending to such works as Jackendoffs Lexicalist Syntax (1977), the model of this account was the formal evaluation metric, accompanied by a general rule writing system. The model of acquisition was the following: the child composed a grammar by writing rules in the rule writing system, under the constraint that the rules must be compatible with the data, and that the grammar must be the one most highly valued by the evaluation metric.
Author : S. Flynn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400927339
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Linguistic Theory in Second Language Acquisition written by S. Flynn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Suzanne Flynn and Wayne O'Neil Massachusetts Institute of Technology I. INTRODUCTION The theory of Universal Grammar (UG) as explicated e. g. in Chomsky, 1986, has led to explosive developments in the study of natural language as well as to significant advances in the study of first language (L I) acquisition. Most recently. the theory of UG has led to important theore tical and empirical advances in the field of adult second language (L2) acquisition as well. The principle impetus for this development can be traced to the work in linguistics which shifted the study "from behavior or the products of behavior to states of the mind/brain that enter into behavior" (Chomksy. 1986:3). Grammars within this framework are conceived of as theoretical accounts of "the state of the mind/brain of the person who knows a particular language" (Chomsky. 1986:3). Research within fields of language acquisition seeks to isolate and specify the properties of the underlying competence necessary for language learning. Full development of a theory of UG demands study and understanding of the nature of both the formal properties of language and of the language acquisition process itself. However. while there is a tradition of debate and dialogue established between theoretical linguistics and Ll acquisition research. relatively few connections have been made between linguistic theory and L2 acquisition research.
Author : Margaret Thomas
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027281769
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)
Download or read book Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language written by Margaret Thomas and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1993-10-28 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study addresses the debate about whether adult language learners have access to the principles and parameters of universal grammar in constructing the grammar of a second language. The data are based on two related experiments. The first examines the interpretation of English reflexive pronouns by native speakers of Japanese and of Spanish. The second experiment examines the interpretation of the Japanese reflexive zibun by native speakers of English and of Chinese. Three hypotheses are evaluated: (a) that UG is unavailable, and that processing strategies or other non-linguistic principles guide second language acquisition; (b) that UG is available only in the form in which it is instantiated in the learner's native language; (c) that UG is fully available, including the ability to re-set parameters to UG-sanctioned values not instantiated in the learner's native language. The results show that learners observe constraints defined by Manzini and Wexler's parameterized version of Principle A of the binding theory and support the proposal that adult learners have access to universal grammar. A final chapter reviews the experimental data in the light of recent accounts of cross-linguistic variation in the grammar of anaphors which reject parameterization of the binding principles in favor of a “movement to INFL” analysis.
Author : Mark Hale
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191538590
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book The Phonological Enterprise written by Mark Hale and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book scrutinizes recent work in phonological theory from the perspective of Chomskyan generative linguistics and argues that progress in the field depends on taking seriously the idea that phonology is best studied as a mental computational system derived from an innate base, phonological Universal Grammar. Two simple problems of phonological analysis provide a frame for a variety of topics throughout the book. The competence-performance distinction and markedness theory are both addressed in some detail, especially with reference to phonological acquisition. Several aspects of Optimality Theory, including the use of Output-Output Correspondence, functionalist argumentation and dependence on typological justification are critiqued. The authors draw on their expertise in historical linguistics to argue that diachronic evidence is often mis-used to bolster phonological arguments, and they present a vision of the proper use of such evidence. Issues of general interest for cognitive scientists, such as whether categories are discrete and whether mental computation is probabilistic are also addressed. The book ends with concrete proposals to guide future phonological research. The breadth and depth of the discussion, ranging from details of current analyses to the philosophical underpinnings of linguistic science, is presented in a direct style with as little recourse to technical language as possible.
