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Manual For Selection Of Molecular Who Recommended Rapid Diagnostic Tests For Detection Of Tuberculosis And Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
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Book Synopsis Manual for selection of molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for detection of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis by :
Download or read book Manual for selection of molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for detection of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-04-28 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Manual for Selection of Molecular WHO-recommended Rapid Diagnostic Tests: for Detection of Tuberculosis and Drug-resistant Tuberculosis by : world health organization
Download or read book Manual for Selection of Molecular WHO-recommended Rapid Diagnostic Tests: for Detection of Tuberculosis and Drug-resistant Tuberculosis written by world health organization and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The political declaration of the first United Nations (UN) high-level meeting on tuberculosis (TB) calls countries to diagnose and treat 40 million people with TB globally between 2018 and 2022. Traditionally, in most countries, TB diagnosis has been performed using sputum-smear microscopy, a method developed more than 100 years ago, with suboptimal sensitivity. In recent years new technologies have emerged based on the detection of mycobacterial DNA or mycobacterial antigens. Over the past decade the World Health Organization (WHO) has published a number of guidelines developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups (GDGs), using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to summarize the evidence and to formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present document "WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: Diagnosis - Rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection" consolidates five guidelines developed by WHO between 2016 and 2020. Earlier guidelines on diagnostics that were not developed according to the GRADE approach have not been included in this document. The WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis will group all TB recommendations in one document and will be complemented by matching modules of an operational handbook. The handbook will provide practical advice on how to put in place the recommendations at the scale needed to achieve national and global impact. A range of new diagnostic technologies have been endorsed by WHO during the past decade. These are listed below: - real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays - for example, Xpert MTB/RIF(r) (Ultra) (cartridge-based) and TruenatTM (chip-based);- line probe assays (LPAs) - for example, GenoType(r) MTBDRplus v1 and v2, GenoscholarTM NTM+MDRTB II and GenoType(r) MTBDRsl;- loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) - for example, TB-LAMP; and- antigen detection in a lateral flow format (biomarker-based detection) - for example, Alere DetermineTM TB LAM Ag. The present "WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: Diagnosis - Rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection" provides background, justification and recommendations on these technologies. The document includes new recommendations on molecular assays intended as initial tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and rifampicin resistance in adults and children.
Book Synopsis Line probe assays for detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis by :
Download or read book Line probe assays for detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease is an updated and consolidated summary of WHO recommendations on systematic screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease, containing 17 recommendations for populations in which TB screening should be conducted and tools to be used for TB screening. TB screening is strongly recommendations for household and close contacts of individuals with TB, people living with HIV, miners exposed to silica dust, and prisoners. In addition, screening is conditionally recommended for people with risk factors for TB attending health care, and for communities with risk factors for TB and limited access to care (e.g. homeless, urban poor, refugees, migrants). General population screening is recommended in high-burden settings (0.5% prevalence or higher). Symptoms, chest radiography (CXR), and molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for TB are recommended as screening tools for all adults eligible for screening. Computer-aided detection programmes are recommended as alternatives to human interpretation of CXR in settings where trained personnel are scarce. For people living with HIV, C-reactive protein is also a good screening tool. This guideline document is accompanied by an operational handbook, the WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease, that presents principles of screening, steps in planning and implementing a screening programme, and algorithm options for screening different populations.
Book Synopsis WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-03-15 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The “WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3: Diagnosis - Rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection, third edition” is the latest edition replacing the one issued in 2021. A new class of technologies for drug susceptibility testing is endorsed by WHO and included in this edition: targeted next generation sequencing. The operational handbook aims at facilitating the implementation of the WHO recommendations by the Member States, technical partners, and others involved in managing patients with TB and DR-TB. It provides practical information on existing and new tests recommended by WHO, step-by-step advice on implementing and scale-up testing to achieve local and national impact and lastly, model diagnostic algorithms, which are updated to incorporate the latest recommendations. An overview of budgetary considerations and information sheets on each of the newly recommended tests is provided. The class of targeted next generation sequencing is recommended for the detection of resistance to a number of first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, rather than culture-based phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. The recommendations will open for faster detection of resistance to a range of anti-TB drugs directly from sputum samples.
Author :National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (U.S.). Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. Laboratory Branch Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :10 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (83 download)
Book Synopsis Laboratory User Guide for U.S. Public Health Laboratories by : National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (U.S.). Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. Laboratory Branch
Download or read book Laboratory User Guide for U.S. Public Health Laboratories written by National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (U.S.). Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. Laboratory Branch and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . The ability to rapidly and accurately detect drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is critical for the effective treatment of patients suffering from tuberculosis (TB) and relevant interventions of TB control programs. Efforts to treat patients and control the spread of TB can be hindered by the emergence of MTBC resistant to both first and second line anti-TB drugs. Additionally, the slow growth rate of MTBC and inherent difficulties associated with conventional drug susceptibility testing methods often serve as impediments to obtaining timely results. Since September 2009, the Laboratory Branch of the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination at U.S. CDC has offered a molecular testing service using conventional DNA sequencing for the identification of drug resistance associated mutations in isolates of MTBC. In June 2012, the service was expanded by incorporating pyrosequencing (PSQ) into the testing algorithm and by accepting nucleic acid amplification-positive (NAAT+) sputum sediments for testing to provide the ability for local providers and programs to potentially further reduce delayed diagnosis of MDR TB. The service allows rapid identification of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB through the detection of genetic mutations associated with rifampin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) resistance. In addition, when resistance to RMP is already known or detected in the MDDR service, genetic loci associated with resistance to ethambutol (EMB), pyrazinamide (PZA), and the most effective second-line drugs, fluoroquinolones (FQ) and the injectables amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), and capreomycin (CAP), are examined.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of extensively drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, especially in countries with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, is a serious threat to global public health and jeopardizes efforts to effectively control the disease. This publication offers updated recommendations for the diagnosis and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in a variety of geographical, economic and social settings, and the recording of data that enables the monitoring and evaluation of programs.--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 2011 and 2019, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, issued by WHO in March 2019. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups, using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment - Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment includes a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB. The document includes two new recommendations, one on the composition of shorter regimens and one on the use of the BPaL regimen (i.e. bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid). In addition, the consolidated guidelines include existing recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and MDR/RR-TB, including longer regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care. The guidelines are to be used primarily in national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, and for other policy-makers and technical organizations working on TB and infectious diseases in public and private sectors and in the community.
Book Synopsis The Role of Molecular Diagnosis of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis by : Tsz-Ching Kwong
Download or read book The Role of Molecular Diagnosis of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis written by Tsz-Ching Kwong and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "The Role of Molecular Diagnosis of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis" by Tsz-ching, Kwong, 鄺芷晴, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Emerging multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the most urgent global public health issues. Recent advances in molecular techniques should enable the development of different rapid detection tests for drug-resistant TB. Large-scale comparative studies on the diagnostic accuracy and turn-around-time (TAT) of these novel assays may promote their smooth implementation as routine tests for TB in diagnostic laboratories. In a pilot evaluation of 30 clinical isolates and 202 sputum specimens, diagnostic performance of a novel in-house assay for MTB identification (IS6110 qPCR) was compared to a commercial COBAS TaqMan MTB test (Roche Diagnostics). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of IS6110 qPCR were 100%, 94.6%, 85.2% and 100%, respectively, compared to 94.7%, 100%, 100% and 98.6% for COBAS TaqMan MTB. Large-scale validation using 2,350 sputum specimens revealed the optimal cut-off crossing point (Cp) value of IS6110 qPCR was 29.61 with 97.3% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity determined by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The median TAT for IS6110 qPCR and COBAS TaqMan MTB test to the reporting of results was 0.9 and 1.2 days, respectively. Among the IS6110 qPCR-positive specimens in the large-scale validation, 287 samples were tested in-house by katG MAS-PCR and rpoB PCR sequencing assays and 159 samples were tested by GenoType(R) MTBDRplus assay (Hain LifeScience). The sensitivity and specificity of katG MAS-PCR for isoniazid (INH) resistance detection were 71.4% and 99.5%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of rpoB PCR sequencing for rifampicin (RIF) resistance detection were 100% and 99.6%, respectively. Commercial GenoType(R) MTBDRplus assay reached 100% sensitivity for both INH and RIF resistance detection at a specificity of 99.3% and 100%, respectively. The median TAT for the in-house assays and GenoType(R) MTBDRplus assay to the reporting of the results was 4.7 and 1.4 days, respectively. The findings from this study provide different implementation strategies for diagnostic test combinations. The most cost-effective drug-resistant TB diagnosis cascade was IS6110 qPCR followed by GenoType(R) MTBDRplus assay. The TAT for results is 2.3 days at a cost of US$49.7. Despite an additional cost of US$24.6, COBAS TaqMan MTB test should replace IS6110 qPCR in populations with high prevalence of IS6110-negative strains. The in-house katG MAS-PCR and rpoB PCR sequencing assays should be used in developing countries instead of the expensive GenoType(R) MTBDRplus assay. Subsequently, accurate diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis can be achieved in 4.5 days with a reasonable reagent cost of US$9.3. In conclusion, excellent diagnostic accuracy and shorter TAT of the molecular diagnostic cascade for drug-resistant TB, in particular IS6110 qPCR, can serve to guide physicians in the prompt choice of chemotherapy. This leads to timely delivery of anti-TB treatments to patients and holds the promise of easing the MDR-TB burden. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5388017 Subjects: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis - Molecular diagnosis
Book Synopsis WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis (TB) strains with drug resistance (DR-TB) are more difficult to treat than drug-susceptible ones, and threaten global progress towards the targets set by the End TB Strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO). There is thus a critical need for evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB, based on the most recent and comprehensive evidence available. In this regard, the WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment fulfil the mandate of WHO to inform health professionals in Member States on how to improve treatment and care for patients with DR-TB. Between 2011 and 2018, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO treatment guidelines for multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, 2018 update, issued by WHO in December 2018. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups (GDGs), using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present Consolidated guidelines include a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB, derived from these WHO guidelines documents. The consolidated guidelines include policy recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB (Hr-TB) and MDR/RR-TB, including longer and shorter regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Book Synopsis Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities by : Mousumi Debnath
Download or read book Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities written by Mousumi Debnath and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-29 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapid development in diverse areas of molecular biology and genetic engineering resulted in emergence of variety of tools. These tools are not only applicable to basic researches being carried out world over, but also exploited for precise detection of abnormal conditions in plants, animals and human body. Although a basic researcher is well versed with few techniques used by him/her in the laboratory, they may not be well acquainted with methodologies, which can be used to work out some of their own research problems. The picture is more blurred when the molecular diagnostic tools are to be used by physicians, scientists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories in hospitals, industry and academic institutions. Since many of them are not trained in basics of these methods, they come across several gray areas in understanding of these tools. The accurate application of molecular diagnostic tools demands in depth understanding of the methodology for precise detection of the abnormal condition of living body. To meet the requirements of a good book on molecular diagnostics of students, physicians, scientists working in agricultural, veterinary, medical and pharmaceutical sciences, it needs to expose the reader lucidly to: Give basic science behind commonly used tools in diagnostics Expose the readers to detailed applications of these tools and Make them aware the availability of such diagnostic tools The book will attract additional audience of pathologists, medical microbiologists, pharmaceutical sciences, agricultural scientists and veterinary doctors if the following topics are incorporated at appropriate places in Unit II or separately as a part of Unit-III in the book. Molecular diagnosis of diseases in agricultural crops Molecular diagnosis of veterinary diseases. Molecular epidemiology, which helps to differentiate various epidemic strains and sources of disease outbreaks. Even in different units of the same hospital, the infections could be by different strains of the same species and the information becomes valuable for infection control strategies. Drug resistance is a growing problem for bacterial, fungal and parasitic microbes and the molecular biology tools can help to detect the drug resistance genes without the cultivation and in vitro sensitivity testing. Molecular diagnostics offers faster help in the selection of the proper antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis, which is a major problem of the in the developing world. The conventional culture and drug sensitivity testing of tuberculosis bacilli is laborious and time consuming, whereas molecular diagnosis offers rapid drug resistant gene detection even from direct clinical samples. The same approach for HIV, malaria and many more diseases needs to be considered. Molecular diagnostics in the detection of diseases during foetal life is an upcoming area in the foetal medicine in case of genetic abnormalities and infectious like TORCH complex etc. The book will be equally useful to students, scientists and professionals working in the field of molecular diagnostics.
Book Synopsis Update on the use of nucleic acid amplification tests to detect TB and drug-resistant TB by :
Download or read book Update on the use of nucleic acid amplification tests to detect TB and drug-resistant TB written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Practical manual on tuberculosis laboratory strengthening by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Practical manual on tuberculosis laboratory strengthening written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Noncommercial Culture and Drug-susceptibility Testing Methods for Screening Patients at Risk for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Noncommercial Culture and Drug-susceptibility Testing Methods for Screening Patients at Risk for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several noncommercial culture and drug-susceptibility testing (DST) methods have been developed specifically for settings with limited access to sophisticated laboratory infrastructure and technical expertise. Several rapid, inexpensive methods have shown initial promise. The most advanced are microscopic observation of drug susceptibility (MODS), colorimetric redox indicator (CRI) methods, thin-layer agar methods, the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) and mycobacteriophage-based assays. In 2009, the strength of the evidence for these noncommercial methods was assessed by WHO, following standards appropriate for evaluating both the accuracy of new TB diagnostics and their effect on patients and public health. The results showed that the current evidence is insufficient to recommend the use of thin-layer agar or phage-based assays. There was considered to be sufficient evidence for the use of CRI methods, MODS and NRA under clearly defined programme and operational conditions, in reference laboratories and under strict laboratory protocols, and as an interim solution while capacity for genotypic or automated liquid culture and DST is being developed. Under these conditions, MODS and NRA are recommended for direct testing of sputum specimens. Together with CRI methods, MODS and NRA are also recommended for indirect DST of M. tuberculosis isolates grown in conventional culture. The time to detection of MDR-TB may not necessarily be faster with indirect testing, and none of these methods can detect extensively drug-resistant TB. Conventional culture and DST capacity are therefore still required in all settings.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2011 update of Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis is intended as a tool for use by public health professionals working in response to the Sixty-second World Health Assembly's resolution on prevention and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Resolution WHA62.15, adopted in 2009, calls on Member States to develop a comprehensive framework for the management and care of patients with drug-resistant TB. The recommendations contained in these guidelines address the most topical questions concerning the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB: case-finding, multidrug resistance, treatment regimens, monitoring the response to treatment, and selecting models of care. The guidelines primarily target staff and medical practitioners working in TB treatment and control, and partners and organizations providing technical and financial support for care of drug-resistant TB in settings where resources are limited.
