Mano Dura

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Mano Dura

Author : Sonja Wolf
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477311661
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Mano Dura by : Sonja Wolf

Download or read book Mano Dura written by Sonja Wolf and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992, at the end of a twelve-year civil war, El Salvador was poised for a transition to democracy. Yet, after longstanding dominance by a small oligarchy that continually used violence to repress popular resistance, El Salvador’s democracy has proven to be a fragile one, as social ills (poverty chief among them) have given rise to neighborhoods where gang activity now thrives. Mano Dura examines the ways in which the ruling ARENA party used gang violence to solidify political power in the hands of the elite—culminating in draconian “iron fist” antigang policies that undermine human rights while ultimately doing little to address the roots of gang membership. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and policy analysis, Mano Dura examines the activities of three nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that have advocated for more nuanced policies to eradicate gangs and the societal issues that are both a cause and an effect of gang proliferation. While other studies of street gangs have focused on relatively distant countries such as Colombia, Argentina, and Jamaica, Sonja Wolf’s research takes us to a country closer to the United States, where forced deportation has brought with it US gang culture. Charting the limited success of NGOs in influencing El Salvador’s security policies, the book brings to light key contextual aspects—including myopic media coverage and the ironic populist support for ARENA, despite the party’s protection of the elite at the expense of the greater society.

Mano Dura Policies in Latin America

Author : Jonathan D. Rosen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000901092
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Mano Dura Policies in Latin America by : Jonathan D. Rosen

Download or read book Mano Dura Policies in Latin America written by Jonathan D. Rosen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scholars and policy analysts from around the Americas come together to untangle the factors that have fuelled the implementation of mano dura politics, their rising popularity, and impacts across nine widely heterogeneous countries in Latin America. Beginning with a discussion on the concept of mano dura, the editors move to survey various theoretical approaches to punitivism, and later review of the empirical research evaluating different drivers behind the adoption of tough on crime policies. Since hard-line initiatives often have consequences beyond the general goal of reducing violence, they then analyze the impacts of these policing strategies on crime rates and different democratic institutions. Country chapters on Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina follow a common thematic structure to answer the following questions: What are some of the trends in gangs, organized crime, and violence? How have governments responded to combat crime and violence? What factors have fuelled the implementation of mano dura policies? Why are mano dura policies popular? What have the consequences of these policies been? Mano Dura Policies in Latin America is essential reading to students of Latin American studies, political science, public policy, and criminal justice. It will also interest scholars working on drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence in Latin America.

Gangs in Central America

Author : Clare Ribando Seelke
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437927637
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Gangs in Central America by : Clare Ribando Seelke

Download or read book Gangs in Central America written by Clare Ribando Seelke and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Background on Violent Crime; (2) Scope of the Gang Problem: Defining Gangs; Transnational Gangs; Factors Exacerbating the Gang Problem; Poverty and a Lack of Educ. and Employ. Opport.; Societal Stigmas; Role of the Media; Anti-Gang Law Enforce. Efforts; Prisons in Need of Reform; U.S. Deportations; (3) Country Anti-Gang Efforts: Mano Dura (Heavy-Handed) Anti-Gang Policies; Effects of Mano Dura Policies?; Alternative Approaches; Prospects for Country Prevention and Rehab. Efforts; Regional and Multilateral Efforts; OAS; Multilateral Develop. Banks and Donor Agencies; (4) U.S. Policy: Congressional Interest; U.S. Internat. Anti-Gang Efforts; State Dept.; Justice Dept.; USAID; Policy Approaches and Concerns.

Transnational Organized Crime

Author : Jay Albanese
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1483325024
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Transnational Organized Crime by : Jay Albanese

Download or read book Transnational Organized Crime written by Jay Albanese and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique text explores the expansive topic of transnational organized crime, incorporating expert perspectives found throughout the world’s six inhabited continents: North America, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Editors Jay S. Albanese and Philip L. Reichel gather the knowledge and expertise of numerous authors, researchers, and practitioners in this field who are either native to each world region, have extensively travelled and worked there, or are recognized scholars for those regions. Through this text, readers will begin to understand the geographic, cultural, and regional similarities and differences underying the common threat of transnational organized crime, as well as how to address the global expansion of organized crime today.

Policing Life and Death

Author : Marisol LeBrón
Publisher : University of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520300173
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Policing Life and Death by : Marisol LeBrón

Download or read book Policing Life and Death written by Marisol LeBrón and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her exciting new book, Marisol LeBrón traces the rise of punitive governance in Puerto Rico over the course of the twentieth century and up to the present. Punitive governance emerged as a way for the Puerto Rican state to manage the deep and ongoing crises stemming from the archipelago’s incorporation into the United States as a colonial territory. A structuring component of everyday life for many Puerto Ricans, police power has reinforced social inequality and worsened conditions of vulnerability in marginalized communities. This book provides powerful examples of how Puerto Ricans negotiate and resist their subjection to increased levels of segregation, criminalization, discrimination, and harm. Policing Life and Death shows how Puerto Ricans are actively rejecting punitive solutions and working toward alternative understandings of safety and a more just future.

Clicas

Author : Frank García
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477329439
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Clicas by : Frank García

Download or read book Clicas written by Frank García and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2024-07-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Latina/o/x gang literature and film represent women and gay gang members’ challenges to gendered, sexual, racial, and class oppression. Clicas examines Latina/o/x literature and film by and/or about gay and women gang members. Through close readings of literature and film, Frank García reimagines the typical narratives describing gang membership and culture, amplifying and complicating critical gang studies in the social sciences and humanities and looking at gangs across racial, ethnic, and national identities. Analyzing how the autobiographical poetry of Ana Castillo presents gang fashion, culture, and violence to the outside world, the effects of women performing female masculinity in the novel Locas, and gay gang members’ experiences of community in the documentary Homeboy, García complicates the dialogue regarding hypermasculine gang cultures. He shows how they are accessible not only to straight men but also to women and gay men who can appropriate them in complicated ways, which can be harming and also, at times, emancipating. Reading gang members as (de)colonial agents who contest the power relations, inequalities, oppressions, and hierarchies of the United States, Clicas considers how women and gay gang members resist materially and psychologically within a milieu shaped by the intersection of race, gender, sexuality, and class.

Mano Dura

Author : Sonja Wolf
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477311238
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Mano Dura by : Sonja Wolf

Security Sector Reform and Citizen Security

Author : Robert Muggah
Publisher : Ubiquity Press
ISBN 13 : 1911529749
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Security Sector Reform and Citizen Security by : Robert Muggah

Download or read book Security Sector Reform and Citizen Security written by Robert Muggah and published by Ubiquity Press. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While widely considered a core pillar of the peace and security architecture, Security Sector Reform (SSR) is coming under fire. SSR theory and practice are criticized for being overly focused on traditional conflict and post-conflict settings and for being unable to adjust to unconventional settings marked by chronic crime and terrorism. SSR tends to be disproportionately focused on national institutions and less amenable to engaging at the subnational scale. Drawing on the experiences of so-called ‘citizen security’ measures in cities across Latin America and the Caribbean, this paper offers some opportunities for renewing and revitalizing SSR. The emphasis of citizen security interventions on multiple forms of insecurity, data-driven and evidence-informed prevention, the promotion of social cohesion and efficacy and designing crime prevention into the social and built environment are all insights that can positively reinforce comprehensive SSR measures in the 21st century.

Colonial Debts

Author : Rocío Zambrana
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 1478013192
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Colonial Debts by : Rocío Zambrana

Download or read book Colonial Debts written by Rocío Zambrana and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the largest municipal debt in US history and a major hurricane that destroyed much of the archipelago's infrastructure, Puerto Rico has emerged as a key site for the exploration of neoliberalism and disaster capitalism. In Colonial Debts Rocío Zambrana develops the concept of neoliberal coloniality in light of Puerto Rico's debt crisis. Drawing on decolonial thought and praxis, Zambrana shows how debt functions as an apparatus of predation that transforms how neoliberalism operates. Debt functions as a form of coloniality, intensifying race, gender, and class hierarchies in ways that strengthen the colonial relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States. Zambrana also examines the transformation of protest in Puerto Rico. From La Colectiva Feminista en Construcción's actions, long-standing land rescue/occupation in the territory, to the July 2019 protests that ousted former governor Ricardo “Ricky” Rosselló, protests pursue variations of decolonial praxis that subvert the positions of power that debt installs. As Zambrana demonstrates, debt reinstalls the colonial condition and adapts the racial/gender order essential to it, thereby emerging as a key site for political-economic subversion and social rearticulation.

Youth, Globalization, and the Law

Author : Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804754743
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (547 download)

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Book Synopsis Youth, Globalization, and the Law by : Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh

Download or read book Youth, Globalization, and the Law written by Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the impact of globalization on the lives of youth, focusing on the role of legal institutions and discourses.

Studies in Law, Politics and Society

Author : Austin Sarat
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1848550901
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (485 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies in Law, Politics and Society by : Austin Sarat

Download or read book Studies in Law, Politics and Society written by Austin Sarat and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09-01 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers fresh perspectives on sentencing and punishment, lawyering for the public good, and the meaning of legal doctrine. This book contains articles that exemplify the work being done in interdisciplinary legal scholarship.

Human Targets

Author : Victor M. Rios
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022609104X
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Targets by : Victor M. Rios

Download or read book Human Targets written by Victor M. Rios and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At fifteen, Victor Rios found himself a human target—flat on his ass amid a hail of shotgun fire, desperate for money and a place on the street. Faced with the choice of escalating a drug turf war or eking out a living elsewhere, he turned to a teacher, who mentored him and helped him find a job at an auto shop. That job would alter the course of his whole life—putting him on the road to college and eventually a PhD. Now, Rios is a rising star, hailed for his work studying the lives of African American and Latino youth. In Human Targets, Rios takes us to the streets of California, where we encounter young men who find themselves in much the same situation as fifteen-year-old Victor. We follow young gang members into schools, homes, community organizations, and detention facilities, watch them interact with police, grow up to become fathers, get jobs, get rap sheets—and in some cases get killed. What is it that sets apart young people like Rios who succeed and survive from the ones who don’t? Rios makes a powerful case that the traditional good kid/bad kid, street kid/decent kid dichotomy is much too simplistic, arguing instead that authorities and institutions help create these identities—and that they can play an instrumental role in providing young people with the resources for shifting between roles. In Rios’s account, to be a poor Latino youth is to be a human target—victimized and considered an enemy by others, viewed as a threat to law enforcement and schools, and burdened by stigma, disrepute, and punishment. That has to change. This is not another sensationalistic account of gang bangers. Instead, the book is a powerful look at how authority figures succeed—and fail—at seeing the multi-faceted identities of at-risk youths, youths who succeed—and fail—at demonstrating to the system that they are ready to change their lives. In our post-Ferguson era, Human Targets is essential reading.

(Un)civil Societies

Author : Rachel A. May
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 9780739120651
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis (Un)civil Societies by : Rachel A. May

Download or read book (Un)civil Societies written by Rachel A. May and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rachel A. May and Andrew K. Milton have assembled an array of scholars from different disciplines to examine transitional governments in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Drawing on specific political conditions and organized around topics such as the media, political parties, and political violence, (Un)Civil Societies broadens the discussion about democratization both thematically and geographically.

Space of Detention

Author : Elana Zilberg
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 082234730X
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Space of Detention by : Elana Zilberg

Download or read book Space of Detention written by Elana Zilberg and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ethnographic analysis of the purported transnational gang crisis between the United States and El Salvador, based on extensive research in Los Angeles and San Salvador.

Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America

Author : Karen Silva-Torres
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000440222
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America by : Karen Silva-Torres

Download or read book Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America written by Karen Silva-Torres and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America provides fourteen contributions to understand, from a multidisciplinary perspective, processes of socio-political reconfigurations in the region from the early 2000s to the mid-2010s. The Left Turn was the regional shift to left-of-center governments and social movements that sought to replace the neoliberal policies of the 1990s. This volume aims to answer the overarching research question: how do state and societal (national and transnational) actors trigger and shape processes of political and socio-economic transitions in Latin America from the rise to the decline of the Left Turn. The book presents case studies in which transitions are moments of change and uncertainty, which one cannot predict their definitive outcomes. The various case studies presented in the book place actors and processes in specific historical and socio-political contexts, which are influenced directly or indirectly by the historical trajectory of Latin America’s Left Turn. This book is essential reading for students and scholars of Social and Political History, Latin American History, and those interested in the social and political developments in Latin America more broadly.

Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America

Author : Jonathan D. Rosen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000164330
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America by : Jonathan D. Rosen

Download or read book Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America written by Jonathan D. Rosen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-03 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this succinct text, Jonathan D. Rosen and Hanna Samir Kassab explore the linkage between weak institutions and government policies designed to combat drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence in Latin America. Using quantitative analysis to examine criminal violence and publicly available survey data from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to conduct regression analysis, individual case studies on Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, and Nicaragua highlight the major challenges that governments face and how they have responded to various security issues. Rosen and Kassab later turn their attention to the role of external criminal actors in the region and offer policy recommendations and lessons learned. Questions explored include: What are the major trends in organized crime in this country? How has organized crime evolved over time? Who are the major criminal actors? How has state fragility contributed to organized crime and violence (and vice versa)? What has been the government’s response to drug trafficking and organized crime? Have such policies contributed to violence? Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America is suitable to both undergraduate and graduate courses in criminal justice, international relations, political science, comparative politics, international political economy, organized crime, drug trafficking, and violence.

Private Violence

Author : Carol Cleaveland
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 147982433X
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Violence by : Carol Cleaveland

Download or read book Private Violence written by Carol Cleaveland and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2024-10-15 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Private Violence: Latin American Women and the Struggle for Asylum engages women's stories to examine how gender-based violence compels asylum claims. Using women's narratives and ethnographic observation, this book explores how women negotiated barriers posed by both the immigration detention and judicial systems in their efforts to avoid removal from the United States and to win asylum"--