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Logical And Logico Mathematical Calculi Ii
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Book Synopsis Logical and Logico-Mathematical Calculi. II by : V. P. Orevkov
Download or read book Logical and Logico-Mathematical Calculi. II written by V. P. Orevkov and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1974 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers and articles about theory of logical inference and its application the construction of algorithms for machine search for inference.
Book Synopsis The Mathematical Analysis of Logic by : George Boole
Download or read book The Mathematical Analysis of Logic written by George Boole and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-20 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, mathematician George Boole persuasively argues that logic should be aligned with mathematics, not philosophy.
Book Synopsis Theory of Logical Calculi by : Ryszard Wójcicki
Download or read book Theory of Logical Calculi written by Ryszard Wójcicki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general aim of this book is to provide an elementary exposition of some basic concepts in terms of which both classical and non-dassicallogirs may be studied and appraised. Although quantificational logic is dealt with briefly in the last chapter, the discussion is chiefly concemed with propo gjtional cakuli. Still, the subject, as it stands today, cannot br covered in one book of reasonable length. Rather than to try to include in the volume as much as possible, I have put emphasis on some selected topics. Even these could not be roverrd completely, but for each topic I have attempted to present a detailed and precise t'Xposition of several basic results including some which are non-trivial. The roots of some of the central ideas in the volume go back to J. Luka siewicz's seminar on mathematicallogi.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Mathematical Logic (PMS-13), Volume 13 by : Alonzo Church
Download or read book Introduction to Mathematical Logic (PMS-13), Volume 13 written by Alonzo Church and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic is sometimes called the foundation of mathematics: the logician studies the kinds of reasoning used in the individual steps of a proof. Alonzo Church was a pioneer in the field of mathematical logic, whose contributions to number theory and the theories of algorithms and computability laid the theoretical foundations of computer science. His first Princeton book, The Calculi of Lambda-Conversion (1941), established an invaluable tool that computer scientists still use today. Even beyond the accomplishment of that book, however, his second Princeton book, Introduction to Mathematical Logic, defined its subject for a generation. Originally published in Princeton's Annals of Mathematics Studies series, this book was revised in 1956 and reprinted a third time, in 1996, in the Princeton Landmarks in Mathematics series. Although new results in mathematical logic have been developed and other textbooks have been published, it remains, sixty years later, a basic source for understanding formal logic. Church was one of the principal founders of the Association for Symbolic Logic; he founded the Journal of Symbolic Logic in 1936 and remained an editor until 1979 At his death in 1995, Church was still regarded as the greatest mathematical logician in the world.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Logic and Hilbert's & Symbol by : A. C. Leisenring
Download or read book Mathematical Logic and Hilbert's & Symbol written by A. C. Leisenring and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Algebra of Logic by : Louis Couturat
Download or read book The Algebra of Logic written by Louis Couturat and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2015-06-14 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Algebra of Logic Mathematical Logic is a necessary preliminary to logical Mathematics. "Mathematical Logic" is the name given by Peano to what is also known (after Venn) as "Symbolic Logic"; and Symbolic Logic is, in essentials, the Logic of Aristotle, given new life and power by being dressed up in the wonderful - almost magical - armour and accoutrements of Algebra. In less than seventy years, logic, to use an expression of De Morgan's, has so thriven upon symbols and, in consequence, so grown and altered that the ancient logicians would not recognize it, and many old-fashioned logicians will not recognize it. The metaphor is not quite correct: Logic has neither grown nor altered, but we now see more of it and more into it. The primary significance of a symbolic calculus seems to lie in the economy of mental effort which it brings about, and to this is due the characteristic power and rapid development of mathematical knowledge. Attempts to treat the operations of formal logic in an analogous way had been made not in frequently by some of the more philosophical mathematicians, such as Leibniz and Lambert; but their labors remained little known, and it was Boole and De Morgan, about the middle of the nineteenth century, to whom a mathematical - though of course non-quantitative - way of regarding logic was due. By this, not only was the traditional or Aristotelian doctrine of logic reformed and completed, but out of it has developed, in course of time, an instrument which deals in a sure manner with the task of investigating the fundamental concepts of mathematics - a task which philosophers have repeatedly taken in hand, and in which they have as repeatedly failed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Mathematical Logic written by Wei Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-26 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical logic is a branch of mathematics that takes axiom systems and mathematical proofs as its objects of study. This book shows how it can also provide a foundation for the development of information science and technology. The first five chapters systematically present the core topics of classical mathematical logic, including the syntax and models of first-order languages, formal inference systems, computability and representability, and Gödel’s theorems. The last five chapters present extensions and developments of classical mathematical logic, particularly the concepts of version sequences of formal theories and their limits, the system of revision calculus, proschemes (formal descriptions of proof methods and strategies) and their properties, and the theory of inductive inference. All of these themes contribute to a formal theory of axiomatization and its application to the process of developing information technology and scientific theories. The book also describes the paradigm of three kinds of language environments for theories and it presents the basic properties required of a meta-language environment. Finally, the book brings these themes together by describing a workflow for scientific research in the information era in which formal methods, interactive software and human invention are all used to their advantage. This book represents a valuable reference for graduate and undergraduate students and researchers in mathematics, information science and technology, and other relevant areas of natural sciences. Its first five chapters serve as an undergraduate text in mathematical logic and the last five chapters are addressed to graduate students in relevant disciplines.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Mathematical Logic by : Elliot Mendelsohn
Download or read book Introduction to Mathematical Logic written by Elliot Mendelsohn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a compact mtroduction to some of the pnncipal tOpICS of mathematical logic . In the belief that beginners should be exposed to the most natural and easiest proofs, I have used free-swinging set-theoretic methods. The significance of a demand for constructive proofs can be evaluated only after a certain amount of experience with mathematical logic has been obtained. If we are to be expelled from "Cantor's paradise" (as nonconstructive set theory was called by Hilbert), at least we should know what we are missing. The major changes in this new edition are the following. (1) In Chapter 5, Effective Computability, Turing-computabIlity IS now the central notion, and diagrams (flow-charts) are used to construct Turing machines. There are also treatments of Markov algorithms, Herbrand-Godel-computability, register machines, and random access machines. Recursion theory is gone into a little more deeply, including the s-m-n theorem, the recursion theorem, and Rice's Theorem. (2) The proofs of the Incompleteness Theorems are now based upon the Diagonalization Lemma. Lob's Theorem and its connection with Godel's Second Theorem are also studied. (3) In Chapter 2, Quantification Theory, Henkin's proof of the completeness theorem has been postponed until the reader has gained more experience in proof techniques. The exposition of the proof itself has been improved by breaking it down into smaller pieces and using the notion of a scapegoat theory. There is also an entirely new section on semantic trees.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Logic by : A. Lightstone
Download or read book Mathematical Logic written by A. Lightstone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before his death in March, 1976, A. H. Lightstone delivered the manu script for this book to Plenum Press. Because he died before the editorial work on the manuscript was completed, I agreed (in the fall of 1976) to serve as a surrogate author and to see the project through to completion. I have changed the manuscript as little as possible, altering certain passages to correct oversights. But the alterations are minor; this is Lightstone's book. H. B. Enderton vii Preface This is a treatment of the predicate calculus in a form that serves as a foundation for nonstandard analysis. Classically, the predicates and variables of the predicate calculus are kept distinct, inasmuch as no variable is also a predicate; moreover, each predicate is assigned an order, a unique natural number that indicates the length of each tuple to which the predicate can be prefixed. These restrictions are dropped here, in order to develop a flexible, expressive language capable of exploiting the potential of nonstandard analysis. To assist the reader in grasping the basic ideas of logic, we begin in Part I by presenting the propositional calculus and statement systems. This provides a relatively simple setting in which to grapple with the some times foreign ideas of mathematical logic. These ideas are repeated in Part II, where the predicate calculus and semantical systems are studied.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Logic: Propositional calculus, Boolean algebras, predicate calculus by : René Cori
Download or read book Mathematical Logic: Propositional calculus, Boolean algebras, predicate calculus written by René Cori and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2000 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The requirement to reason logically forms the basis of all mathematics, and hence mathematical logic is one of the most fundamental topics that students will study. Assuming no prior knowledge of the topic, this book provides an accessible introduction for advanced undergraduate students.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Logic by : René Calvache
Download or read book Mathematical Logic written by René Calvache and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Propositional and Predicate Calculus: A Model of Argument by : Derek Goldrei
Download or read book Propositional and Predicate Calculus: A Model of Argument written by Derek Goldrei and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-27 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed specifically for guided independent study. Features a wealth of worked examples and exercises, many with full teaching solutions, that encourage active participation in the development of the material. It focuses on core material and provides a solid foundation for further study.
Book Synopsis The Logical Foundations of Mathematics by : William S. Hatcher
Download or read book The Logical Foundations of Mathematics written by William S. Hatcher and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Logical Foundations of Mathematics offers a study of the foundations of mathematics, stressing comparisons between and critical analyses of the major non-constructive foundational systems. The position of constructivism within the spectrum of foundational philosophies is discussed, along with the exact relationship between topos theory and set theory. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an introduction to first-order logic. In particular, two complete systems of axioms and rules for the first-order predicate calculus are given, one for efficiency in proving metatheorems, and the other, in a "natural deduction" style, for presenting detailed formal proofs. A somewhat novel feature of this framework is a full semantic and syntactic treatment of variable-binding term operators as primitive symbols of logic. Subsequent chapters focus on the origin of modern foundational studies; Gottlob Frege's formal system intended to serve as a foundation for mathematics and its paradoxes; the theory of types; and the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. David Hilbert's program and Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems are also examined, along with the foundational systems of W. V. Quine and the relevance of categorical algebra for foundations. This monograph will be of interest to students, teachers, practitioners, and researchers in mathematics.
Book Synopsis Logic Functions and Equations by : Christian Posthoff
Download or read book Logic Functions and Equations written by Christian Posthoff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expanded and updated 2nd edition of this classic text offers the reader a comprehensive introduction to the concepts of logic functions and equations and their applications across computer science. The approach emphasizes a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles as well as numerical and computer-based solution methods. Updated throughout, some major additions for the 2nd edition include: - an expanded introductory section on logic equations; - a new chapter on sets, lattices, and classes of logic functions; - a new chapter about SAT-problems; - a new chapter about methods to solve extremely complex problems; and - an expanded section with new decomposition methods utilizing the Boolean Differential Calculus extended to lattices of logic functions. The book provides insight into applications across binary arithmetic, coding, complexity, logic design, programming, computer architecture, and artificial intelligence. Based on the extensive teaching experience of the authors, Logic Functions and Equations is highly recommended for a one- or two-semester course in computer science and related programs. It provides straightforward high-level access to these methods and enables sophisticated applications, elegantly bridging the gap between mathematics and the theoretical foundations of computer science.
Book Synopsis Description of a Notation for the Logic of Relatives, Resulting from an Amplification of the Conceptions of Boole's Calculus of Logic by : Charles Sanders Peirce
Download or read book Description of a Notation for the Logic of Relatives, Resulting from an Amplification of the Conceptions of Boole's Calculus of Logic written by Charles Sanders Peirce and published by . This book was released on 1870 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Formal Logic by : Augustus De Morgan
Download or read book Formal Logic written by Augustus De Morgan and published by . This book was released on 1847 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Mathematical Analysis of Logic by : George Boole
Download or read book The Mathematical Analysis of Logic written by George Boole and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Mathematical Analysis of Logic: Being an Essay Towards a Calculus of Deductive Reasoning In presenting this Work to public notice, I deem it not irrelevant to observe, that speculations similar to those which it records have, at different periods, occupied my thoughts. In the spring of the present year my attention was directed to the question then moved between Sir W. Hamilton and Professor De Morgan; and I was induced by the interest which it inspired, to resume the almost-forgotten thread of former inquiries. It appeared to me that, although Logic might be viewed with reference to the idea of quantity, it had also another and a deeper system of relations. If it was lawful to regard it from without, as connecting itself through the medium of Number with the intuitions of Space and Time, it was lawful also to regard it from within, as based upon facts of another order which have their abode in the constitution of the Mind. The results of this view, and of the inquiries which it suggested, are embodied, in the following Treatise. It is not generally permitted to an Author to prescribe the mode in which his production shall be judged; but there are two conditions which I may venture to require of those who shall undertake to estimate the merits of this performance. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
