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Logic The Theory Of Inquiry
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Book Synopsis Inquiry as Inquiry: A Logic of Scientific Discovery by : Jaakko Hintikka
Download or read book Inquiry as Inquiry: A Logic of Scientific Discovery written by Jaakko Hintikka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is a genuine logic of scientific discovery possible? In the essays collected here, Hintikka not only defends an affirmative answer; he also outlines such a logic. It is the logic of questions and answers. Thus inquiry in the sense of knowledge-seeking becomes inquiry in the sense of interrogation. Using this new logic, Hintikka establishes a result that will undoubtedly be considered the fundamental theorem of all epistemology, viz., the virtual identity of optimal strategies of pure discovery with optimal deductive strategies. Questions to Nature, of course, must include observations and experiments. Hintikka shows, in fact, how the logic of experimental inquiry can be understood from the interrogative vantage point. Other important topics examined include induction (in a forgotten sense that has nevertheless played a role in science), explanation, the incommensurability of theories, theory-ladenness of observations, and identifiability.
Book Synopsis Logic - The Theory of Inquiry by : John Dewey
Download or read book Logic - The Theory of Inquiry written by John Dewey and published by Saerchinger Press. This book was released on 2008-11 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LOGIC THE THEORY OF INQUIRY By JOHN DEWEY NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY COPYRIGHT, 1938, BY HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY, INC. January, 1939 BINDER Y0ci. 1950 I d Jt PRINTED IN THE-XmiTEILSTATES OF AMERICA UM. V 981500 4, t PREFACE NJHIS BOOK is a development of ideas regarding the nature of logical theory that were first presented, some forty years ago, in Studies in Logical Theory that were somewhat expanded in Essays in Experimental Logic and were briefly summarized with special reference to education in Ho w We Think While basic ideas remain the same, there has naturally been considerable modi fication during the intervening years. While connection with the problematic is unchanged, express identification of reflective thought with objective inquiry makes possible, I think, a mode of statement less open to misapprehension than were the previous ones. The present work is marked in particular by application of the earlier ideas to interpretation of the forms and formal relations that constitute the standard material of logical tradition. This in terpretation has at the same rime involved a detailed development, critical and constructive, of the general standpoint and its under lying ideas. In this connection, attention is called particularly to the principle of the continuum of inquiry, a principle whose importance, as far as I am aware, only Peirce had previously noted. Application of this principle enables an empirical account to be given of logical forms, whose necessity traditional empiricism overlooked or denied while at the same time it proves that the interpretation of them as a priori is unnecessary. The connection of the principle with generalization in its two forms which aresystematically distinguished through out the work and with the probability coefficient of all existential generalizations is, I suppose, sufficiently indicated in the chapters devoted to these topics. The basic conception of inquiry as de termination of an indeterminate situation not only enables the vexed topic of the relation of judgment and propositions to obtain an ob jective solution, but, in connection with the conjugate relation of observed and conceptual material, enables a coherent account of the different propositional forms to be given. The word Pragmatism does not, I think, occur in the ext. iii IV PREFACE Perhaps the word lends itself to misconception. At all events, so much misunderstanding and relatively futile controversy have gathered about the word that it seemed advisable to avoid its use. But in the proper interpretation of pragmatic, namely the func tion of consequences as necessary tests of the validity of proposi tions, provided these consequences are operationally instituted and are such as to resolve the specific problem evoking the operations, the text that follows is thoroughly pragmatic. In the present state of logic, the absence of any attempt at sym bolic formulation will doubtless cause serious objection in the minds of many readers. This absence is not due to any aversion to such formulation. On the contrary, I am convinced that acceptance of the general principles set forth will enable a more complete and con sistent set of symbolizations than now exists to be made. The ab sence of symbolization is due, first, to a point mentioned in the text, the need for development of a general theory of language in which form and matter are not separated and, secondly, to the fact that an adequate set of symbols depends upon prior institution of valid ideas of the conceptions and relations that are symbolized. With out fulfilment of this condition, formal symbolization will as so often happens at present merely perpetuate existing mistakes while strengthening them by seeming to give them scientific stand ing. Readers not particularly conversant with contemporary logical discussions may find portions of the text too technical, especially perhaps in Part III...
Book Synopsis Essays in Experimental Logic by : John Dewey
Download or read book Essays in Experimental Logic written by John Dewey and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Logic of Reliable Inquiry by : Kevin T. Kelly
Download or read book The Logic of Reliable Inquiry written by Kevin T. Kelly and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 1996-01-04 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This illustrated work searches for the answers to such questions as whether standard methodological recommendations help or hinder the reliability of inquiry. It uses techniques and concepts drawn from formal learning theory, topology and the theory of computability.
Download or read book Dewey's New Logic written by Thomas Burke and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1998-05-22 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Celebrated for his work in the philosophy of education and acknowledged as a leading proponent of American pragmatism, John Dewey might have had more of a reputation for his philosophy of logic had Bertrand Russell not so fervidly attacked him on the subject. This book analyzes the debate between Russell and Dewey that followed the 1938 publication of Dewey's Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, and argues that, despite Russell's early resistance, Dewey's logic is surprisingly relevant to recent developments in philosophy and cognitive science. Since Dewey's logic focuses on natural language in everyday experience, it poses a challenge to Russell's formal syntactic conception of logic. Tom Burke demonstrates that Russell misunderstood crucial aspects of Dewey's theory - his ideas on propositions, judgments, inquiry, situations, and warranted assertibility - and contends that logic today has progressed beyond Russell and is approaching Dewey's broader perspective. Burke relates Dewey's logic to issues in epistemology, philosophy of language and psychology, computer science, and formal semantics.
Book Synopsis On Logic and the Theory of Science by : Jean Cavailles
Download or read book On Logic and the Theory of Science written by Jean Cavailles and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new translation of the final work of French philosopher Jean Cavaillès. In this short, dense essay, Jean Cavaillès evaluates philosophical efforts to determine the origin—logical or ontological—of scientific thought, arguing that, rather than seeking to found science in original intentional acts, a priori meanings, or foundational logical relations, any adequate theory must involve a history of the concept. Cavaillès insists on a historical epistemology that is conceptual rather than phenomenological, and a logic that is dialectical rather than transcendental. His famous call (cited by Foucault) to abandon "a philosophy of consciousness" for "a philosophy of the concept" was crucial in displacing the focus of philosophical enquiry from aprioristic foundations toward structural historical shifts in the conceptual fabric. This new translation of Cavaillès's final work, written in 1942 during his imprisonment for Resistance activities, presents an opportunity to reencounter an original and lucid thinker. Cavaillès's subtle adjudication between positivistic claims that science has no need of philosophy, and philosophers' obstinate disregard for actual scientific events, speaks to a dilemma that remains pertinent for us today. His affirmation of the authority of scientific thinking combined with his commitment to conceptual creation yields a radical defense of the freedom of thought and the possibility of the new.
Book Synopsis A Logical Theory of Causality by : Alexander Bochman
Download or read book A Logical Theory of Causality written by Alexander Bochman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference. In this book, Alexander Bochman presents a general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference, basing it on a supposition that causal reasoning is not a competitor of logical reasoning but its complement for situations lacking logically sufficient data or knowledge. Bochman also explores the relationship of this theory with the popular structural equation approach to causality proposed by Judea Pearl and explores several applications ranging from artificial intelligence to legal theory, including abduction, counterfactuals, actual and proximate causality, dynamic causal models, and reasoning about action and change in artificial intelligence. As logical preparation, before introducing causal concepts, Bochman describes an alternative, situation-based semantics for classical logic that provides a better understanding of what can be captured by purely logical means. He then presents another prerequisite, outlining those parts of a general theory of nonmonotonic reasoning that are relevant to his own theory. These two components provide a logical background for the main, two-tier formalism of the causal calculus that serves as the formal basis of his theory. He presents the main causal formalism of the book as a natural generalization of classical logic that allows for causal reasoning. This provides a formal background for subsequent chapters. Finally, Bochman presents a generalization of causal reasoning to dynamic domains.
Book Synopsis The Later Works of John Dewey, Volume 12, 1925 - 1953 by : John Dewey
Download or read book The Later Works of John Dewey, Volume 12, 1925 - 1953 written by John Dewey and published by SIU Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heralded as "the crowning work of a great career," Logic: The Theory of Inquiry was widely reviewed. To Evander Bradley McGilvary, the work assured Dewey "a place among the world's great logicians." William Gruen thought "No treatise on logic ever written has had as direct and vital an impact on social life as Dewey's will have." Paul Weiss called it "the source and inspiration of a new and powerful movement." Irwin Edman said of it, "Most philosophers write postscripts; Dewey has made a program. His Logic is a new charter for liberal intelligence." Ernest Nagel called the Logic an impressive work. Its unique virtue is to bring fresh illumination to its subject by stressing the roles logical principles and concepts have in achieving the objectives of scientific inquiry."
Book Synopsis The Logic of Scientific Discovery by : Karl Popper
Download or read book The Logic of Scientific Discovery written by Karl Popper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-11-04 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.
Book Synopsis Peirce's Pragmatic Theory of Inquiry by : Elizabeth Cooke
Download or read book Peirce's Pragmatic Theory of Inquiry written by Elizabeth Cooke and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A ground-breaking study of one of America's greatest philosophers
Book Synopsis Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality by : Erik Weber
Download or read book Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality written by Erik Weber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-06 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a selection of the papers presented at the Logic, Reasoning and Rationality 2010 conference (LRR10) in Ghent. The conference aimed at stimulating the use of formal frameworks to explicate concrete cases of human reasoning, and conversely, to challenge scholars in formal studies by presenting them with interesting new cases of actual reasoning. According to the members of the Wiener Kreis, there was a strong connection between logic, reasoning, and rationality and that human reasoning is rational in so far as it is based on (classical) logic. Later, this belief came under attack and logic was deemed inadequate to explicate actual cases of human reasoning. Today, there is a growing interest in reconnecting logic, reasoning and rationality. A central motor for this change was the development of non-classical logics and non-classical formal frameworks. The book contains contributions in various non-classical formal frameworks, case studies that enhance our apprehension of concrete reasoning patterns, and studies of the philosophical implications for our understanding of the notions of rationality.
Book Synopsis Logic - The Theory of Inquiry by : John Dewey
Download or read book Logic - The Theory of Inquiry written by John Dewey and published by Read Books Ltd. This book was released on 2018-01-04 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This antiquarian volume contains a detailed treatise on logic and the theory of 'Inquiry', as a development of ideas regarding the nature of logical theory that were first presented in Studies in Logical Theory. The present work is marked in particular by application of the earlier ideas to interpretation of the forms and formal relations that constitute the standard material of the logical tradition. Inquiry is one of the most essential skills in the world of business and management; as well as being of great utility to the student of philosophy, this book can help clarify the process of inquiry and develop skills for inquiry in the context of decision making, and may therefore be of considerable service to a range of different readers. The chapters of this volume include: - The Matrix of Inquiry - The Problem of Logical Subject-Matter - Common Sense and Scientific Inquiry - The Needed Reform of Logic - Immediate Knowledge: Understanding and Inference This vintage book is being republished now in an affordable, modern edition complete with a new prefatory biography of the author.
Book Synopsis Inquiry, Logic, and International Politics by : Benjamin A. Most
Download or read book Inquiry, Logic, and International Politics written by Benjamin A. Most and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the use of logic, simulation, and empirical data, Benjamin A. Most and Harvey Starr develop and demonstrate a nuanced and more appropriate conceptualization of explanation in international relations and foreign policy in Inquiry, Logic, and International Politics. They demonstrate that a concern with the logical underpinnings of research raises a series of theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological issues that must be addressed if theory and research design are to meet the challenges of cumulation in the study of international relations (or any area of social science). The authors argue for understanding the critical, yet subtle, interplay of the elements with a research triad composed of theory, logic, and method.
Book Synopsis Studies in Logical Theory by : John Dewey
Download or read book Studies in Logical Theory written by John Dewey and published by Chicago : The University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1903 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pragmatism, Logic, and Law by : Frederic Kellogg
Download or read book Pragmatism, Logic, and Law written by Frederic Kellogg and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pragmatism, Logic and Law offers a view of legal pragmatism consistent with pragmatism writ large, tracing it from origins in late 19th century America to the present, covering various issues, legal cases, personalities, and relevant intellectual movements within and outside law. It addresses pragmatism’s relation to legal liberalism, legal positivism, natural law, critical legal studies (CLS), and post-Rorty “neopragmatism.” It views legal pragmatism as an exemplar of pragmatism’s general contribution to logical theory, which bears two connections to the western philosophical tradition: first, it extends Francis Bacon’s empiricism into contemporary aspects of scientific and legal experience, and second, it is an explicitly social reconstruction of logical induction. Both notions were articulated by John Dewey, and both emphasize the social or corporate element of human inquiry. Empiricism is informed by social as well as individual experience (which includes the problems of conflict and consensus). Rather than following the Aristotelian model of induction as immediate inference from particulars to generals, a model that assumes a consensual objective viewpoint, pragmatism explores the actual, and extended, process of corporate inference from particular experience to generalization, in law as in science. This includes the necessary process of resolving disagreement and finding similarity among relevant particulars.
Book Synopsis The Conduct of Inquiry by : Richard F. Kitchener
Download or read book The Conduct of Inquiry written by Richard F. Kitchener and published by Rlpg/Galleys. This book was released on 1999 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Conduct of Inquiry is a practical introduction to logic and scientific method. It provides a comprehensive and current discussion of the logic of scientific method and scientific reasoning. The author places consistent stress on the evaluation of actual scientific reasoning and the development of critical thinking skills by employing numerous examples that require the application of the principles discussed in the text. Each chapter lays out basic, underlying principles of logic and scientific method and illustrates them by reference to detailed case studies in the history of science. The method of proceeding from concrete case studies to general principle embodied in the examples provides an understandable progression for those learning the basic ideas of logic and scientific method.
Book Synopsis Inquiry: A New Paradigm for Critical Thinking by : Mark Battersby
Download or read book Inquiry: A New Paradigm for Critical Thinking written by Mark Battersby and published by University of Windsor. This book was released on 2018-12-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the development and theoretical foundation of a new paradigm for critical thinking based on inquiry. The field of critical thinking, as manifested in the Informal Logic movement, developed primarily as a response to the inadequacies of formalism to represent actual argumentative practice and to provide useful argumentative skills to students. Because of this, the primary focus of the field has been on informal arguments rather than formal reasoning. Yet the formalist history of the field is still evident in its emphasis, with respect to both theory and pedagogy, on the structure and evaluation of individual, de-contextualized arguments. It is our view that such a view of critical thinking is excessively narrow and limited, failing to provide an understanding of argumentation as largely a matter of comparative evaluation of a variety of contending positions and arguments with the goal of reaching a reasoned judgment on an issue. As a consequence, traditional critical thinking instruction is problematic in failing to provide the reasoning skills that students need in order to accomplish this goal. Instead, the goal of critical thinking instruction has been seen largely as a defensive one: of learning to not fall prey to invalid, inadequate, or fallacious arguments.
