Life And Health Sciences

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Analytics in Healthcare and the Life Sciences

Author : Thomas H. Davenport
Publisher : Pearson Education
ISBN 13 : 0133408701
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Analytics in Healthcare and the Life Sciences by : Thomas H. Davenport

Download or read book Analytics in Healthcare and the Life Sciences written by Thomas H. Davenport and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Make healthcare analytics work: leverage its powerful opportunities for improving outcomes, cost, and efficiency.This book gives you thepractical frameworks, strategies, tactics, and case studies you need to go beyond talk to action. The contributing healthcare analytics innovators survey the field’s current state, present start-to-finish guidance for planning and implementation, and help decision-makers prepare for tomorrow’s advances. They present in-depth case studies revealing how leading organizations have organized and executed analytic strategies that work, and fully cover the primary applications of analytics in all three sectors of the healthcare ecosystem: Provider, Payer, and Life Sciences. Co-published with the International Institute for Analytics (IIA), this book features the combined expertise of IIA’s team of leading health analytics practitioners and researchers. Each chapter is written by a member of the IIA faculty, and bridges the latest research findings with proven best practices. This book will be valuable to professionals and decision-makers throughout the healthcare ecosystem, including provider organization clinicians and managers; life sciences researchers and practitioners; and informaticists, actuaries, and managers at payer organizations. It will also be valuable in diverse analytics, operations, and IT courses in business, engineering, and healthcare certificate programs.

A History of the Life Sciences

Author : Lois N. Magner
Publisher : Marcel Dekker
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of the Life Sciences by : Lois N. Magner

Download or read book A History of the Life Sciences written by Lois N. Magner and published by Marcel Dekker. This book was released on 1994 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear and concise survey of the major themes and theories embedded in the history of life science, this book covers the development and significance of scientific methodologies, the relationship between science and society, and the diverse ideologies and current paradigms affecting the evolution and progression of biological studies. The author discusses cell theory, embryology, physiology, microbiology, evolution, genetics, and molecular biology; the Human Genome Project; and genomics and proteomics. Covering the philosophies of ancient civilizations to modern advances in genomics and molecular biology, the book is a unique and comprehensive resource.

Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Life and Health Sciences

Author : Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470405090
Total Pages : 1027 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Life and Health Sciences by : Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan

Download or read book Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Life and Health Sciences written by Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspired by the Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, Second Edition, this volume outlines the statistical tools for successfully working with modern life and health sciences research Data collection holds an essential part in dictating the future of health sciences and public health, as the compilation of statistics allows researchers and medical practitioners to monitor trends in health status, identify health problems, and evaluate the impact of health policies and programs. Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Life and Health Sciences serves as a single, one-of-a-kind resource on the wide range of statistical methods, techniques, and applications that are applied in modern life and health sciences in research. Specially designed to present encyclopedic content in an accessible and self-contained format, this book outlines thorough coverage of the underlying theory and standard applications to research in related disciplines such as biology, epidemiology, clinical trials, and public health. Uniquely combining established literature with cutting-edge research, this book contains classical works and more than twenty-five new articles and completely revised contributions from the acclaimed Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, Second Edition. The result is a compilation of more than eighty articles that explores classic methodology and new topics, including: Sequential methods in biomedical research Statistical measures of human quality of life Change-point methods in genetics Sample size determination for clinical trials Mixed-effects regression models for predicting pre-clinical disease Probabilistic and statistical models for conception Statistical methods are explored and applied to population growth, disease detection and treatment, genetic and genomic research, drug development, clinical trials, screening and prevention, and the assessment of rehabilitation, recovery, and quality of life. These topics are explored in contributions written by more than 100 leading academics, researchers, and practitioners who utilize various statistical practices, such as election bias, survival analysis, missing data techniques, and cluster analysis for handling the wide array of modern issues in the life and health sciences. With its combination of traditional methodology and newly developed research, Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Life and Health Sciences has everything students, academics, and researchers in the life and health sciences need to build and apply their knowledge of statistical methods and applications.

Introduction to Biological Physics for the Health and Life Sciences

Author : Kirsten Franklin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470711392
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Biological Physics for the Health and Life Sciences by : Kirsten Franklin

Download or read book Introduction to Biological Physics for the Health and Life Sciences written by Kirsten Franklin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to demystify fundamental biophysics for students in the health and biosciences required to study physics and to understand the mechanistic behaviour of biosystems. The text is well supplemented by worked conceptual examples that will constitute the main source for the students, while combining conceptual examples and practice problems with more quantitative examples and recent technological advances.

Leadership in the Life Sciences

Author : Brian D. Smith
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429663773
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Leadership in the Life Sciences by : Brian D. Smith

Download or read book Leadership in the Life Sciences written by Brian D. Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The healthcare professionals who save and extend our lives are helpless without the medicines and technologies that have revolutionised medical care. But the industry that invents, makes and provides these indispensable tools is transforming under the pressure of ageing populations, globalisation and revolutions in biological and information technology. How this industry adapts and evolves is vitally important to every one of us. This book looks inside the heads and hearts of the people who lead the global pharmaceutical and medical technology industry. It describes how they make sense of their markets and the wider life sciences economy. It reveals what they have learned about how to lead large, complex organisations to compete in dynamic, global markets. Leadership in the Life Sciences is essential reading for anyone working in or with the pharmaceutical and medical technology industry and its halo of supporting companies. Written as ten succinct lessons, it gives the reader unique insight into what the industry’s leaders are thinking. Covering topics from leadership to organisational culture, from change management to digital disruption and from competitive strategy to value-creation, each chapter distils the accumulated wisdom of those who lead the complex and turbulent life sciences industry.

Life and Health Sciences for CCEA AS Level

Author : Nora Henry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781780733371
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (333 download)

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Book Synopsis Life and Health Sciences for CCEA AS Level by : Nora Henry

Download or read book Life and Health Sciences for CCEA AS Level written by Nora Henry and published by . This book was released on 2022-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Data Analysis for the Life Sciences with R

Author : Rafael A. Irizarry
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498775861
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Data Analysis for the Life Sciences with R by : Rafael A. Irizarry

Download or read book Data Analysis for the Life Sciences with R written by Rafael A. Irizarry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers several of the statistical concepts and data analytic skills needed to succeed in data-driven life science research. The authors proceed from relatively basic concepts related to computed p-values to advanced topics related to analyzing highthroughput data. They include the R code that performs this analysis and connect the lines of code to the statistical and mathematical concepts explained.

Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences

Author : Erling Norrby
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814299367
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences by : Erling Norrby

Download or read book Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences written by Erling Norrby and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nobel Prizes m natural sciences have achieved the reputation of being the ultimate accolade for scientific achievements. This honk gives a unique insight into the selection of Nobel Prize recipients, in particular the life sciences. The evolving mechanisms of selection of prize recipients are illustrated by reference to archives, which have remained secret for 1) years. Many of the prizes subjected to particular evaluation concern awards given for discoveries in the field of infectious diseases and the interconnected field of genetics. The book illustrates the individuals and environments that are conducive to scientific creativity. Nowhere is this enigmatic activity'-- the mime mover in advancing the human condition highlighted as lucidly as by identification individuals worthy of Nobel Prizes. --Book Jacket.

Physics of the Life Sciences

Author : Jay Newman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387772596
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics of the Life Sciences by : Jay Newman

Download or read book Physics of the Life Sciences written by Jay Newman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-23 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each chapter has three types of learning aides for students: open-ended questions, multiple-choice questions, and quantitative problems. There is an average of about 50 per chapter. There are also a number of worked examples in the chapters, averaging over 5 per chapter, and almost 600 photos and line drawings.

Writing in the Life Sciences

Author : Laurence S. Greene
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195170467
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Writing in the Life Sciences by : Laurence S. Greene

Download or read book Writing in the Life Sciences written by Laurence S. Greene and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practicing scientists know that the quality of their livelihood is strongly connected to the quality of their writing, and critical thinking is the most necessary and valuable tool for effectively generating and communicating scientific information. Writing in the Life Sciences is an innovative, process-based text that gives beginning writers the tools to write about science skillfully by taking a critical thinking approach. Laurence Greene emphasizes "writing as thinking" as he takes beginning writers through the important stages of planning, drafting, and revising their work. Throughout, he uses focused and systematic critical reading and thinking activities to help scientific writers develop the skills to effectively communicate. Each chapter addresses a particular writing task rather than a specific type of document. The book makes clear which tasks are important for all writing projects (i.e., audience analysis, attending to instructions) and which are unique to a specific writing project (rhetorical goals for each type of document). Ideal for Scientific Writing courses and writing-intensive courses in various science departments (e.g., Biology, Environmental Studies, etc.), this innovative, process-based text goes beyond explaining what scientific writing is and gives students the tools to do it skillfully.

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XV

Author : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848264119
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XV by : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary

Download or read book MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XV written by Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical and Health Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume II

Author : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848263813
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume II by : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary

Download or read book MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume II written by Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical and Health Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume III

Author : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848263821
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume III by : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary

Download or read book MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume III written by Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical and Health Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XVII

Author : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848264135
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XVII by : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary

Download or read book MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XVII written by Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical and Health Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume I

Author : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848263805
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume I by : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary

Download or read book MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume I written by Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical and Health Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XVI

Author : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848264127
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XVI by : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary

Download or read book MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XVI written by Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical and Health Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XIII

Author : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848263929
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XIII by : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary

Download or read book MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume XIII written by Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical and Health Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.