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Laser Isotope Separation And The Future Of Nuclear Proliferation
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Book Synopsis Laser Isotope Separation and the Future of Nuclear Proliferation by : Ruben M. Serrato
Download or read book Laser Isotope Separation and the Future of Nuclear Proliferation written by Ruben M. Serrato and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser isotope separation (LIS) is an emerging technology that uses relatively small, widely-available lasers to achieve civilian or weapons grade concentration of fissile material to fuel nuclear reactions. To date only a few, limited proliferation risk analyses of LIS technology have been conducted. This paper provides a historically and technically informed update on the current state of LIS technology and it explains the high likelihood of increased global LIS adoption. The paper also explains how international rules governing nuclear energy are ill-equipped to handle such new technology. It traces the current limitations to broader issues in international relations theory, especially the incomplete accounts of the role of technology in the proliferation dynamic in the dominant neorealism and social construction of technology approaches. The paper introduces the concept of "international technology development structure," a framework for understanding how technology-related opportunities and constraints at the international system-level influence state nuclear weapons choices. The paper provides a thorough update of recent international laser innovations relevant to laser isotope separation and it explains how the spread of laser-related knowledge expands state nuclear options and influences their choices. The paper also provides a country-by-country update on LIS programs and it uses the example of Iran's laser isotope separation program to show how existing International Atomic Energy Agency efforts and export control approaches will be inadequate to addressing dual-use technologies such as LIS. It concludes by proposing a new course that links good standing in nuclear non-proliferation agreements to participation in the World Trade Organization, global conferences, and fundamental university research. Ultimately, the paper attempts to provide a comprehensive account of how emerging laser isotope separation technology presents non-proliferation challenges and it attempts to explore options for addressing this new period in technological achievement and change.
Book Synopsis Emerging Laser Isotope Separation Technology and the Future of Nuclear Proliferation by : Ruben Serrato
Download or read book Emerging Laser Isotope Separation Technology and the Future of Nuclear Proliferation written by Ruben Serrato and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Special Isotope Separation Project Construction & Operation Using Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Technology (ID,WA,SC) by :
Download or read book Special Isotope Separation Project Construction & Operation Using Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Technology (ID,WA,SC) written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Proliferation Using Laser Isotope Separation -- Verification Options by :
Download or read book Nuclear Proliferation Using Laser Isotope Separation -- Verification Options written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two levels of nonproliferation verification exist. Signatories of the basic agreements under the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) agree to open their nuclear sites to inspection by the IAEA. A more detailed and intrusive level was developed following the determination that Iraq had begun a nuclear weapons development program that was not detected by the original level of verification methods. This level, referred to as 93+2 and detailed in model protocol INFCIRC/540, allows the IAEA to do environmental monitoring of non-declared facilities that are suspected of containing proliferation activity, and possibly further inspections, as well as allowing more detailed inspections of declared sites. 56 countries have signed a Strengthened Safeguards Systems Additional Protocol as of 16 July 2001. These additional inspections can be done on the instigation of the IAEA itself, or after requests by other parties to the NPT, based on information that they have collected. Since information able to cause suspicion of proliferation could arrive at any country, it is important that countries have procedures in place that will assist them in making decisions related to these inspections. Furthermore, IAEA inspection resources are limited, and therefore care needs to be taken to make best use of these resources. Most of the nonproliferation verification inspections may be concentrated on establishing that diversion of nuclear materials is not occurring, but some fraction will be related to determining if undeclared sites have nuclear materials production taking place within them. Of these, most suspicions will likely be related to the major existing technologies for uranium enrichment and reprocessing for plutonium extraction, as it would seem most likely that nations attempting proliferation would use tested means of producing nuclear materials. However, as technology continues to advance and new methods of enrichment and reprocessing are developed, inspection-related procedures will need to be adapted to keep up with them. In order to make 93+2 inspections more useful, a systematic way of finding clues to nuclear proliferation would be useful. Also, to cope with the possible use of newer technology for proliferation, the list of clues might need to be expanded. This paper discusses the development and recognition of such clues. It concentrates on laser isotope separation (LIS) as a new proliferation technology, and uses Uranium Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (U-AVLIS) as an example of LIS that is well known.
Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by : Allan S. Krass
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Laser Isotope Separation by : Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Applied Photochemistry Division
Download or read book Introduction to Laser Isotope Separation written by Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Applied Photochemistry Division and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technology and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons by : Richard Kokoski
Download or read book Technology and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons written by Richard Kokoski and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author focuses on the critical developments, technological in particular, which are currently posing a threat to the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Crucial technologies affecting nuclear weapon proliferation and their potential ramifications for the nuclear non-proliferation regimes as a whole are examined and potential policy options which could ameliorate or eliminate the resulting dangers are analysed and assessed. Developments and problems raised by the Iraqi and North Korean nuclear programmes receive special attention. In particular, recent efforts in strengthening export control regulations on nuclear and dual-use technology and equipment and in improving nuclear safeguards are described and their impact analysed. Of lasting relevance in the non-proliferation context, this book is of particular relevance in the light of the indefinite extension of the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Book Synopsis Efforts to Develop Two Nuclear Concepts that Could Greatly Improve this Country's Future Energy Situation, Energy Research and Development Administration by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Efforts to Develop Two Nuclear Concepts that Could Greatly Improve this Country's Future Energy Situation, Energy Research and Development Administration written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimization and Analysis of the Laser Isotope Separation Technique SILEX and Ensuing Proliferation Ramifications by : Aaron Taylor Baldwin
Download or read book Optimization and Analysis of the Laser Isotope Separation Technique SILEX and Ensuing Proliferation Ramifications written by Aaron Taylor Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SILEX is a molecular isotope separation technique that takes advantage of the differing energies of molecular excitations between different isotopes of uranium. This process occurs within a jet of supersonic gas, the gas includes both uranium hexafluoride and a carrier gas, and reportedly allows for high separation factors relative to other isotope-separation processes. Industry interests have argued that it could be readily commercialized. This topic is of particular interest because laser isotope separation technology has seen an increase in interest and funding over the last decade. This suggests some study of the risks that such a technology poses to society may now be in order. To inform policymakers about the risks inherent to a particular enrichment technology, it is necessary to understand the theoretical underpinnings of the technology before one can analyze the impact of the technology. Positions expressed in the current literature are ill-informed and range from deep opposition, citing concerns that SILEX poses greater proliferation risk than centrifuge or gaseous diffusion technology, to claims by scientists that it is not possible to use the technology to produce greater than 50% enriched U-235. A rigorous and holistic view of the technology will better inform policy by improving the accuracy of claims and identifying realistic solutions to problems the technology may pose. This thesis will seek to provide this deeply technical and holistic analysis of the technology, and will use the results to interpret the economic and proliferation impact such a technology will have on the global nuclear enterprise. The holistic analysis in this thesis will present several important conclusions: 1) the enrichment factor of SILEX is not quite as large as proponents suggest; 2) asymmetric cascade designs will be required; 3) SILEX may not be cheaper than centrifuge facilities; 4) SILEX will not be viable without improvements in laser technology; and 5) international policies may be the most effective means of curtailing enrichment schemes like SILEX.
Book Synopsis The Future of Weapons of Mass Destruction: an Update by : John P. Caves
Download or read book The Future of Weapons of Mass Destruction: an Update written by John P. Caves and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reader on Nuclear Nonproliferation by : Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Download or read book Reader on Nuclear Nonproliferation written by Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SCOTT (copy 1) From the John Holmes Library collection.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Nuclear Proliferation by : Harsh V Pant
Download or read book Handbook of Nuclear Proliferation written by Harsh V Pant and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-02-27 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters of this proposed volume are intended to shed light on the diverse themes surrounding this very important issue area in international security. Each of the six major sections addresses an aspect of nuclear proliferation that will be critical in determining the future trajectory of global politics in the years to come. The first section examines the major thematic issues underlying the contemporary discourse on nuclear proliferation. How do we understand this period in proliferation? What accounts for a taboo on the use of nuclear weapons so far and will it survive? What is the present state of nuclear deterrence models built during the Cold War? What is the relationship between the pursuit of civilian nuclear energy and the risks of proliferation? Why are we witnessing a move away from non-proliferation to counter-proliferation? The second section gives an overview of the evolving nuclear policies of the five established nuclear powers: the USA, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and the People's Republic of China. Section three looks at the three de facto nuclear states: India, Pakistan and Israel. The fourth section examines the three problem areas in the proliferation matrix today – Iran, North Korea and the potent mix of non-state actors and nuclear weapons. The fifth section sheds light on an important issue often ignored during discussions of nuclear proliferation – cases where states have made a deliberate policy choice of either renouncing their nuclear weapons programme, or have decided to remain a threshold state. The cases of South Africa, Egypt and Japan will be the focus of this section. The final section will examine the present state of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime, which most observers agree is currently facing a crisis of credibility. The three pillars of this regime – the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and the Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT) – will be examined. This is followed by an analysis of the present trends and prospects for US-Russia nuclear arms control. The impact of missile defenses and the US-India civilian nuclear energy co-operation pact will be examined so as to ascertain whether they have weakened or strengthened the global non-proliferation regime. The chapters in this volume aim to document the increasing complexity of the global nuclear proliferation dynamic and the inability of the international community to come to terms with a rapidly changing strategic milieu. The future, in all likelihood, will be very different from the past, and the chapters in this volume will try to develop a framework that may help gain a better understanding of the forces that will shape the nuclear proliferation debate in the years to come. Proposed Contents Introduction – Overview Part 1: Thematic Issues The Second Nuclear Age The Nuclear Taboo Nuclear Deterrence Nuclear Energy and Non-Proliferation Non-Proliferation and Counter Proliferation Non-State Actors and Nuclear Weapons Part 2: The Five Nuclear Powers USA Russia United Kingdom France People's Republic of China Part 3: De Facto Nuclear States India Pakistan Israel Part 4: The ‘Problem’ States Iran North Korea Part 5: The ‘Threshold’ States South Africa Japan Egypt Part 6: The Global Non-Proliferation Regime The NPT The CTBT The FMCT US-Russia Nuclear Arms Control The Impact of Missile Defenses The US-India Nuclear Deal The Future: What It May Hold In Store Conclusion
Author :Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Publisher :Routledge ISBN 13 :100019924X Total Pages :493 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (1 download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by : Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Download or read book Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In mid-1980 a second conference for the review of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) would take place in Geneva. Given the importance of preventing, or at least slowing down, nuclear weapon proliferation, this conference would be a crucial event in the field of arms control and disarmament. For many countries the technical and economic barriers to proliferation had disappeared, and the only remaining barriers were political. In an attempt to contribute to the discussions at the NPT Review Conference, SIPRI assembled a group of experts from a number of countries to discuss the technical aspects of the control of fissionable materials in non-military applications. The meeting took place in Stockholm, 12-16 October 1978. Originally published in 1979, this book on nuclear energy and nuclear weapon proliferation contains the papers presented at the symposium and reflects the discussions at the meeting.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :516 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Proliferation: Future U.S. Policy Implications by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs
Download or read book Nuclear Proliferation: Future U.S. Policy Implications written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Non-Proliferation by : John Simpson
Download or read book Nuclear Non-Proliferation written by John Simpson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-11-12 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1987, this book is concerned with the possible acquisition of nuclear weapons by states not in possession of them and the international concern caused by this. Since 1968, the international arrangements designed to prevent this had been based upon the Nuclear Non-Proliferations Treaty, which had over 130 states as signatories at the time of publication. The initial period of application of this treaty ended in 1995, and a conference was held then to discuss its extension. This volume was the first public attempt to explore the problems surrounding this conference, to examine issues likely to determine its outcome, and to analyse the consequences if the conference were to fail to reach any agreement on extension. The international contributors were among the foremost students and practitioners in the area, and brought unique knowledge and experience to the subject. The result was a pathbreaking attempt to investigate a critical problem for international security in the 1990s, and to identify methods whereby international nuclear non-proliferation arrangements could be extended into the next century.
Book Synopsis A New Approach to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by : Kelsey Hartigan
Download or read book A New Approach to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Kelsey Hartigan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Center for Strategic and International Studies joined to launch the New Approaches to the Fuel Cycle project. This project sought to build consensus on common goals, address practical challenges, and engage a spectrum of actors that influence policymaking regarding the nuclear fuel cycle. The project also tackled one of the toughest issues—spent nuclear fuel and high level waste—to see if solutions there might offer incentives to states on the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle and address the inherent inertia and concerns about additional burdens and restrictions that have stalled past efforts to improve the robustness of the nonproliferation regime. This report presents the group’s conclusions that a best-practices approach to the nuclear fuel cycle can achieve these objectives and offer a path to a more secure and sustainable nuclear landscape.
Author :Benjamin K Sovacool Publisher :World Scientific Publishing Company ISBN 13 :9813107979 Total Pages :308 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (131 download)
Book Synopsis Contesting The Future Of Nuclear Power: A Critical Global Assessment Of Atomic Energy by : Benjamin K Sovacool
Download or read book Contesting The Future Of Nuclear Power: A Critical Global Assessment Of Atomic Energy written by Benjamin K Sovacool and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2011-05-05 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise but rigorous appraisal about the future of nuclear power and the presumed nuclear renaissance. It does so by assessing the technical, economic, environmental, political, and social risks related to all aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle, from uranium mills and mines to nuclear reactors and spent fuel storage facilities. In each case, the book argues that the costs of nuclear power significantly outweigh its benefits. It concludes by calling for investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency as a better path towards an affordable, secure, and socially acceptable future.The prospect of a global nuclear renaissance could change the way that energy is produced and used the world over. Sovacool takes a hard look at who would benefit — mostly energy companies and manufacturers — and who would suffer — mostly taxpayers, those living near nuclear facilities, and electricity customers. This book is a must-read for anyone even remotely concerned about a sustainable energy future, and also for those with a specific interest in modern nuclear power plants.
