Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Laboratory Investigation Of Dense Non Aqueous Phase Liquid Dnapl Partial Source Zone Remediation Using Cosolvents
Download Laboratory Investigation Of Dense Non Aqueous Phase Liquid Dnapl Partial Source Zone Remediation Using Cosolvents full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Laboratory Investigation Of Dense Non Aqueous Phase Liquid Dnapl Partial Source Zone Remediation Using Cosolvents ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Laboratory Investigation of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) Partial Source Zone Remediation Using Cosolvents by : Andrew Joseph Kaye
Download or read book Laboratory Investigation of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) Partial Source Zone Remediation Using Cosolvents written by Andrew Joseph Kaye and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: There are hundreds of thousands of commercial, military, and industrial sites across the country where chemical wastes cause contamination to groundwater. Some of the more challenging sites to clean up contain contaminants as dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). There is currently no consensus in the academic, technical and regulatory communities on the ecological or environmental impacts of DNAPL source zone treatment. While many in-situ technologies have shown the ability to remove a significant portion of the contaminant mass, none are able to remove all of it from the source zone. This study investigates the benefits of partial source zone removal using cosolvent flushing. The benefits were assessed by characterizing the relationship between reductions in DNAPL mass and the corresponding reduction in contaminant mass discharge in several laboratory scale experiments. Also, the effects of fluid override and underride associated with cosolvent flushing on the mass reduction (MR) vs. flux reduction (FR) relationship were investigated. The results indicate a model with beta> 1 may be a good approximation of the MR vs. FR relationship using enhanced dissolution by the cosolvents in systems with similar degrees DNAPL and media heterogeneity. Also, the override and underride associated with cosolvents did not significantly affect their remediation.
Book Synopsis Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation by : Bernard H. Kueper
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.
Book Synopsis Treating Dense Nonaqueous-phase Liquids (DNAPLs) by : Godage B. Wickramanayake
Download or read book Treating Dense Nonaqueous-phase Liquids (DNAPLs) written by Godage B. Wickramanayake and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - DNAPL Site Characterization- DNAPL Modeling- DNAPL Remediation Technologies- DNAPLs in Fractured Media- Surfactant/Cosolvent Flushing.
Book Synopsis Groundwater and Soil Cleanup by : National Research Council
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Book Synopsis Contaminants in the Subsurface by : National Research Council
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Book Synopsis Cost-Benefit Analysis of Cosolvent Flushing to Treat Groundwater Contamination Source Areas by : Stacey L. Anason
Download or read book Cost-Benefit Analysis of Cosolvent Flushing to Treat Groundwater Contamination Source Areas written by Stacey L. Anason and published by . This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the zone beneath the water table can be a virtually permanent source of groundwater contamination that cannot be remediated by currently available technologies. Cosolvent flushing is a new technology that has the potential to remediate these sites and could pose a solution to the problem of DNAPL source areas. A computer model was developed to determine the cost and time to remediate an aquifer using cosolvent flushing. Included in the model is a module to calculate the costs of recycling the alcohol that is used as the cosolvent. The model was validated using site conditions to a prior study. It was determined that recycling the cosolvent allows cosolvent flushing to be a cost effective alternative to surfactant flushing, another new technology being considered for DNAPL source remediation. Sensitivity analysis of the model was conducted by varying the saturation percentage of contaminant, percentage and type of alcohol used in the cosolvent mixture, site hydraulic conductivity, and the contaminant. Five alcohols were modeled: methanol, ethanol, 1-isopropanol, 2-isopropanol, and tert-butyl-alcohol (TBA). 1-Isopropanol, 2-isopropanol, and TBA were always more expensive than methanol and ethanol.
Book Synopsis A Numerical Investigation of Metabolic Reductive Dechlorination in DNAPL Source Zones by : John Anthony Christ
Download or read book A Numerical Investigation of Metabolic Reductive Dechlorination in DNAPL Source Zones written by John Anthony Christ and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the most intractable environmental remediation problems are those involving the release of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), such as chlorinated solvents, to the subsurface. Research efforts have focused on the use of numerical models to investigate reductions in contaminant concentrations due to partial mass removal and improvements in the performance of complementary source zone remediation technologies. Previous numerical investigations, however, have been limited to two-dimensional systems. Furthermore, a lack of models capable of simulating the most promising complementary technology, metabolic reductive dechlorination, has limited its application. This work developed and applied compositional multiphase numerical simulators to examine the influence of dimensionality (two-dimensions versus three-dimensions) on DNAPL source zone simulations and to investigate the benefits of stimulating metabolic reductive dechlorination at a chlorinated ethene-DNAPL contaminated site. Results from the dimensionality investigation showed that the simulation of DNAPL migration, entrapment, and dissolution in two dimensions provided reasonable approximations to the behavior simulated in three dimensions. Commonly employed saturation distribution and mass recovery metrics were approximately equivalent. Flux- averaged concentrations simulated in two dimensions, however, tended to be three to four times higher than those simulated in three dimensions. This difference was attributed to dilution at the down gradient boundary. An alternative metric, mass flux reduction, however, yielded better agreement.
Book Synopsis Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites by : National Research Council
Download or read book Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Download or read book Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs): Review of Emerging Characterization and Remediation Technologies by :
Download or read book Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs): Review of Emerging Characterization and Remediation Technologies written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the mounting interest from ITRC member states in addressing DNAPL contaminant problems, ITRC was asked for input on several sampling and analysis plans commissioned by the Interagency DNAPL Consortium (IDC) as part of its DNAPL demonstration project at Cape Canaveral Air Station in Florida. Initially formed in 1999 to review these documents, the ITRC DNAPL Work Team was expanded to address emerging issues in DNAPL characterization and remediation. The team has prepared this technology overview document to summarize recent developments in this field. The purpose of this document is to educate regulators and project managers about the DNAPL problem and to spotlight a selection of emerging characterization and remediation technologies for DNAPLs. Traditionally, sites with DNAPL were often dealt with through a ground water containment strategy whereby the recalcitrant source material and/or the resultant plume of dissolved contaminants are physically contained and monitored over the long term to keep them from migrating further. Emerging in situ technologies are now being developed that actively target these DNAPL sources for elimination or substantial reduction. DNAPL Source Characterization. Because the DNAPL source is targeted, additional characterization efforts, focused in the known or suspected source zone, are often needed to go beyond the conventional techniques typically used to delineate a dissolved plume. In addition to modifications of conventional soil and water sampling methods, innovative field characterization methods may in some cases reasonably provide higher reliability in the detection and quantification of DNAPL. Three general types of emerging DNAPL characterization technologies are presented in this document: geophysical techniques (noninstrusive to minimally intrusive), direct push technologies employing one or a variety of DNAPL screening/sampling devices; and in situ, large-volume chromatography using chemical tracers.
Book Synopsis Lab Testing and Field Implementation of Soil Flushing by : Linda S. Lee
Download or read book Lab Testing and Field Implementation of Soil Flushing written by Linda S. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2006-12-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis DNAPL Site Evaluation by : James W. Mercer
Download or read book DNAPL Site Evaluation written by James W. Mercer and published by CRC-Press. This book was released on 1993-04-29 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNAPL Site Evaluation covers long-term contamination of ground water by DNAPL (dense non-aqueous phase liquids) chemicals. The book develops a framework for planning and implementing DNAPL site characterization activities. It provides detailed methods to identify, characterize, and monitor sites and analyzes their utility, limitations, risks, availability, and cost. Methods to interpret contaminant fate and transport are identified, and new site characterization methods are assessed. DNAPL Site Evaluation will maximize the cost-effectiveness of site investigation/remediation by providing the best information available to describe and evaluate methods to be used for determining the presence, fate, and transport of subsurface DNAPL contamination. The book will be a useful reference for groundwater professionals and environmental regulatory personnel.
Book Synopsis Nonaqueous-phase Liquids by : Godage B. Wickramanayake
Download or read book Nonaqueous-phase Liquids written by Godage B. Wickramanayake and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Fractured Media- DNAPL Movement- DNAPL Behavior- Simulation of DNAPL Multiphase Flow and Transport- Characterization of Source Zones- DNAPL Recovery Systems- NAPL Remediation.
Book Synopsis In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation by : Robert L. Siegrist
Download or read book In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation written by Robert L. Siegrist and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of the principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation based on a decade of intensive research, development, and demonstrations, and lessons learned from commercial field applications.
Book Synopsis Methods and Techniques for Cleaning-up Contaminated Sites by : Michael D. Annable
Download or read book Methods and Techniques for Cleaning-up Contaminated Sites written by Michael D. Annable and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-29 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication comprises the presentations made at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Sinaia, Romania 9 – 11 October, 2006. The contributions represent a unique cross section of issues and challenges related to contaminated site management. These range from low cost solutions to petroleum contaminated sites to advances in biological treatment methods. The publication is meant to foster links between groups facing challenges cleaning up contaminated sites.
Book Synopsis Dense, Nonaqueous-Phase Liquid of DNAPL Source Zone at Launch Complex 34 in Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida by :
Download or read book Dense, Nonaqueous-Phase Liquid of DNAPL Source Zone at Launch Complex 34 in Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dense, nonaqueous-phase liquid contaminants are a challenge to characterize and remediate at many sites where such contaminants have entered the aquifer due to past use of disposal practices. Chlorinated solvents are common DNPL contaminates at sites where operations, such as aircraft maintenance, dry cleaning, and metal finishing have historically occurred. In the past, because of the difficulty in identifying the DNAPL source zone, most remediation efforts focused on controlling the migration of the dissolved chlorinated volatile organic compounds plume. Recently, many sites owners have had success in locating DNAPL sources. DNAPL source remediation is beneficial because once the source has been significantly mitigated; the strength and duration of the resulting plume can potentially be lowered. The goal of the project is to evaluate the technical and cost performance of the resistive heating technology for remediation of DNAPL source zones. Resistive heating technology splits conventional three-phase electricity into six electrical phases and delivers it to the subsurface through metal electrodes. In the subsurface, the electrical energy resistively heats the soil and groundwater to generate steam. A combination of direct volatilization and steam stripping drives contaminants to the vadose cone, where a vapor extraction steam collects the steam and contaminant vapors and treats them in an above ground treatment system. The resistive heating demonstration is part of a larger demonstration of three different DNAPL remediation technologies being conducted.
Author :Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309069327 Total Pages :289 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation by : Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources
Download or read book Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation written by Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, officials responsible for clean-up of contaminated groundwater have increasingly turned to natural attenuation-essentially allowing naturally occurring processes to reduce the toxic potential of contaminants-versus engineered solutions. This saves both money and headaches. To the people in surrounding communities, though, it can appear that clean-up officials are simply walking away from contaminated sites. When is natural attenuation the appropriate approach to a clean-up? This book presents the consensus of a diverse committee, informed by the views of researchers, regulators, and community activists. The committee reviews the likely effectiveness of natural attenuation with different classes of contaminants-and describes how to evaluate the "footprints" of natural attenuation at a site to determine whether natural processes will provide adequate clean-up. Included are recommendations for regulatory change. The committee emphasizes the importance of the public's belief and attitudes toward remediation and provides guidance on involving community stakeholders throughout the clean-up process. The book explores how contamination occurs, explaining concepts and terms, and includes case studies from the Hanford nuclear site, military bases, as well as other sites. It provides historical background and important data on clean-up processes and goes on to offer critical reviews of 14 published protocols for evaluating natural attenuation.
