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Laboratory And Field Evaluations Of External Sulfate Attack In Concrete
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Book Synopsis Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack by : Thanos Drimalas
Download or read book Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack written by Thanos Drimalas and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: External sulfate attack is a complex process that can result in concrete structures deteriorating prematurely. This dissertation describes a comprehensive evaluation of factors influencing external sulfate attack and includes both laboratory and field investigations. Significant emphasis was placed on evaluating the sulfate resistance of mortar and concrete containing high-calcium fly ash (Class C fly ash as per ASTM C 618). This investigation showed that these fly ashes generally reduced the sulfate resistance of mortar and concrete, but that sulfate resistance was possible through the incorporation of other supplementary cementing materials (silica fume and ultra fine fly ash) into these mixtures. Another key area of emphasis in this project was the correlation between accelerated laboratory tests and outdoor exposure site performance. The behavior of concrete exposed to various sulfate salts (sodium, magnesium, and calcium) was evaluated, both in static immersion tests and in outdoor sulfate trenches. It was found that the distress outdoors was exacerbated by physical sulfate attack, especially when concrete was exposed to sodium sulfate. It was found that lowering the water-tocementitious ratio (w/cm) and incorporating appropriate dosages of suitable supplementary cementing materials improved resistance to both chemical and physical forms of sulfate attack. Lastly, a comprehensive study of bridges throughout Texas discovered concrete structures suffering from possible external sulfate attack. The use of analytical techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used throughout the study to determine the presence of hydration products that may form with mortars and concrete specimens. Findings from this research will be implemented in specifications in Texas for the use of Class C fly ash use in concrete in areas that may have sulfate soils and groundwater.
Book Synopsis Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack in Concrete by : Thanos Drimalas
Download or read book Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack in Concrete written by Thanos Drimalas and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack, Phase II by : John Christopher Clement
Download or read book Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack, Phase II written by John Christopher Clement and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project, funded by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT 4889) is a continuation of research begun in 2004 by Thano Drimalas. This report focuses on the testing recommended in the dissertation published in 2007, and further expands testing for an improved understanding of external sulfate attack. Performance of mortars under ASTM C 1012 testing encompasses a large portion of this study. Construction of additional outdoor sulfate exposure sites with varying concentrations to represent the conditions in ACI 318-08 was also initiated to study the long-term behavior of various concrete mixtures subjected to varying sulfate types and concentrations. Evaluation of previously examined and unexplored field sites was also performed under this second phase of the project.
Book Synopsis External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests by : Esperanza Menéndez
Download or read book External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests written by Esperanza Menéndez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers contributions from the final workshop of the RILEM TC-251-SRT "Sulfate Resistance Testing" on External Sulfate Attack (TESA 2018), held on May 24-25, 2018 at IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. One of the Technical Committee’s main events, it addressed various aspects of external sulfate attack in concrete structures and test methods. The workshop promoted technical discussions and debates on ideas on these topics, with a focus on evaluating the resistance of concrete exposed to ESA. It also provided a forum for participants from around the globe to share their experiences and research on concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack and on test methods. The book discusses the latest advances in research related to ESA and new developments in test methods, and features real-world case studies of concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack in various countries. It also presents new studies linking field cases and lab tests, including 12 contributions on 3 main themes: mechanisms of alteration in external sulfate attack; field aspects of external sulfate attack; and testing to evaluate the resistance of concrete to external sulfate attack.
Book Synopsis External Sulfate Attack of Concrete by : Federico Macias Aguayo Jr.
Download or read book External Sulfate Attack of Concrete written by Federico Macias Aguayo Jr. and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate attack of concrete is perhaps the least understood of the major durability mechanisms plaguing reinforced concrete infrastructures. Many studies have attempted to better understand the underlying mechanisms in which the various modes of deterioration by sulfate attack manifest; however, several controversies still exist. Moreover, ASTM C 1012 (2012), which is the most commonly referred standardized laboratory test method to determine sulfate resistance of blended portland cement mixtures, does not always link well to field performance and may take up to 18 months to complete. The research program presented in this dissertation investigates various issues pertaining to the mechanisms, testing methods, and factors influencing external sulfate attack. The primary focus of this research study was to investigate and propose a reliable, and innovative accelerated test method to evaluate the sulfate performance using concrete specimens. The research program was divided into the following four key components: (1) design a method that can obtain results within a reasonable timeframe (less than six months); (2) design a method that uses concrete specimens and thus links more closely to field performance; (3) develop a better understanding on the role and mechanisms of sulfate attack on concrete through a comprehensive research program including field and laboratory investigations; and (4) investigate the use of calcium sulfate (gypsum) used as an additive to mitigate the potential of sulfate attack in blended portland cement mixtures using high-calcium fly ash. The findings in this dissertation led to the development of a potential accelerated test method for determining sulfate resistance by vacuum impregnating concrete (or mortar) samples with sulfate solution to accelerate the ingress and onset of chemical reactions between the hydrated cement paste and sulfate ion (SO42-). The effects of binder type, water-to-cementitious ratio (w/cm), curing regime, sulfate type and concentration are examined. In comparison to the conventional ASTM C 1012 method, results showed a higher rate of expansion with significant distress observed in samples subjected to the accelerated test method and placed in a 5% Na2SO4 solution. Similar trends, but at a relatively lower expansion rate, were also observed in samples placed in a 0.89% Na2SO4 solution. Physical measurements, chemical analysis and microstructural studies were performed periodically on the specimens.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Degradation of Concrete by External Sulfate Ions Under Laboratory and Field Conditions by : Aude Chabrelie
Download or read book Mechanisms of Degradation of Concrete by External Sulfate Ions Under Laboratory and Field Conditions written by Aude Chabrelie and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Field and Laboratory Studies of the Sulfate Resistance of Concrete by : Bryant Mather
Download or read book Field and Laboratory Studies of the Sulfate Resistance of Concrete written by Bryant Mather and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International Conference of Sustainable Production and Use of Cement and Concrete by : Jose Fernando Martirena-Hernandez
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Conference of Sustainable Production and Use of Cement and Concrete written by Jose Fernando Martirena-Hernandez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations and applications presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the International Conference on Sustainable Production and Use of Cement and Concrete (ICSPCC 2019), held in Villa Clara, Cuba on June 23-30, 2019. It covers highly diverse topics, including sustainable production of low-carbon cements, novelties in the development of supplementary cementitious materials, new techniques for the microstructural characterization of construction materials, Portland-based and alkaline-activated cementitious systems, development of additives and additions in the sustainable production of concrete, sustainable production of high-performance concrete, durable concrete produced with recycled aggregates, development of mortars for historical patrimony restoration, environmental and economic assessment of the production and use of cement. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous, international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will inspire novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration between different specialists.
Book Synopsis Laboratory and Field Tests of Concrete Exposed to the Action of Sulphate Waters by : Dalton Giles Miller
Download or read book Laboratory and Field Tests of Concrete Exposed to the Action of Sulphate Waters written by Dalton Giles Miller and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Materials Science of Concrete by : Jacques Marchand
Download or read book Materials Science of Concrete written by Jacques Marchand and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 papers grapple with new problems and old ones that remain unresolved concerning sulfate attack on concrete, not considered one of the most prevalent mechanisms of concrete deterioration, but one that has received much attention lately because of costly litigation against manufacturers, developers, and others. The topics include the role of ettringite in external sulfate attack, microstructural alterations in permeable concrete, assessing damage and predicting service life of venerable concrete, a marine environment, and the adequacy of standards. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Building Pathology, Durability and Service Life by : J.M.P.Q. Delgado
Download or read book Building Pathology, Durability and Service Life written by J.M.P.Q. Delgado and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a collection of recent research works, helping contribute to the systematization and dissemination of the latest findings on building pathologies (structural and hygrothermal), salt attack and corrosion, durability and service-life prediction. It reflects a number of recent advances concerning the above-mentioned topics, particularly in concrete structures. Intended as an overview of the current state of knowledge, the book will benefit scientists, students, practitioners, lecturers and other interested parties. At the same time, the topics covered are relevant to a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines, including civil, materials and mechanical engineering.
Book Synopsis Sulfate Attack on Concrete by : J. Marchand
Download or read book Sulfate Attack on Concrete written by J. Marchand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate Attack on Concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. It covers: a short history of concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack, the origin of sulfates in concrete, the importance of appropriate concrete processing, forms and physical-chemical mechanisms of concrete deterioration due to sulfates, preventative mea
Book Synopsis Non-Destructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures by : Christiane Maierhofer
Download or read book Non-Destructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures written by Christiane Maierhofer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-04 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many concrete structures and elements of concrete infrastructure have exceeded their original design lives and are deteriorating to an extent where they are becoming dangerous. The deterioration can be internal or not obvious and therefore only shows up with detailed testing. Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 1: Deterioration processes and standard test methods reviews the processes of deterioration and classical and standard test methods. Part one discusses deterioration of reinforced concrete and testing problems with chapters on topics such as key issues in the non-destructive testing of concrete structures, when to use non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures, deterioration processes in reinforced concrete, modelling ageing and corrosion processes in reinforced concrete structures, components in concrete and their impact on quality, and predicting the service life of reinforced concrete structures. Part two reviews classical and standard testing methods including microscopic examination of deteriorated concrete, the analysis of solid components and their ratios in reinforced concrete structures, the determination of chlorides in concrete structures, and investigating the original water content of reinforced concrete structures. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 1: Deterioration processes and standard test methods will be a standard reference for civil and structural engineers as well as those concerned with making decisions regarding the safety of reinforced concrete structures. Provides a comprehensive discussion from examination of the components in concrete and their affect on quality through to the role of and tools required for lifetime management Experts in the field identify the testing problems associated with infrastructure considering design, build and maintenance stages Presents a guide for when to use non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures including the role of time in testing
Book Synopsis Standards for Evaluating the Susceptibility of Cement-Based Materials to External Sulfate Attack by : J. R. Clifton
Download or read book Standards for Evaluating the Susceptibility of Cement-Based Materials to External Sulfate Attack written by J. R. Clifton and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Detection, Analysis, and Treatment of Materials-related Distress in Concrete Pavements by :
Download or read book Guidelines for Detection, Analysis, and Treatment of Materials-related Distress in Concrete Pavements written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to develop guidelines to provide pavement engineers and field and laboratory personnel with a systematic procedure for the identification, evaluation, treatment, and prevention of materials-related distress in portland cement concrete pavements.
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Produced with Portland-limestone Cements and Supplementary Cementitious Materials by : Reza Mohammadi Ahani
Download or read book Low Temperature Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Produced with Portland-limestone Cements and Supplementary Cementitious Materials written by Reza Mohammadi Ahani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland-limestone cement with up to 15% interground limestone was included in the Canadian Standard A3000 for Hydraulic Cements in 2008. However, due to the lack of data on sulfate resistance of concrete especially the potential for thaumasite sulfate attack at low temperatures, the use of portland-limestone cement in concretes subjected to moderate or severe sulfate exposures, even when blended with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) was not allowed. In this experimental research, the sulfate resistance of fifty three concrete mixtures produced with several combinations of portland and/or portland-limestone cements and SCMs at three different water-to-cementitious materials ratios of 0.40, 0.50, and 0.70 exposed to both sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions was evaluated in both laboratory and field exposures at low temperatures by measuring changes in length, mass, and resonant frequency of concrete prisms as well as making visual inspections. Also, the causes, mechanisms, and depth of deterioration in damaged concrete mixtures having insufficient levels of SCMs was investigated by mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses using micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that SCMs at sufficient replacement levels significantly improve the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and in such mixtures there was no impact of limestone additions. The sulfate resistance of PC+SCMs and PLC+SCMs concrete mixtures is equal to or better than that of currently allowed highly and moderately sulfate-resistant portland and blended cements. Exposure to magnesium sulfate solution is more aggressive than sodium sulfate solution. The sulfate resistance of concrete prisms in the selected field exposures is better than that of prisms in the selected laboratory exposures due to more reasonable concentrations of sulfate solutions, larger prism size, and possibly including the variable temperature used in the field exposure. Since there is no standard test method for evaluating the sulfate resistance of concrete due to the potential threat from thaumasite sulfate attack at low temperature and previous research focused on mortar tests, the results of this research can be used to develop a standard test method for evaluating the sulfate resistance of concrete.
Book Synopsis Field Evaluation of Internally Sealed Concrete by : Richard J. Spring
Download or read book Field Evaluation of Internally Sealed Concrete written by Richard J. Spring and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
