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Kinetic Modeling Of Non Ideal Explosives
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Book Synopsis Kinetic Modeling of Non-ideal Explosives with CHEETAH. by :
Download or read book Kinetic Modeling of Non-ideal Explosives with CHEETAH. written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report an implementation of the Wood-Kirkwood kinetic detonation model based on multi-species equations of state and multiple reaction rate laws. Finite rate laws are used for the slowest chemical reactions. Other reactions are given infinite rates and are kept in constant thermodynamic equilibrium. We model a wide range of ideal and non-ideal composite energetic materials. We find that we can replicate experimental detonation velocities to within a few per cent, while obtaining good agreement with estimated reaction zone lengths. The detonation velocity as a function of charge radius is also correctly reproduced.
Book Synopsis Kinetic Modeling of Non-ideal Explosives by :
Download or read book Kinetic Modeling of Non-ideal Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have implemented a Wood-Kirkwood kinetic detonation model based on multi-species equations of state and multiple reaction rate laws. Finite rate laws are used for the slowest chemical reactions, while other reactions are given infinite rates and are kept in constant thermodynamic equilibrium. We model a wide range of ideal and non-ideal composite energetic materials. In addition, we develop an exp-6 equation of state for the product fluids that reproduces a wide range experimental shock Hugoniot and static compression data. For unreacted solids, including solid and liquid Al and Al2O3, we use a Murnaghan form for the equation of state. We find that we can replicate experimental detonation velocities to within a few per cent for a wide range of explosives, while obtaining good agreement with estimated reaction zone lengths. The detonation velocity as a function of charge radius is also correctly reproduced.
Book Synopsis Kinetic Modeling of Slow Energy Release in Non-Ideal Carbon Rich Explosives by : L. Fried
Download or read book Kinetic Modeling of Slow Energy Release in Non-Ideal Carbon Rich Explosives written by L. Fried and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present here the first self-consistent kinetic based model for long time-scale energy release in detonation waves in the non-ideal explosive LX-17. Non-ideal, insensitive carbon rich explosives, such as those based on TATB, are believed to have significant late-time slow release in energy. One proposed source of this energy is diffusion-limited growth of carbon clusters. In this paper we consider the late-time energy release problem in detonation waves using the thermochemical code CHEETAH linked to a multidimensional ALE hydrodynamics model. The linked CHEETAH-ALE model dimensional treats slowly reacting chemical species using kinetic rate laws, with chemical equilibrium assumed for species coupled via fast time-scale reactions. In the model presented here we include separate rate equations for the transformation of the un-reacted explosive to product gases and for the growth of a small particulate form of condensed graphite to a large particulate form. The small particulate graphite is assumed to be in chemical equilibrium with the gaseous species allowing for coupling between the instantaneous thermodynamic state and the production of graphite clusters. For the explosive burn rate a pressure dependent rate law was used. Low pressure freezing of the gas species mass fractions was also included to account for regions where the kinetic coupling rates become longer than the hydrodynamic time-scales. The model rate parameters were calibrated using cylinder and rate-stick experimental data. Excellent long time agreement and size effect results were achieved.
Book Synopsis מעשה בית דין. פוסטאט. אש-- לשטרות by :
Download or read book מעשה בית דין. פוסטאט. אש-- לשטרות written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants, Second Edition by : Charles L. Mader
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants, Second Edition written by Charles L. Mader and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-08-29 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles Mader, a leading scientist who conducted theoretical research at Los Alamos National Laboratory for more than 30 years, sets a new standard with this reference on numerical modeling of explosives and propellants. This book updates and expands the information presented in the author's landmark work, Numerical Modeling of Detonations, published in 1979 and still in use today. Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants incorporates the considerable changes the personal computer has brought to numerical modeling since the first book was published, and includes new three-dimensional modeling techniques and new information on propellant performance and vulnerability. Both an introduction to the physics and chemistry of explosives and propellants and a guide to numerical modeling of detonation and reactive fluid dynamics, Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants offers scientists and engineers a complete picture of the current state of explosive and propellant technology and numerical modeling. The book is richly illustrated with figures that support the concepts, and filled with tables for quick access to precise data. The accompanying CD-ROM contains computer codes that are the national standard by which modeling is evaluated. Dynamic material properties data files and animation files are also included. There is no other book available today that offers this vital information.
Book Synopsis Enabling R & D for Accurate Simulation of Non-ideal Explosives by :
Download or read book Enabling R & D for Accurate Simulation of Non-ideal Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We implemented two numerical simulation capabilities essential to reliably predicting the effect of non-ideal explosives (NXs). To begin to be able to treat the multiple, competing, multi-step reaction paths and slower kinetics of NXs, Sandia's CTH shock physics code was extended to include the TIGER thermochemical equilibrium solver as an in-line routine. To facilitate efficient exploration of reaction pathways that need to be identified for the CTH simulations, we implemented in Sandia's LAMMPS molecular dynamics code the MSST method, which is a reactive molecular dynamics technique for simulating steady shock wave response. Our preliminary demonstrations of these two capabilities serve several purposes: (i) they demonstrate proof-of-principle for our approach; (ii) they provide illustration of the applicability of the new functionality; and (iii) they begin to characterize the use of the new functionality and identify where improvements will be needed for the ultimate capability to meet national security needs. Next steps are discussed.
Book Synopsis On the Calibration of Some Ideal and Non-ideal Explosives by : Steven B. Holman
Download or read book On the Calibration of Some Ideal and Non-ideal Explosives written by Steven B. Holman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initial portion of this work will expound a concise, albeit limited, introduction to energetic materials, from their background and the reasons they are studied to the modern developments used in the work of this thesis. Today there are several reason why these materials are studied. The immense amount of chemical energy present in these materials, if harnessed appropriately, would be greatly beneficial to people and society. Due to some current uses of these materials it is clear that they will be around for some time. Therefore safety in handling, storage and transportation is of paramount importance. It would also be remiss to neglect the beneficial uses these materials have in applications such as mining and construction, propulsion, avalanche control, and a myriad of other uses. This thesis will predominantly present two main issues, the characterization of several energetic materials and a parameter study for the effects of model equation of state parameters on the behavior of a detonating process. To do this not only required background in the mathematical modeling but also the physical foundation of the material, through their equations of state. These were largely based on the prior work of W. C. Davis but have been added to significantly by many people, as mentioned later. The reaction rate laws present also had their roots in earlier work. This is especially true for the modified Ignition and Growth (I&G) model, largely developed by members of the D. S. Stewart group at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. Prominent notable research is also presented along the way that either provides much of the necessary background or as a source of the data used to produce the outcome of this thesis. Additionally, a very brief description of some of the experimental procedures for collecting data are discussed, as well as their ii interplay with certain theoretical models. The effective modeling of these materials would not have been possible without a synergy between theoretical, numerical and experimental aspects. Finally the calibrations of various explosives are presented. It is through these materials that the effectiveness of the models is determined, as it is required that the models reproduce well the experimental data. Many of these experimental characteristics that were measured in the lab are also recreated, along side simulated data, in the software tool DSDTOOLS . Through the course of calibrating these materials, the differing aspects of these materials become more transparent. The calibration process was necessary to see which materials are insensitive, which are initiated to detonation upon impact quickest, and several other characteristics that manifest themselves through the calibration procedures.
Book Synopsis Modelling Shock Initiation and Detonation in the Non-Ideal Explosive PBXW-115 by :
Download or read book Modelling Shock Initiation and Detonation in the Non-Ideal Explosive PBXW-115 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the detonics of the non-ideal explosive PBXW-115 (also called PBXN-111). Two chemical equilibrium codes were used to predict its ideal CJ state, with estimates of its ideal detonation velocity differing by over 1.3 mm microns. A small divergent detonation theory was calibrated to unconfined detonation velocity measurements, and used to describe the CJ state at different charge diameters. It was predicted that the detonation was being supported by about 15% reaction at the critical diameter, with the velocity about 1.7 mm microns-1 below the ideal value. A finite element hydrocode was used to simulate a variety of initiation and detonation tests, with the results generally in excellent agreement with the experimental data. It was found that many experimental techniques (including those for the measurement of ideal detonation velocity, CJ zone length, and Pop-plots) require substantially different interpretation for non-ideal explosives.
Book Synopsis Reviews in Computational Chemistry, Volume 25 by : Kenny B. Lipkowitz
Download or read book Reviews in Computational Chemistry, Volume 25 written by Kenny B. Lipkowitz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-11-02 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: VOLUME 25 Reviews in Computational Chemistry Kenny B. Lipkowitz and Thomas R. Cundari This Volume, Like Those Prior To It, Features Pedagogically Driven Reviews By Experts In Various Fields Of Computational Chemistry. Volume 25 Contains: Eight Chapters Covering The Glass Transition In Polymer Melts, Atomistic Modeling Of Friction, The Computation Of Free Volume, Structural Order And Entropy Of Liquids And Glasses, The Reactivity Of Materials At Extreme Conditions, Magnetic Properties Of Transition Metal Clusters, Multiconfigurational Quantum Methods For The Treatment Of Heavy Metals, Recursive Solutions To Large Eigenvalue Problems, And The Development And Uses Of Artificial Intelligence In Chemistry. From Reviews of the Series "Reviews in Computational Chemistry remains the most valuable reference to methods and techniques in computational chemistry." -JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS AND MODELLING "One cannot generally do better than to try to find an appropriate article in the highly successful Reviews in Computational Chemistry. The basic philosophy of the editors seems to be to help the authors produce chapters that are complete, accurate, clear, and accessible to experimentalists (in particular) and other nonspecialists (in general)." -JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Book Synopsis Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 by : Blaine Asay
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Book Synopsis Reactive Burn Modeling of Non-ideal Explosives by : Eduardo Lozano
Download or read book Reactive Burn Modeling of Non-ideal Explosives written by Eduardo Lozano and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Wave Compression of Condensed Matter by : Jerry W Forbes
Download or read book Shock Wave Compression of Condensed Matter written by Jerry W Forbes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the core concepts of the shock wave physics of condensed matter, taking a continuum mechanics approach to examine liquids and isotropic solids. The text primarily focuses on one-dimensional uniaxial compression in order to show the key features of condensed matter’s response to shock wave loading. The first four chapters are specifically designed to quickly familiarize physical scientists and engineers with how shock waves interact with other shock waves or material boundaries, as well as to allow readers to better understand shock wave literature, use basic data analysis techniques, and design simple 1-D shock wave experiments. This is achieved by first presenting the steady one-dimensional strain conservation laws using shock wave impedance matching, which insures conservation of mass, momentum and energy. Here, the initial emphasis is on the meaning of shock wave and mass velocities in a laboratory coordinate system. An overview of basic experimental techniques for measuring pressure, shock velocity, mass velocity, compression and internal energy of steady 1-D shock waves is then presented. In the second part of the book, more advanced topics are progressively introduced: thermodynamic surfaces are used to describe equilibrium flow behavior, first-order Maxwell solid models are used to describe time-dependent flow behavior, descriptions of detonation shock waves in ideal and non-ideal explosives are provided, and lastly, a select group of current issues in shock wave physics are discussed in the final chapter.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented in this publication cover special problems in the field of energetic materials, particularly detonation phenomena in solids and liquids. General subject areas include shock-to-detonation transition, time resolved chemistry, initiation modeling, deflagration-to-detonation transition, equation of state and equation of state and performance, composites and emulsions, and composites and emulsions/underwater explosives, reaction zone, detonation wave propagation, hot spots, detonation products, chemistry and compositions, and special initiation.
Book Synopsis A Reaction Progress Variable Modeling Approach for Non-ideal Explosives by : Kevin P. Ruggirello
Download or read book A Reaction Progress Variable Modeling Approach for Non-ideal Explosives written by Kevin P. Ruggirello and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multiphase flow and mixture fraction based reaction progress variable formulation for aluminum droplet combustion is presented. The aluminum combustion model is based on previous work and extended to a reaction progress variable approach to model the post-detonation combustion of non-ideal explosives. The reaction progress variable formulation allows group combustion behavior for several particles burning in a fuel rich region of the flow to be modeled. Isolated single particle cases are validated against experimental and other numerical results. The new models are implemented in the CTH Shock Physics code, and comparisons are made to experimental data for a thermobaric charge. Finally, parametric studies are conducted to determine the sensitivity to initial charge equivalence ratio, and particle size. There is evidence of an optimum equivalence ratio to maximize the pressure impulse from the charge.
Book Synopsis Lagrange Gage Studies of Nonideal Explosives Containing NH4NO3 by : M. Cowperthwaite
Download or read book Lagrange Gage Studies of Nonideal Explosives Containing NH4NO3 written by M. Cowperthwaite and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical and experimental studies of planar detonation waves in Amatex 20 were performed to obtain a better understanding of the role of ammonium nitrate in the detonation process in explosives formulated from RDX, TNT, and AN. The theoretical work was performed to provide a more definitive and realistic treatment of steady-state detonation waves in such composite explosives. The treatment developed for such waves extends the classical Zelodovich-von Neumann-Doering (ZND) model for ideal detonation into a prototype model for nonideal detonation. The kinetic processes responsible for nonideal behavior were assumed to be incomplete decomposition of the slowest reacting explosive component, and the incomplete attainment of chemical equilibrium among the detonation products from the different explosive components. The experimental work was performed to obtain a more complete characterization of the detonation process in Amatex 20. The mean particle size of AN in the Amatex 20 charges was increased from the baseline value of appx 7 mm to a value of appx 2 mm. Multiple Lagrange particle velocity gage experiments were performed and analyzed to obtain a quantitative description of planar detonation in this coarse-grained Amatex 20.
Book Synopsis Modelling of PBXW-115 Using Kinetic CHEETAH and the DYNA Codes by : Jing Ping Lu
Download or read book Modelling of PBXW-115 Using Kinetic CHEETAH and the DYNA Codes written by Jing Ping Lu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Waves in Condensed Matter by : Y. M. Gupta
Download or read book Shock Waves in Condensed Matter written by Y. M. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth American Physical Society Topical Conference on Shock Waves in Condensed Matter was held in Spokane, Washington, July 22-25, 1985. Two hundred and fifty scientists and engineers representing thirteen countries registered at the conference. The countries represented included the United States of America, Australia, Canada, The People's Repub lic of China, France, India, Israel, Japan, Republic of China (Taiwan), United Kingdom, U. S. S. R, Switzerland and West Germany. One hundred and sixty-two technical papers, cov ering recent developments in shock wave and high pressure physics, were presented. All of the abstracts have been published in the September 1985 issue of the Bulletin of the American Physical Society. The topical conferences, held every two years since 1979, have become the principal forum for shock wave studies in condensed materials. Both formal and informal technical discussions regarding recent developments conveyed a sense of excitement. Consistent with the past conferences, the purpose of this conference was to bring together scientists and engineers studying the response of condensed matter to dynamic high pressures and temperatures. Papers covering experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies of con densed matter properties were presented. A noteworthy feature of this conference was the participation by several leading scientists engaged in static high pressure research. Donald Curran served as the Master of Ceremonies at the conference banquet, which was at tended by two hundred and seventy-five conference participants and guests including Dr. Samuel Smith, the new President of Washington State University. Dr.
