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Judging Science
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Book Synopsis Judging Science by : Kenneth R. Foster
Download or read book Judging Science written by Kenneth R. Foster and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attempting to reconcile the law's need for workable rules of evidence with the views of scientific validity and reliability. What is scientific knowledge and when is it reliable? These deceptively simple questions have been the source of endless controversy. In 1993, the Supreme Court handed down a landmark ruling on the use of scientific evidence in federal courts. Federal judges may admit expert scientific evidence only if it merits the label scientific knowledge. The testimony must be scientifically reliable and valid. This book is organized around the criteria set out in the 1993 ruling. Following a general overview, the authors look at issues of fit--whether a plausible theory relates specific facts to the larger factual issues in contention; philosophical concepts such as the falsifiability of scientific claims; scientific error; reliability in science, particularly in fields such as epidemiology and toxicology; the meaning of scientific validity; peer review and the problem of boundary setting; and the risks of confusion and prejudice when presenting science to a jury. The book's conclusion attempts to reconcile the law's need for workable rules of evidence with the views of scientific validity and reliability that emerge from science and other disciplines.
Book Synopsis Judging Science by : Kenneth R. Foster
Download or read book Judging Science written by Kenneth R. Foster and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Existing Criteria for Judging the Quality of Science Exhibits by : Harris H. Shettel
Download or read book An Evaluation of Existing Criteria for Judging the Quality of Science Exhibits written by Harris H. Shettel and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Judging Obscenity by : Christopher Jon Nowlin
Download or read book Judging Obscenity written by Christopher Jon Nowlin and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2003 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines evidence in North American obscenity trials revealing how little consensus there is among those who purport to know best about the nature of artistic representation, human sexuality and the psychological and behavioural effects of digesting explicit sexual narratives and imagery.
Book Synopsis Judging Inequality by : James L. Gibson
Download or read book Judging Inequality written by James L. Gibson and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social scientists have convincingly documented soaring levels of political, legal, economic, and social inequality in the United States. Missing from this picture of rampant inequality, however, is any attention to the significant role of state law and courts in establishing policies that either ameliorate or exacerbate inequality. In Judging Inequality, political scientists James L. Gibson and Michael J. Nelson demonstrate the influential role of the fifty state supreme courts in shaping the widespread inequalities that define America today, focusing on court-made public policy on issues ranging from educational equity and adequacy to LGBT rights to access to justice to worker’s rights. Drawing on an analysis of an original database of nearly 6,000 decisions made by over 900 judges on 50 state supreme courts over a quarter century, Judging Inequality documents two ways that state high courts have crafted policies relevant to inequality: through substantive policy decisions that fail to advance equality and by rulings favoring more privileged litigants (typically known as “upperdogs”). The authors discover that whether court-sanctioned policies lead to greater or lesser inequality depends on the ideologies of the justices serving on these high benches, the policy preferences of their constituents (the people of their state), and the institutional structures that determine who becomes a judge as well as who decides whether those individuals remain in office. Gibson and Nelson decisively reject the conventional theory that state supreme courts tend to protect underdog litigants from the wrath of majorities. Instead, the authors demonstrate that the ideological compositions of state supreme courts most often mirror the dominant political coalition in their state at a given point in time. As a result, state supreme courts are unlikely to stand as an independent force against the rise of inequality in the United States, instead making decisions compatible with the preferences of political elites already in power. At least at the state high court level, the myth of judicial independence truly is a myth. Judging Inequality offers a comprehensive examination of the powerful role that state supreme courts play in shaping public policies pertinent to inequality. This volume is a landmark contribution to scholarly work on the intersection of American jurisprudence and inequality, one that essentially rewrites the “conventional wisdom” on the role of courts in America’s democracy.
Book Synopsis Reflections on Judging by : Richard A. Posner
Download or read book Reflections on Judging written by Richard A. Posner and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-07 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For Richard Posner, legal formalism and formalist judges--notably Antonin Scalia--present the main obstacles to coping with the dizzying pace of technological advance. Posner calls for legal realism--gathering facts, considering context, and reaching a sensible conclusion that inflicts little collateral damage on other areas of the law.
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). National Committee on Science Education Standards and Assessment Publisher :National Academies ISBN 13 : Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (5 download)
Book Synopsis National Science Education Standards by : National Research Council (U.S.). National Committee on Science Education Standards and Assessment
Download or read book National Science Education Standards written by National Research Council (U.S.). National Committee on Science Education Standards and Assessment and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1993 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reasoning, Judging, Deciding by : Colin Wastell
Download or read book Reasoning, Judging, Deciding written by Colin Wastell and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastell & Howarth’s text clearly, accessibly and comprehensibly introduces the core theories of Thinking, leaving no stone unturned, students will receive an in-depth coverage of the theoretical side of this subject area before the authors delve into a more practical understanding of the topic.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Society for Horticultural Science by : Society for Horticultural Science (U.S.).
Download or read book Proceedings of the Society for Horticultural Science written by Society for Horticultural Science (U.S.). and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science by : American Society for Horticultural Science
Download or read book Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science written by American Society for Horticultural Science and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Judging in Good Faith by : Steven J. Burton
Download or read book Judging in Good Faith written by Steven J. Burton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-11-25 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an original theory of adjudication focused on the ethics of judging in courts of law. It offers two main theses. The good faith thesis defends the possibility of lawful judicial decisions even when judges have discretion. The permissible discretion thesis defends the compatibility of judicial discretion and legal indeterminacy with the legitimacy of adjudication in a constitutional democracy. Together, these two theses oppose both conservative theories that would restrict the scope of adjudication unduly and leftist critical theories that would liberate judges from the rule of law.
Book Synopsis Science Fair Warm-up by : John Haysom
Download or read book Science Fair Warm-up written by John Haysom and published by NSTA Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even science fair enthusiasts may dread grappling with these two questions: 1. How can you organise many middle school students doing many different projects at the same time? 2. How can you help students while giving them the freedom of choice and independence of thought that come with genuine inquiry? Answer the questions--and face science fairs without fear--with the help of this book from the Science Fair Warm-Up series. This book, for grades 5-8, is particularly suited for those students who have not participated in a science fair before, as it lays a foundation for the ideas developed in the later books about the practices of scientists. Even students who have experienced science fairs will find many ideas about scientific practices that are new to them. In addition to offering original investigations, the book provides problem-solving exercises to help students develop the inquiry skills to carry the projects through. To save you time, the materials are organised to grow more challenging and encourage independent study as students progress through the grade levels. To help you meet your teaching goals, the series is based on the constructivist view that makes students responsible for their own learning and aligns with national standards and the new Framework for K-12 Science Education. Science Fair Warm-Up will prepare both you and your students for science fair success. But even if you don't have a science fair in your future, the material can help make your students more proficient with scientific research.
Book Synopsis International Review of the Science and Practice of Agriculture by :
Download or read book International Review of the Science and Practice of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Judging Exhibitions by : Beverly Serrell
Download or read book Judging Exhibitions written by Beverly Serrell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renowned museum consultant and researcher Beverly Serrell and a group of museum professionals from the Chicago area have developed a generalizable framework by which the quality of museum exhibitions can be judged from a visitor-centered perspective. Using criteria such as comfort, engagement, reinforcement, and meaningfulness, they have produced a useful tool for other museum professionals to better assess the effectiveness of museum exhibitions and thereby to improve their quality. The downloadable resources include a brief video demonstrating the Excellent Judges process and provides additional illustrations and information for the reader. Tested in a dozen institutions by the research team, this step-by-step approach to judging exhibitions will be of great value to museum directors, exhibit developers, and other museum professionals.
Download or read book Judging Merit written by Warren Thorngate and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2010-10-18 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Merit-based tests and contests have become popular methods for allocating rewards – from trophies to contracts, jobs to grants, admissions to licenses. With origins in jurisprudence, methods of rewarding merit seem fairer than those rewarding political or social connections, bribery, aggression, status, or wealth. Because of this, merit-based competitions are well-suited to the societal belief that people should be rewarded for what they know or do, and not for who they know or are; however, judging merit is rarely an easy task – it is prone to a variety of biases and errors. Small biases and errors, especially in large competitions, can make large differences in who or what is rewarded. It is important, then, to learn how to spot flaws in procedures for judging merit and to correct them when possible. Based on over 20 years of theory and research in human judgment, decision making and social psychology, this unique book brings together for the first time what is known about the processes and problems of judging merit and their consequences. It also provides practical suggestions for increasing the fairness of merit-based competitions, and examines the future and limits of these competitions in society.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Society for Horticultural Science by : Society for Horticultural Science (U.S.)
Download or read book Proceedings of the Society for Horticultural Science written by Society for Horticultural Science (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Common Law Judging by : Douglas E. Edlin
Download or read book Common Law Judging written by Douglas E. Edlin and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are judges supposed to be objective? Citizens, scholars, and legal professionals commonly assume that subjectivity and objectivity are opposites, with the corollary that subjectivity is a vice and objectivity is a virtue. These assumptions underlie passionate debates over adherence to original intent and judicial activism. In Common Law Judging, Douglas Edlin challenges these widely held assumptions by reorienting the entire discussion. Rather than analyze judging in terms of objectivity and truth, he argues that we should instead approach the role of a judge’s individual perspective in terms of intersubjectivity and validity. Drawing upon Kantian aesthetic theory as well as case law, legal theory, and constitutional theory, Edlin develops a new conceptual framework for the respective roles of the individual judge and of the judiciary as an institution, as well as the relationship between them, as integral parts of the broader legal and political community. Specifically, Edlin situates a judge’s subjective responses within a form of legal reasoning and reflective judgment that must be communicated to different audiences. Edlin concludes that the individual values and perspectives of judges are indispensable both to their judgments in specific cases and to the independence of the courts. According to the common law tradition, judicial subjectivity is a virtue, not a vice.
