Judging Oil Spill Response Performance

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Judging Oil Spill Response Performance by :

Download or read book Judging Oil Spill Response Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The history of judging spill response documents the early default criterion in the 1970s-remove visible oil-that evolved into ecologically based criteria in the 1980s-minimize spill impacts and protect environmentally sensitive areas. In the aftermath of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, more stakeholders and more criteria entered the spill response process in the 1990s. Each stakeholder is concerned with receiving favorable media coverage, or at least minimizing negative coverage, and often views the media as final judges of response performance. The many stakeholders and their many, sometimes conflicting, criteria for judging response are examined, and factors that promote or impede response success are identified. Recommendationa are made to develop response goals and criteria acceptable to all stakeholders in advance of a spill incident. These critieria can then be used to develop contingency and response plans focused on achieving the goals and objectives of all stakeholders. Response performance can then be measured against those criteria either by the response community during exercises and routine responses or an independent panel in the aftermath of a major incident. These evaluations, using stakeholder criteria, can be returned to stakeholders for their consideration in either adjusting criteria that are proven impractical or revising plans to better meet the criteria. Recommendations are offerted to foster debate and are aimed at establishing a standard mechanism for repsonse performance measurement and ultimately improvement"--Abstract.

Oil Spills First Principles

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080537960
Total Pages : 677 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Oil Spills First Principles by : B. Ornitz†

Download or read book Oil Spills First Principles written by B. Ornitz† and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-06-18 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine oil spills are no longer considered unavoidable "accidents" resulting from adverse environmental conditions or functions of catastrophic events. More than 80% of all spills are the result of "human error". The focus of the current legal, regulatory, and convention framework affecting the transportation of oil by ship reflects a recent change in public attitude, in which there is an insistence upon protection of the world¿s marine environments, particularly coastal ecosystems. The outcome of such global attention is the creation of significant legal and political motivators for a cultural shift by the oil shipping industry, from an "evasion culture" to a "safety culture". The new safety culture connotes continuous improvement in ship operations and a willingness to adopt the evolving concepts of communication at all levels, better trained and qualified personnel on board ship, emphasis of safety from top down, and proactive institution of safety management systems. Mere compliance with international and national laws is no longer sufficient for future sustainable shipping. These changes and advancements in understanding the science and engineering of oil spills are the focus of this book on Oil Spills First Principles. They are Prevention, based upon adoption of the safety culture, and Best Response, utilizing scientific, technical and environmental data and information.Over the past 30 years, billions of US dollars have been spent in R&D planning, response and clean up of oil spills. All of these efforts have focused on achieving Best Response. The concept of time periods of "Technology Windows-of-Opportunity" for a given response and clean up technology has developed from the leadership and wisdom of researchers and responders from many nations using modeling of the weathering of spilled oil and technology effectiveness. The Windows-of-Opportunity strategy provides a scientific basis for policy and decision-making in oil spill planning, response, and training.A global paradigm shift is needed to more effectively utilize and expedite the application of lessons learned in both prevention and clean up. Recognition of economic, political, and legal benefits accruing from environmental protection is good for business and critical for sustainable shipping.

The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309478219
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.

Managing Critical Infrastructure Risks

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1402063857
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Critical Infrastructure Risks by : Igor Linkov

Download or read book Managing Critical Infrastructure Risks written by Igor Linkov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-09-11 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a state-of-the-science approach to current environmental security threats and infrastructure vulnerabilities. It emphasizes beliefs that the convergence of seemingly disparate viewpoints and often uncertain and limited information is possible only by using one or more available risk assessment methodologies and decision-making tools such as risk assessment and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).

Publications, Programs & Services

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Publications, Programs & Services by : American Petroleum Institute

Download or read book Publications, Programs & Services written by American Petroleum Institute and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Oil in the Sea III

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309084385
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Oil in the Sea III by : National Research Council

Download or read book Oil in the Sea III written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000177785
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis by : Igor Linkov

Download or read book Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis written by Igor Linkov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision analysis has become widely recognized as an important process for translating science into management actions. With climate change and other systemic threats as driving forces in creating environmental and engineering problems, there is a great need for understanding decision making frameworks through a case-study based approach. Management of environmental and engineering projects is often complicated and multidisciplinary in scope and nature, thus issues that arise can be difficult to solve analytically. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis: Case Studies in Engineering and the Environment provides detailed description of MCDA methods and tools and illustrates their applications through case studies focused on sustainability and system engineering applications. New in the Second Edition: Addresses current and emerging environmental and engineering problems Includes seven new case studies to illustrate different management situations applicable at the international level Builds on real case studies from recent and relevant environmental and engineering management experience Describes advanced MCDA techniques and extensions used by practitioners Provides corresponding decision models implemented using the DECERNS software package Gives a more holistic approach to teaching MCDA methodology with a focus on sustainable solutions and adoption of new technologies, including nanotechnology and synthetic biology Given the novelty and inherent applicability of this decision-making framework to the environmental and engineering fields, a greater number of teaching tools for this topic need to be made available. This book provides those teaching tools, covering the breadth of the applications of MCDA methodologies with clear explanations of the MCDA process. The case studies are implemented in the DECERNS software package, allowing readers to experiment and explore and to understand the full process by which environmental managers assess these problems. This book is a great resource for professionals and students seeking to learn decision analysis techniques and apply similar frameworks to environmental and engineering projects

Oil Spill Response Guide

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Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Oil Spill Response Guide by : Robert J. Meyers & Associates

Download or read book Oil Spill Response Guide written by Robert J. Meyers & Associates and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1989 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes equipment, techniques and logistics for responding to spills. The volume is designed to serve as a guide which will help the on-scene coordinator identify the steps and priorities for responding to major oil spills, or oil well blowouts associated with petroleum activity. Annotation copyri

Oil Spill Dispersants

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Oil Spill Dispersants by : Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects

Download or read book Oil Spill Dispersants written by Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 3 million gallons of oil or refined petroleum products are spilled into U.S. waters every year. Oil dispersants (chemical agents such as surfactants, solvents, and other compounds) are used to reduce the effect of oil spills by changing the chemical and physical properties of the oil. By enhancing the amount of oil that physically mixes into the water, dispersants can reduce the potential that a surface slick will contaminate shoreline habitats. Although called for in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 as a tool for minimizing the impact of oil spills, the use of chemical dispersants has long been controversial. This book reviews the adequacy of existing information and ongoing research regarding the effectiveness of dispersants as an oil spill response technique, as well as the effect of dispersed oil on marine and coastal ecosystems. Oil Spill Dispersants also includes recommended steps for policy makers faced with making hard choices regarding the use of dispersants as part of spill contingency planning efforts or during actual spills.

Response to Marine Oil Pollution

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401593019
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Response to Marine Oil Pollution by : Douglas Cormack

Download or read book Response to Marine Oil Pollution written by Douglas Cormack and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Response to Marine Oil Pollution - Review and Assessment is the essential source book, now updated, for all involved in marine oil pollution consequences and response. It covers policy, planning and operations, and provides technical assessment of the true nature of the problem, of the means to maximise the performance of current techniques and equipment, and of the bases for future improvements. This book provides a fundamental understanding of the oil properties and processes which determine the persistence and impacts of oils in the marine environment. It establishes parameters against which to evaluate performance of all current techniques and equipment, and the environmental impacts of their use. It identifies design parameters, and makes proposals for the creation and development of more effective equipment and techniques. The book also shows how a fresh approach to cargo transfer, and the scaling of spillage response provision to oil releases on immediate impact, will be more effective overall, and will ensure that approved waste handling and disposal facilities are not overwhelmed. The recent Sea Empress incident is reviewed to illustrate the points made and conclusions reached, and to emphasise the need for thorough salvage planning for all future incidents.

Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook

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Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN 13 : 1486306365
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook by : Sharon Hook

Download or read book Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook written by Sharon Hook and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil spills can be difficult to manage, with reporting frequently delayed. Too often, by the time responders arrive at the scene, the slick has moved, dissolved, dispersed or sunk. This Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook provides practical advice on what information is likely required following the accidental release of oil or other petroleum-based products into the marine environment. The book focuses on response phase monitoring for maritime spills, otherwise known as Type I or operational monitoring. Response phase monitoring tries to address the questions – what? where? when? how? how much? – that assist responders to find, track, predict and clean up spills, and to assess their efforts. Oil spills often occur in remote, sensitive and logistically difficult locations, often in adverse weather, and the oil can change character and location over time. An effective response requires robust information provided by monitoring, observation, sampling and science. The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook completely updates the Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s 2003 edition of the same name, taking into account the latest scientific advances in physical, chemical and biological monitoring, many of which have evolved as a consequence of major oil spill disasters in the last decade. It includes sections on the chemical properties of oil, the toxicological impacts of oil exposure, and the impacts of oil exposure on different marine habitats with relevance to Australia and elsewhere. An overview is provided on how monitoring integrates with the oil spill response process, the response organisation, the use of decision-support tools such as net environmental benefit analysis, and some of the most commonly used response technologies. Throughout the text, examples are given of lessons learned from previous oil spill incidents and responses, both local and international. General guidance of spill monitoring approaches and technologies is augmented with in-depth discussion on both response phase and post-response phase monitoring design and delivery. Finally, a set of appendices delivers detailed standard operating procedures for practical observation, sample and data collection. The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook is essential reading for scientists within the oil industry and environmental and government agencies; individuals with responder roles in industry and government; environmental and ecological monitoring agencies and consultants; and members of the maritime sector in Australia and abroad, including officers in ports, shipping and terminals.

Performance and Power

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Publisher : Polity
ISBN 13 : 0745648177
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance and Power by : Jeffrey C. Alexander

Download or read book Performance and Power written by Jeffrey C. Alexander and published by Polity. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander develops a cultural pragmatics that shifts cultural sociology from texts to gestural meanings.

Deluge of Oil Highlights Research and Technology Needs for Effective Cleanup of Oil Spills

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Deluge of Oil Highlights Research and Technology Needs for Effective Cleanup of Oil Spills by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment

Download or read book Deluge of Oil Highlights Research and Technology Needs for Effective Cleanup of Oil Spills written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Myths and Realities of Oil Spill Planning and Response

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Myths and Realities of Oil Spill Planning and Response by :

Download or read book Myths and Realities of Oil Spill Planning and Response written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Over the past 20 years, governments and industry have expended considerable effort to improve spill preparedness and response. This paper reviews where improvements have occurred, which elements have been most or least effective, and where future investment should concentrate. There are a wide variety of approaches to spill response. There is no universal solution to an oil spill, and all available strategies may be required. Despite its proven effectiveness, dispersant use often is discouraged, possibly because of a persistent myth that it wilil cause lasting environmental damage. Responders, therefore, often are denied use of what could be the most effective tool in the right circumstances. Other myths persist-for example, the purchase of more equipment is the solution. The reality is that, without proper planning and support, additional equipment solves nothing. Future efforts must concentrate on strengthening spill infrastructure. Another myth is that mobilising every available resource leads to better response. The reality is that, by selecting appropriate techniques and resources, together with strict cost control, successful response can be conducted at a sensible cost. Politicians, the media, environmental interest groups, and the public must be educated that, despite response improvements, oil almost always will come ashore. In most cases, however, the environment will not be permanently damaged. Unless public expectations can be reduced to accept this, investment wil never be perceived as a success. It is concluded that, in some places, response capabilities have improved. Unfortunately, in many other places, they have not: too many myths remain, and too few realities are understood"--Abstract

The Oil Spill Recovery Institute

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309182409
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oil Spill Recovery Institute by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Oil Spill Recovery Institute written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-17 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in Prince William Sound, Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), and within that legislation, the Oil Spill Recovery Institute (OSRI) was born. This report assesses the strength and weaknesses of this research program, with emphasis on whether the activities supported to date address the OSRI mission, whether the processes used are sound, and whether the research and technology development projects are of high quality

Report summaries

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1584 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Report summaries by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency

Download or read book Report summaries written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bioremediation for Marine Oil Spills

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Publisher : Office of Technology Assessment
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioremediation for Marine Oil Spills by :

Download or read book Bioremediation for Marine Oil Spills written by and published by Office of Technology Assessment. This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: