Iraqi Kurdish Independence Referendum

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Iraqi Kurdistan's Independence Referendum

Author : Eric Pichon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Iraqi Kurdistan's Independence Referendum by : Eric Pichon

Download or read book Iraqi Kurdistan's Independence Referendum written by Eric Pichon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 25 September 2017, the government of the autonomous Region of Kurdistan in Iraq, under its president, Masoud Barzani, organised a referendum on independence, disregarding calls by the Iraqi central government and the international community to postpone it. The referendum was held in the Kurdistan Region's constituencies and also in the neighbouring 'disputed' territories, in particular the oil-rich area of Kirkuk, which have de facto if not legally been governed by the Kurdish authorities since the moment they were recaptured from ISIL/Da'esh. Even though the 'yes' side has won, it is by no means certain that a Kurdish state will emerge in the near future. Such a state would be weakened by internal divisions and poor economic conditions. In addition, Syria, Turkey and Iran strongly condemned the referendum and have taken retaliatory action. Among other considerations, they are worried that an independent Kurdish state would encourage their own Kurdish populations to seek greater autonomy. However, the prospect of a Greater Kurdistan is remote, since the regional Kurdish landscape is dominated by the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party) and its affiliate parties, which do not share the Iraqi Kurdish leaders' ideology or strategic alliances. Concerned by the fragmentation of the Middle East, the EU, the USA, Russia, and most of the region's powers other than Israel, disapproved of the referendum, which took place in the context of the ongoing fight against ISIL/Da'esh, and called for negotiations within the existing Iraqi borders. This briefing updates Regional implications of Iraqi Kurdistan's quest for independence, EPRS, December 2016.

Iraqi Kurdish Independence Referendum

Author : Galip Dalay
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Iraqi Kurdish Independence Referendum by : Galip Dalay

Download or read book Iraqi Kurdish Independence Referendum written by Galip Dalay and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iraq’s previous status quo was unstable and untenable. Nonetheless, a new solution does not necessarily have to be premised on either Baghdad or Erbil’s publicly declared position. At this juncture, two positions may reverse the state of deepening uncertainty: Either a better defined and implemented federal structure with some international and regional guarantees; Or a confederal arrangement as a more plausible modus operandi for resolving the dispute than a new independent state. If this new arrangement is to work, Iraq then needs to transition from its current highly sectarianising political-security structure to become a (functioning federal or confederal) state of its citizens and constituent components. The Kurds will be better served by remaining part of a functioning federal or confederal Iraq. If, on the other hand, this arrangement fails once again, then the Kurds will still be on their evolutionary path towards statehood with more international and probably regional sympathy and support. This is the position that this paper shall attempt to elaborate below.

Age of Secession

Author : Ryan D. Griffiths
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107161622
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Age of Secession by : Ryan D. Griffiths

Download or read book Age of Secession written by Ryan D. Griffiths and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel analysis of secessionist movements, explaining state response, the likelihood of conflict, and the proliferation of states since 1945.

Iraqi Kurdistan’s Statehood Aspirations

Author : Anwar Anaid
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9783319934198
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Iraqi Kurdistan’s Statehood Aspirations by : Anwar Anaid

Download or read book Iraqi Kurdistan’s Statehood Aspirations written by Anwar Anaid and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume addresses the issues of Iraqi Kurdistan’s political economy with historically grounded, theoretically informed, and conceptually relevant scholarship that prioritizes comparative politics over international relations. The book seeks to explore the dynamics of Iraqi Kurdistan at the stage of referendum for independence from a political economy perspective within its own debates, conflicts, and interests. Overall, the authors contribute to these debates by exploring key questions in novel ways, focusing on comparative methodology that serve to expand the scope of scientific inquiry and place it into more solid understanding.

The Kurdish Referendum: Between Survival and Independence

Author : King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies
Publisher : King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies (KFCRIS)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Kurdish Referendum: Between Survival and Independence by : King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies

Download or read book The Kurdish Referendum: Between Survival and Independence written by King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies and published by King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies (KFCRIS). This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kurdish referendum has been perceived by the neighboring countries as a threat to their national security, territorial integrity, and, of course, their regional policies. The international community has also ignored the right to self-determination practiced by the Kurds. This paper seeks to identify options open to the Kurds in the aftermath of the referendum. Whether or not successful, the Kurdish referendum is one of the only referendums exercised in the region since the establishment of the nation-state in the Middle East. Consequently, the referendum will have a significant impact on the ethnic politics of region for years to come. The paper, thus, explores the impact and implications of the referendum on the region’s ethnic politics and security.

The Kurds before a Regional Transformation

Author : Ferhad Ibrahim Seyder
Publisher : LIT Verlag Münster
ISBN 13 : 3643910371
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (439 download)

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Book Synopsis The Kurds before a Regional Transformation by : Ferhad Ibrahim Seyder

Download or read book The Kurds before a Regional Transformation written by Ferhad Ibrahim Seyder and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kurdish independence movement is in retreat. Contributing factors for this withdrawal are the new outbreak of the Kurdish war in Turkey, the structural weakening of the autonomous region "Rojava" in Syria, proclaimed by the DUP, and the setbacks in Iraqi Kurdistan, caused by political and economic blockades. The Kurdish autonomy projects will be reduced to a minimum. The independence referendum in Iraq and the Iraqi and Shiite militias' military response are indicative of the reluctance of the Middle-Eastern ruling forces to accept political and ethnical pluralism. External actors as the USA, the EU and the UN, support the return of the "strong" state in order to support regional stability. Kurdish elites and their political organisations are facing a crisis of their own. The Kurdistan Workers' Party propagates postmodern concepts of a post-nation state in a region requiring stable political structures more than ever before. In Iraqi Kurdistan ongoing internal fighting between the main actors sets back Nation and State building processes by decades. All these factors are part of a phase of transition aiming at a new regional order, whose outlines can't be anticipated yet.

The Great Betrayal

Author : David L. Phillips
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786725762
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Betrayal by : David L. Phillips

Download or read book The Great Betrayal written by David L. Phillips and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twentieth century saw dramatic changes in the once Kurd-dominated Kirkuk region of Iraq. Despite having repeatedly relied on the Kurdish population of Iraq for military support, on three occasions the United States have abandoned their supposed allies in Kirkuk. The Great Betrayal provides a political and diplomatic history of the Kirkuk region and its international relations from the 1920s to the present day. Based on first-hand interviews and previously unseen sources, it provides an accessible account of a region at the very heart of America's foreign policy priorities in the Middle East. In September 2017, Iraqi Kurdistan held an independence referendum, intended to be a starting point on negotiations with the Iraqi Government in Baghdad on the terms of a friendly divorce. Though the US, Turkey, and Iran opposed it, the referendum passed with 93% of the vote. Rather than negotiate, Iraq's Prime Minister Heider al-Abadi issued an ultimatum and then attacked the region. Iraq's Kurdish population have been abandoned, once again, by their supposed allies in the US. In this book, David L. Phillips reveals the failings of America's policies towards Kirkuk and the devastating effects of betraying an ally.

Blind Spot

Author : Khaled Elgindy
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815731566
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Blind Spot by : Khaled Elgindy

Download or read book Blind Spot written by Khaled Elgindy and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical examination of the history of US-Palestinian relations The United States has invested billions of dollars and countless diplomatic hours in the pursuit of Israeli-Palestinian peace and a two-state solution. Yet American attempts to broker an end to the conflict have repeatedly come up short. At the center of these failures lay two critical factors: Israeli power and Palestinian politics. While both Israelis and Palestinians undoubtedly share much of the blame, one also cannot escape the role of the United States, as the sole mediator in the process, in these repeated failures. American peacemaking efforts ultimately ran aground as a result of Washington’s unwillingness to confront Israel’s ever-deepening occupation or to come to grips with the realities of internal Palestinian politics. In particular, the book looks at the interplay between the U.S.-led peace process and internal Palestinian politics—namely, how a badly flawed peace process helped to weaken Palestinian leaders and institutions and how an increasingly dysfunctional Palestinian leadership, in turn, hindered prospects for a diplomatic resolution. Thus, while the peace process was not necessarily doomed to fail, Washington’s management of the process, with its built-in blind spot to Israeli power and Palestinian politics, made failure far more likely than a negotiated breakthrough. Shaped by the pressures of American domestic politics and the special relationship with Israel, Washington’s distinctive “blind spot” to Israeli power and Palestinian politics has deep historical roots, dating back to the 1917 Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate. The size of the blind spot has varied over the years and from one administration to another, but it is always present.

After Iraqi Kurdistan's Thwarted Independence Bid

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis After Iraqi Kurdistan's Thwarted Independence Bid by :

Download or read book After Iraqi Kurdistan's Thwarted Independence Bid written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Backlash to the 2017 independence referendum bolstered family rule within Iraq’s two main Kurdish parties. Internal democracy has eroded; ties between the parties have frayed. Only strong institutions in Erbil and renewed inter-party cooperation can help Iraqi Kurdistan to reach a sustainable settlement with Baghdad on outstanding issues.

Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts

Author : Bahar Baser
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317151291
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts by : Bahar Baser

Download or read book Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts written by Bahar Baser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As violent conflicts become increasingly intra-state rather than inter-state, international migration has rendered them increasingly transnational, as protagonists from each side find themselves in new countries of residence. In spite of leaving their homeland, the grievances and grudges that existed between them are not forgotten and can be passed to the next generation. This book explores the extension of homeland conflicts into transnational space amongst diaspora groups, with particular attention to the interactions between second-generation migrants. Comparative in approach, Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts focuses on the tensions that exist between Kurdish and Turkish populations in Sweden and Germany, examining the effects of hostland policies and politics on the construction, shaping or elimination of homeland conflicts. Drawing on extensive interview material with members of diasporic communities, this book sheds fresh light on the influences exercised on conflict dynamics by state policies on migrant incorporation and multiculturalism, as well as structures of migrant organizations. As such, it will be of interest to scholars of sociology, political science and international studies with interests in migration and diaspora, integration and transnational conflict.

The Kurdish Liberation Movement in Iraq

Author : Yaniv Voller
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113459089X
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis The Kurdish Liberation Movement in Iraq by : Yaniv Voller

Download or read book The Kurdish Liberation Movement in Iraq written by Yaniv Voller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigating the transformation of the Kurdish liberation movement in Iraq this book explores its development from an armed guerrilla movement, engaged in a war for liberation with the government in Baghdad, into the government of a de facto Kurdish state known as the Kurdistan Regional Government. The book seeks to better explain the nature and evolution of the Kurdish liberation struggle in Iraq, which has had important implications over regional geopolitics. Despite attracting growing international attention, the struggle remains understudied. By applying the theoretical framework of de facto statehood to the post-1991 Kurdish liberation movement, the book offers a new approach to understanding the struggle, with a thorough empirical investigation informed by International Relations theory. Identifying international legitimacy, interaction and identity as significant themes in the politics of de facto states and important variables shaping the evolution and policies of these actors, at both the domestic and international levels, this book will be of interest to students and researchers of International Relations, Middle East Politics and Political Science.

Regional Implications of an Independent Kurdistan

Author : Alireza Nader
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780833095695
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (956 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Implications of an Independent Kurdistan by : Alireza Nader

Download or read book Regional Implications of an Independent Kurdistan written by Alireza Nader and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the potential regional implications of an independent Kurdistan in northern Iraq.

Kurdish Awakening

Author : Ofra Bengio
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292758138
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Kurdish Awakening by : Ofra Bengio

Download or read book Kurdish Awakening written by Ofra Bengio and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-11-15 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurdish Awakening examines key questions related to Kurdish nationalism and identity formation in Syria, Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. The world's largest stateless ethnic group, Kurds have steadily grown in importance as a political power in the Middle East, particularly in light of the "Arab Spring." As a result, Kurdish issues—political, cultural, and historical alike—have emerged as the subject of intense scholarly interest. This book provides fresh ways of understanding the historical and sociopolitical underpinnings of the ongoing Kurdish awakening and its already significant impact on the region. Rather than focusing on one state or angle, this anthology fills a gap in the literature on the Kurds by providing a panoramic view of the Kurdish homeland's various parts. The volume focuses on aspects of Kurdish nationalism and identity formation not addressed elsewhere, including perspectives on literature, gender, and constitution making. Further, broad thematic essays include a discussion of the historical experiences of the Kurds from the time of their Islamization more than a millennium ago up until the modern era, a comparison of the Kurdish experience with other ethno-national movements, and a treatment of the role of tribalism in modern nation building. This collection is unique in its use of original sources in various languages. The result is an analytically rich portrayal that sheds light on the Kurds' prospects and the challenges they confront in a region undergoing sweeping upheavals.

Context and Scenarios after the Referendum on Iraqi Kurdistan’s Independence

Author : Patrycja Sasnal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Context and Scenarios after the Referendum on Iraqi Kurdistan’s Independence by : Patrycja Sasnal

Download or read book Context and Scenarios after the Referendum on Iraqi Kurdistan’s Independence written by Patrycja Sasnal and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Kings and Presidents

Author : Bruce Riedel
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815737165
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Kings and Presidents by : Bruce Riedel

Download or read book Kings and Presidents written by Bruce Riedel and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insider's account of the often-fraught U.S.-Saudi relationship Saudi Arabia and the United States have been partners since 1943, when President Roosevelt met with two future Saudi monarchs. Subsequent U.S. presidents have had direct relationships with those kings and their successors—setting the tone for a special partnership between an absolute monarchy with a unique Islamic identity and the world's most powerful democracy. Although based in large part on economic interests, the U.S.-Saudi relationship has rarely been smooth. Differences over Israel have caused friction since the early days, and ambiguities about Saudi involvement—or lack of it—in the September 11 terrorist attacks against the United States continue to haunt the relationship. Now, both countries have new, still-to be-tested leaders in President Trump and King Salman. Bruce Riedel for decades has followed these kings and presidents during his career at the CIA, the White House, and Brookings. This book offers an insider's account of the U.S.-Saudi relationship, with unique insights. Using declassified documents, memoirs by both Saudis and Americans, and eyewitness accounts, this book takes the reader inside the royal palaces, the holy cities, and the White House to gain an understanding of this complex partnership.

Gendered Experiences of Genocide

Author : Choman Hardi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317129792
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Gendered Experiences of Genocide by : Choman Hardi

Download or read book Gendered Experiences of Genocide written by Choman Hardi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between February and September 1988, the Iraqi government destroyed over 2000 Kurdish villages, killing somewhere between 50,000 and 100,000 civilians and displacing many more. The operation was codenamed Anfal which literally means 'the spoils of war'. For the survivors of this campaign, Anfal did not end in September 1988: the aftermath of this catastrophe is as much a part of the Anfal story as the gas attacks, disappearances and life in the camps. This book examines Kurdish women's experience of violence, destruction, the disappearance of loved ones, and incarceration during the Anfal campaign. It explores the survival strategies of these women in the aftermath of genocide. By bringing together and highlighting women's own testimonies, Choman Hardi reconstructs the Anfal narrative in contrast to the current prevailng one which is highly politicised, simplified, and nationalistic. It also addresses women's silences about sexual abuse and rape in a patriarchal society which holds them responsible for having been a victim of sexual violence.

Kurdish referendum for independence collection

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Kurdish referendum for independence collection by :

Download or read book Kurdish referendum for independence collection written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of news and social media from the lead-up to the Referendum for Independence from the Iraqi state held in the Kurdish region of Iraq on September 25, 2017. The collection captures the websites of news outlets in the Kurdish region of Iraq representing the various political parties and social media account of individuals prominent in discussions of the referendum.