Investor Protection In Times Of The Mifid Ii Package

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The MiFID II Framework

Author : Mario Comana
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030125041
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The MiFID II Framework by : Mario Comana

Download or read book The MiFID II Framework written by Mario Comana and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed analysis of the main innovations and impacts associated with the package of European legislation comprising MiFID II and MiFIR, which constitutes a pillar of the EU’s “single rulebook” for financial regulation. Adopting a research-oriented approach, the authors also consider the practical consequences of the new legislation, to provide a clear description of the new rules and the ways in which they address concerns raised by the financial crisis, as well as an appraisal of the theoretical implications from an EU-wide perspective. The book also presents a comparative analysis of how the package is being implemented within the larger countries of the Eurozone and the United Kingdom, and evaluates the likely consequences for banks’ business models. This research book is a valuable resource for graduate and master’s level students as well as professionals and practitioners interested in understanding the European financial law and, in particular, the dynamics of the investment industry.

Stricto Sensu Investor Protection under MiFID II

Author : Christos Gortsos
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527515680
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Stricto Sensu Investor Protection under MiFID II by : Christos Gortsos

Download or read book Stricto Sensu Investor Protection under MiFID II written by Christos Gortsos and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyses Articles 24-30 of Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 “on markets in financial instruments” (MiFID II), which govern, as of January 2018, the most important aspects of investor protection of clients to whom credit institutions and investment firms provide investment services. These Articles contain code-of-conduct and product governance rules, which constitute cornerstones of contemporary EU capital markets law as shaped to address the weaknesses revealed in capital markets’ micro-prudential regulation and supervision after the recent international financial crisis of 2007-2009. The book concisely identifies the elements of continuity and change in relation to the repealed Directive 2004/39/EC (MiFID I), while also presenting the detailed delegated acts of the European Commission and Guidelines of the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), which were adopted on the basis of Articles 24-30 MiFID II.

EU Investor Protection Regulation and Liability for Investment Losses

Author : Marnix Wallinga
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030540036
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis EU Investor Protection Regulation and Liability for Investment Losses by : Marnix Wallinga

Download or read book EU Investor Protection Regulation and Liability for Investment Losses written by Marnix Wallinga and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relationship between the EU investor protection regulations enshrined in MiFID and MiFID II and national contract and torts law. It describes how the effect of the conduct of business rules as implemented in national financial supervision legislation in private law extends to the issue of enforcement, and critically assesses this interaction from the perspective of EU law. In particular, the conclusions identified in the book will deepen readers’ understanding of the interplay between the conduct of business rules and private law norms governing a firm’s liability to pay damages, such as duty of care, attributability of damage, causation, contributory negligence and limitation. In turn, the book identifies the subordination and the complementarity model to conceptualise the interaction between the conduct of business rules and private law norms. Moreover, the book challenges the view that civil courts are – or should be – forced to give private law effects to violation of the MiFID and MiFID II conduct of business rules in line with the subordination model. Instead, the complementarity model is advanced as the preferred approach to this interaction in view of what MiFID and MiFID II require from Member States in terms of their implementation, as well as the desirability of each model. This model presupposes that courts should consider the conduct of business rules when adjudicating individual disputes, while preserving the autonomy of private law norms governing liability of investment firms towards clients. Based on analysis of case law of courts in Germany, the Netherlands and England & Wales, as well as scholarly literature, the book also compares the available causes of action, the conditions of liability and the obstacles investors face when claiming damages, as well as how and the extent to which investors can benefit from the conduct of business rules in clearing these obstacles. In so doing, under the approach adopted by national courts to the interplay between the conduct of business rules of EU origin and private law, the book shows how investors can benefit from the influence of these rules on private law norms. In closing, it demonstrates a hybridisation of private law remedies resulting from the accommodation of the conduct of business rules into the private law discourse according to the complementarity model, illustrating how judicial enforcement through private law means may contribute to investor protection.

Regulation of the EU Financial Markets

Author : Danny Busch
Publisher : Oxford Eu Financial Regulation
ISBN 13 : 9780198767671
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (676 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of the EU Financial Markets by : Danny Busch

Download or read book Regulation of the EU Financial Markets written by Danny Busch and published by Oxford Eu Financial Regulation. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PART I: GENERAL ASPECTS 1: Introduction, Danny Busch and Guido Ferrarini PART II: INVESTMENT FIRMS AND INVESTMENT SERVICES 2: The Scope of MiFID II, Kitty Lieverse 3: Governance of Investment Firms under MiFID II, Jens-Hinrich Binder 4: The Overarching Duty to Act in the Best Interest of the Client in MiFID II, Luca Enriques and Matteo Gargantini 5: Product Governance and Product Intervention, Danny Busch 6: Independent Financial Advice, Paolo Giudici 7: Conflicts of Interest, Stefan Grundmann and Philipp Hacker 8: Inducements, Larissa Silverentand, Jasha Sprecher, and Lisette Simons 9: Agency and Principal Dealing Under MiFID, Danny Busch 10: MiFID II/MiFIR's Regime for Third-Country Firms, Danny Busch & Marije Louisse PART III: TRADING 11: TGovernance and Organization of Trading Venues: The Role of Financial Market Infrastructures Groups, Guido Ferrarini & Paolo Saguato 12: EU Financial Governance and Transparency Regulation: A Test for the Effectiveness of Post-Crisis Administrative Governance, Niamh Moloney 13: SME Growth Markets, Carmine di Noia & Rudiger Veil 14: Dark Trading Under MiFID II, Peter Gomber & Ilya Gvozdevskiy 15: Derivatives: Trading, Clearing, STP, Indirect Clearing, and Portfolio Compression, Rezah Stegeman & Aron Berket 16: Commodity Derivatives, Antonella Sciarrone Alibrandi & Edoardo Grossule 17: Algorithmic Trading and High Frequency Trading, Pierre-Henri Conac 18: An American perspective, Merritt Fox PART IV: SUPERVISION AND ENFORCEMENT 19: Public Enforcement of MiFID II, Christos Gortsos 20: The Private Law Effect of MiFID: the Genil Case and Beyond, Danny Busch PART V: THE BROADER VIEW AND THE FUTURE OF MIFID 21: MiFID II: Picking up the Crumbs of a Piecemeal Approach, Veerle Colaert 22: Shadow Banking and the Functioning of Financial Markets, Eddy Wymeersch 23: Investment-based Crowdfunding: Is MiFID II enough?, Guido Ferrarini & Eugenia Macchiavello.

EU Investor Protection Regulation and Liability for Investment Losses

Author : Marnix Wallinga
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030540014
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis EU Investor Protection Regulation and Liability for Investment Losses by : Marnix Wallinga

Download or read book EU Investor Protection Regulation and Liability for Investment Losses written by Marnix Wallinga and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relationship between the EU investor protection regulations enshrined in MiFID and MiFID II and national contract and torts law. It describes how the effect of the conduct of business rules as implemented in national financial supervision legislation in private law extends to the issue of enforcement, and critically assesses this interaction from the perspective of EU law. In particular, the conclusions identified in the book will deepen readers’ understanding of the interplay between the conduct of business rules and private law norms governing a firm’s liability to pay damages, such as duty of care, attributability of damage, causation, contributory negligence and limitation. In turn, the book identifies the subordination and the complementarity model to conceptualise the interaction between the conduct of business rules and private law norms. Moreover, the book challenges the view that civil courts are – or should be – forced to give private law effects to violation of the MiFID and MiFID II conduct of business rules in line with the subordination model. Instead, the complementarity model is advanced as the preferred approach to this interaction in view of what MiFID and MiFID II require from Member States in terms of their implementation, as well as the desirability of each model. This model presupposes that courts should consider the conduct of business rules when adjudicating individual disputes, while preserving the autonomy of private law norms governing liability of investment firms towards clients. Based on analysis of case law of courts in Germany, the Netherlands and England & Wales, as well as scholarly literature, the book also compares the available causes of action, the conditions of liability and the obstacles investors face when claiming damages, as well as how and the extent to which investors can benefit from the conduct of business rules in clearing these obstacles. In so doing, under the approach adopted by national courts to the interplay between the conduct of business rules of EU origin and private law, the book shows how investors can benefit from the influence of these rules on private law norms. In closing, it demonstrates a hybridisation of private law remedies resulting from the accommodation of the conduct of business rules into the private law discourse according to the complementarity model, illustrating how judicial enforcement through private law means may contribute to investor protection.

EU Securities and Financial Markets Regulation

Author : Niamh Moloney
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192583417
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis EU Securities and Financial Markets Regulation by : Niamh Moloney

Download or read book EU Securities and Financial Markets Regulation written by Niamh Moloney and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-29 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the decade or so since the global financial crisis rocked EU financial markets and led to wide-ranging reforms, EU securities and financial markets regulation has continued to evolve. The legislative framework has been refined and administrative rulemaking has expanded. Alongside, the Capital Markets Union agenda has developed, the UK has left the EU, and ESMA has emerged as a decisive influence on EU financial markets governance. All these developments, as well as the Covid-19 pandemic, have shaped the regulatory landscape and how supervision is organized. EU Securities and Financial Markets Regulation provides a comprehensive, critical, and contextual account of the intricate rulebook that governs EU financial markets and its supporting institutional arrangements. It is framed by an assessment of how the regime has evolved over the decade or so since the global financial crisis and considers, among other matters, the post-crisis reforms to key legislative measures, the massive expansion of administrative rulemaking and of soft law, the Capital Markets Union agenda, the development of supervisory convergence as the means for organizing pan-EU supervision, and ESMA's role in EU financial markets governance. Its coverage extends from capital-raising and the Prospectus Regulation to financial market intermediation and the MiFID II/MiFIR and IFD/IFR regimes, to the new regulatory regimes adopted since the global financial crisis (including for benchmarks and their administrators), to retail market regulation and the PRIIPs Regulation, and on to the EU's third country regime and the implications of the UK's departure from the EU. This is the fourth edition of the highly successful and authoritative monograph first published as EC Securities Regulation. Heavily revised from the third edition to reflect developments since the global financial crisis, it adopts the in-depth contextual and analytical approach of earlier editions and so considers the market, political, institutional, and international context of the regulatory and supervisory regime.

The EU Crowdfunding Regulation

Author : Pietro Ortolani
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192856391
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis The EU Crowdfunding Regulation by : Pietro Ortolani

Download or read book The EU Crowdfunding Regulation written by Pietro Ortolani and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an in-depth and timely analysis of the EU Crowdfunding Regulation. Striking a balance between academic scrutiny and practical context, and drawing upon various aspects of financial law, consumer law, and dispute resolution, it is invaluable for practitioners and academics seeking to understand an innovative alternative mode of funding.

Retail Depositor and Retail Investor Protection under EU Law

Author : Constantinos Tokatlides
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317224205
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Retail Depositor and Retail Investor Protection under EU Law by : Constantinos Tokatlides

Download or read book Retail Depositor and Retail Investor Protection under EU Law written by Constantinos Tokatlides and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retail Depositor and Retail Investor Protection under EU Law offers an original perspective on EU financial law in the area of retail investor protection, examining the status of protection awarded by EU law to retail depositors and retail investors in the event of financial institution failure. The analysis of relevant EU law is on the basis of effectiveness and has been elaborated in two levels of comparison. The first comparative approach examines relevant EU law both externally and internally: externally, vis-à-vis relevant international initiatives and developments in the area of financial law, as the latter affect the features and evolution of EU law, and internally by examining relevant instruments of EU law with regard to each other as to their normative structure and content. The second comparative approach also examines the status of retail depositors in relation to that of retail investors under EU law, in the event of financial institution failure, and the relevant legal consequences thereof.

The Regulation of Hedge Funds

Author : Ana Maria Fagetan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030637069
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis The Regulation of Hedge Funds by : Ana Maria Fagetan

Download or read book The Regulation of Hedge Funds written by Ana Maria Fagetan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-28 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses elements of international finance, comparing the regulation of hedge funds in United States, Europe, the UK, and off-shore jurisdictions in the aftermath of the financial crisis. It critically compares the Dodd- Frank Act in US with the Alternative Investment Funds Managers Directive in Europe. Moreover, it goes further by analyzing the implementation of the AIFM Directive in seven jurisdictions in Europe famous for the incorporation of hedge funds: the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Ireland, Malta, Luxembourg, and Switzerland. The book also analyses the effect of Brexit on the legislation in the UK regarding the application of the directive and the distribution of financial products in Continental Europe, and will be of particular interest to researchers, academics, and students of international finance and financial regulation.

Reforming Corporate Retail Investor Protection

Author : Diane Bugeja
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509925872
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Corporate Retail Investor Protection by : Diane Bugeja

Download or read book Reforming Corporate Retail Investor Protection written by Diane Bugeja and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spate of mis-selling episodes that have plagued the financial services industries in recent years has caused widespread detriment to investors. Notwithstanding numerous regulatory interventions, curtailing the incidence of poor investment advice remains a challenge for regulators, particularly because these measures are taken in a 'fire-fighting' fashion without adequate consideration being given to the root causes of mis-selling. Against this backdrop, this book focuses on the sale of complex investment products to corporate retail investors by drawing upon the widespread mis-selling of interest rate hedging products (IRHP) in the UK and beyond. It brings to the fore the relatively understudied field concerning the different degrees of investor protection mechanisms applicable to individual retail investors – as opposed to corporate retail investors – by taking stock of past regulatory reforms and forthcoming regulatory initiatives as well as, more importantly, the conclusions reached by the judiciary in IRHP mis-selling claims. The conclusions are particularly interesting: corporate retail investors are in a vulnerable position when compared to individual retail investors. The former are exposed to a heightened risk of mis-selling, meaning that regulatory intervention should be targeted accordingly. The recommendations made as a result of these findings are further supported by insights emerging from behavioural law and economic theories. This book is aimed at researchers, lawyers and students with an interest in the financial regulation field who are keen to explore potential regulatory reforms to the investment services regime that address the root causes of mis-selling, and restore a level playing field amongst all retail investors.

Regulating Investor Protection under EU Law

Author : Antonio Marcacci
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319902970
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulating Investor Protection under EU Law by : Antonio Marcacci

Download or read book Regulating Investor Protection under EU Law written by Antonio Marcacci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the legal system for the protection of retail investors under the European Union law of investment services. It identifies the regulatory leitmotiv driving the EU lawmaker and ascertains whether and to what extent such a system is self-sufficient, using a set of EU-made and EU-enforced rules that is essentially different and autonomous from the domestic legal orders. In this regard, the book takes a double perspective: comparative and intra-firm. Given the federal dimension of the US legal system and, thus, the “role-model” it plays vis-à-vis the EU, the book compares the two systems. To fully highlight the existing gaps and measure how self-sufficient the EU system is against its American counterpart, the Union/Federal level as such is analyzed – i.e., detached from the national (in EU terms) and State (in US terms) level. Regulating Investor Protection under EU Law also showcases the unique intra-firm perspective from a European investment firm and analyzes how EU-produced public-law rules become a set of compliance requirements for investment services providers. This “within-the-firm” angle gauges the self-sufficiency of the EU system of retail investor protection from the standpoint of an EU-regulated entity. The book is intended for both compliance professionals and academic scholars interested in this topic while also including illustrative sections intended to provide a broader regulatory view for less-experienced readers.

Agency Law in Commercial Practice

Author : Danny Busch
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191058378
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Agency Law in Commercial Practice by : Danny Busch

Download or read book Agency Law in Commercial Practice written by Danny Busch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores a range of problems in the application of agency law in commercial practice. Moving beyond the limited introductory resources currently available, it "tests" abstract agency law concepts in specific commercial contexts, with reference to jurisdictions around the world. There is an enduring commonality of concepts and principles within agency law, both within the Commonwealth and within the jurisdictions of the United States. The book's comparative approach, drawing together analysis of national and international jurisdictions, provides innovative perspectives and insights, as well as practical guidance on solving commercial problems. The book opens with a detailed introductory chapter which provides a broad overview of the agency issues arising in specific commercial contexts. The subsequent chapters are grouped thematically: company law, financial transactions and services, sale of goods; as well as agency in procedural contexts. Topics covered include the role of the director and directorial board in company law and agency law, agency in shipping law, undisclosed principal in sale of goods cases, regulation of conflicts of interest in securities transactions, poseur-agents and transactional intermediation, the operation of agency in retail financial services, the agent's warranty of authority, and power of attorney. This book is an invaluable resource on both agency theory and commercial practice.

Investor Protection in Europe

Author : Guido Ferrarini
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9780199202911
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Investor Protection in Europe by : Guido Ferrarini

Download or read book Investor Protection in Europe written by Guido Ferrarini and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2006 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection examines investor protection in Europe, offering a broad and coherent examination of the effects of regulatory competition versus harmonisation. It covers both capital market and company law perspectives and explores clearing, settlement, prospectuses and transparency regulation.

The Cambridge Handbook of Investor Protection

Author : Arthur B. Laby
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108995926
Total Pages : 687 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Investor Protection by : Arthur B. Laby

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Investor Protection written by Arthur B. Laby and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of investor protection has occupied investors, businesses, regulators, academics, and courts since the 1930s. The topic exploded in importance after the 2008 financial crisis and the Bernard Madoff Ponzi scheme of the same year. Investor protection scholarship now seeks to respond to developments such as the institutionalization of the markets, the democratization of finance, and the enhanced role of market professionals and other gatekeepers. Additionally, although the philosophy of full disclosure remains the guiding principle behind the securities laws, recent research has questioned the merits of a disclosure-based regime. In light of these trends, regulators try to strike the right balance between imposing a strict investor protection regime, on the one hand, and giving businesses the freedom to innovate new projects, market new services, and reduce costs, on the other. The Cambridge Handbook of Investor Protection brings together leading scholars to inform this debate and fill a gap left by these developments.

A Bank's Duty of Care

Author : Danny Busch
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509912630
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis A Bank's Duty of Care by : Danny Busch

Download or read book A Bank's Duty of Care written by Danny Busch and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-24 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, an increasing number of clients and third parties have filed claims against banks such as for mis-selling financial products, poor financial advice, insufficient disclosure of and warning about financial risks. The scope of a bank's duty of care seems to expand, not only to include protection of consumers against unclear risks of complicated products but also protection of professional parties against more obvious risks of relatively straightforward products. This topic raises many questions, both at a theoretical and practical level. This book provides a rich source of information about how various jurisdictions (Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, England and Wales, Ireland, and the United States of America) deal with these questions and how answers are found or embedded in their national legal systems. The book also contains a detailed chapter on the MiFID I and II conduct-of-business provisions. Finally, the book provides a thorough comparative analysis and perspective.

Financial Advice and Investor Protection

Author : Booysen, Sandra
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800884621
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Financial Advice and Investor Protection by : Booysen, Sandra

Download or read book Financial Advice and Investor Protection written by Booysen, Sandra and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book offers a rigorous analysis of the legal debates, approaches and practice-related issues surrounding financial advice and investor protection. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of financial inclusion more broadly construed, recent financial crises have highlighted deficits in retail investor protection – this book informs the development of robust yet adaptable frameworks to protect investors, including effective enforcement and dispute resolution.

Investor Protection

Author : Hanneke Wegman
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041186115
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Investor Protection by : Hanneke Wegman

Download or read book Investor Protection written by Hanneke Wegman and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expansion of the fund industry has been one of the most notable trends in the financial markets of recent years. Not only has the demand for funds among EU investors grown, but both the number and types of investment funds also continue to increase. Since investment funds available in the EU can be established both inside and outside the EU, they may be subject to different investor protection regulations, depending on where the fund is located. Accordingly, different levels of investor protection may exist between investors investing in EU funds and investors investing in non-EU funds, including US funds. This book investigates whether there is a level playing field between EU investors investing in EU funds and EU investors investing in US funds and if not, if there is a legal basis in current EU law for the EU regulator to adopt additional investor protection rules applying to investment funds. The analysis considers the basic characteristics of investment funds, how they function in practice, and how they are regulated relating to investor protection issues. Factors examined in depth include the following: – features of funds most relevant to the protection of retail investors; – operational structure, investment strategies, fee structure, and legal structure of funds; – internal control systems; – transparency and disclosure rules; – conduct of business rules; and – depositary monitoring rules. The author examines relevant EU directives and rules and the particular remit of each, as well as US law applying to investment funds that are active in the EU. Case law and relevant literature in the field is also drawn on. As an assessment of the current degree of protection applying to funds that are available to EU retail investors – as well as an up-to-date overview of regulatory requirements and procedures concerning the protection of EU investors in investment funds – this book is unsurpassed. Especially valuable is the closing discussion about whether the EU regulatory system provides for a level playing field of protection for EU retail investors, and if not which additional rules can be adopted by the EU regulator in this area. Lawyers and other professionals in all areas of law and policy concerned with investment and finance will find this book of great value.