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Investigation On Drought Tolerance In Maize
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Book Synopsis Handbook of Maize: Its Biology by : Jeff L. Bennetzen
Download or read book Handbook of Maize: Its Biology written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-25 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Maize: Its Biology centers on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The book includes brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and features a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Book Synopsis Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) by : Muhammad Aslam
Download or read book Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) written by Muhammad Aslam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on early germination, one of maize germplasm most important strategies for adapting to drought-induced stress. Some genotypes have the ability to adapt by either reducing water losses or by increasing water uptake. Drought tolerance is also an adaptive strategy that enables crop plants to maintain their normal physiological processes and deliver higher economical yield despite drought stress. Several processes are involved in conferring drought tolerance in maize: the accumulation of osmolytes or antioxidants, plant growth regulators, stress proteins and water channel proteins, transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. Drought is one of the most detrimental forms of abiotic stress around the world and seriously limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Maize, one of the leading cereal crops in the world, is sensitive to drought stress. Maize harvests are affected by drought stress at different growth stages in different regions. Numerous events in the life of maize crops can be affected by drought stress: germination potential, seedling growth, seedling stand establishment, overall growth and development, pollen and silk development, anthesis silking interval, pollination, and embryo, endosperm and kernel development. Though every maize genotype has the ability to avoid or withstand drought stress, there is a concrete need to improve the level of adaptability to drought stress to address the global issue of food security. The most common biological strategies for improving drought stress resistance include screening available maize germplasm for drought tolerance, conventional breeding strategies, and marker-assisted and genomic-assisted breeding and development of transgenic maize. As a comprehensive understanding of the effects of drought stress, adaptive strategies and potential breeding tools is the prerequisite for any sound breeding plan, this brief addresses these aspects.
Book Synopsis Investigation on Drought Tolerance in Maize by : Babu P.
Download or read book Investigation on Drought Tolerance in Maize written by Babu P. and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation on Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea Mays L.) A Genetic and Biochemical Appraisal by : S. R. Pinnamaneni
Download or read book Investigation on Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea Mays L.) A Genetic and Biochemical Appraisal written by S. R. Pinnamaneni and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Breeding for drought and nitrogen stress tolerance in maize: From theory to practice by : M. Bänzinger
Download or read book Breeding for drought and nitrogen stress tolerance in maize: From theory to practice written by M. Bänzinger and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2000 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction - why breed for drought and low N tolerance?; Conceptual framework - breeding; Conventional approaches to improving the drought and low N tolerance of maize; Conventional approaches challenged; The challenge of breeding for drought and low N tolerance; Maize under drought and low N stress; Conceptual framework - physiology; Water and the maize plant; Nitrogen and the maize plant; Maize under drought and low N stress - consequences for breeding; Stress management; Drought; Low N stress; Statistical designs and layout of experiments; Increasing the number of replicates; Improved statistical designs; Field layout; Border effects from alleys; Secondary traits; Why use secondary traits?; How do we decide on the value of secondary traits in a drought or low N breeding program?; Secondary traits that help to identify drought tolerance; Secondary traits that help to identify low N tolerance: Selection indices - Combining information on secondary traits with grain yield; Combining information from various experiments; Breeding strategies; Choice of germplasm; Breeding schemes; Biotechnology: potential and constraints for improving drought and low N tolerance; The role of the farmer in selection; What is farmer participatory research and why is it important?; What is new about farmer participatory research?; Participatory methodologies.
Book Synopsis Water, Radiation, Salt, and Other Stresses by : J. Levitt
Download or read book Water, Radiation, Salt, and Other Stresses written by J. Levitt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Second Edition, Volume II: Water, Radiation, Salt, and Other Stresses focuses on the effects of stresses on plants. This book discusses how stresses produce their damaging effects and how living organisms defend themselves against stresses. Organized into six parts encompassing 12 chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the various responses of plants to the severities of all the other environmental stresses, with emphasis on the physical and biological stresses and strains. This text then describes water stress in plants, which arise either from an excessive or from an insufficient water activity in the plant's environment. Other chapters consider the resistance to drought stress of plants. This book discusses as well the effects of flooding, which replaces gaseous air by liquid water. The final chapter deals with the comparative stress responses of plants. This book is a valuable resource for plant biologists.
Book Synopsis Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses by : Jacob Levitt
Download or read book Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses written by Jacob Levitt and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Developing Drought and Low N-tolerant Maize by : G. O. Edmeades
Download or read book Developing Drought and Low N-tolerant Maize written by G. O. Edmeades and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1996 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incidence and intensity of drought and low N stresss in the tropics; Case studies strategies for crop production under drought and low n stresses in the tropics; Stress physology and identification of secondary traits; Physiology of low nitrogen stress; Breeding for tolerance to drought and low n stresses; General breeding strategies for stress tolerance; Progress in breeding drought tolerance; Progress in breeding low nitrogen tolerance; Experimental design and software.
Book Synopsis Molecular Approaches for the Genetic Improvement of Cereals for Stable Production in Water-limited Environments by : Jean-Marcel Ribaut
Download or read book Molecular Approaches for the Genetic Improvement of Cereals for Stable Production in Water-limited Environments written by Jean-Marcel Ribaut and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2000 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drought Tolerance Traits in Maize (Zea Mays) at the Early Vegetative Growth Stage by : Abdalla I. Ibrahim
Download or read book Drought Tolerance Traits in Maize (Zea Mays) at the Early Vegetative Growth Stage written by Abdalla I. Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early seedling vigor and juvenile vegetative growth are important traits that allow the strong establishment of plants and access to nutrients and water, providing competition against weeds, and allowing mechanical cultivation in production systems that do not use herbicides. Drought stress at this early growth stage may be lethal or damaging. We used to the plant Digital Biomass as predicted from digital images to track plant growth under both well-watered and water-stressed conditions. To achieve these goals, we developed a manual imaging system that allowed us to track the plant growth over a period of 32 days. We imaged 30,36 plants representing 449 inbred lines daily from 13 to 32 days after planting with both a top and a side image. The drought treatment started 23 days after planting by completely withholding water from the water-stress treatment. Using Integrated Analysis Platform (IAP) software, we extracted 137 traits from the images including plant architectural traits and color traits. Phenotypic analysis of several traits showed variability across inbreds. Digital Biomass, for example, showed a great variability across inbreds with a 6.6-fold difference at the beginning of the experiment. Digital Biomass, estimated from the top and side images, was shown to be a good measure of plant vigor and strongly correlated with plant shoot weight at harvest. Vigorous seedling utilized more water, reflecting their ability to take advantage of available resources. The value of image-based traits of young plants was evaluated as a predictive tool for adult phenotypes grown in the field. Weak to moderate correlations were obtained between Digital Biomass at the seedling stage, with r-squared values of -0.35, -0.31 for GDD to Anthesis, and GDD to Silking respectively. The correlation between early maize growth and flowering time may suggest a common genetic control of growth and development of both stages with some possible genes with pleiotropic effects. To identify genomic regions associated with the several phenotypic traits, we utilized a dataset of 436,576 SNP markers to conduct Genome-wide Association (GWAS) using the GAPIT package in R. Several candidate genes were identified for growth rate and total leaf area at specific growth stages, as well as for other correlated traits. GWAS of image-derived plant color traits detected genes associated with plant pigments such as anthocyanin and chlorophyll, which confirms earlier reports on the utility of plant imaging in identifying plant pigments. We wanted to test whether growth, as measured by Digital Biomass, was controlled by a fixed or a dynamic set of genes, so we carried out GWAS analysis of Digital Biomass for each day as a separate phenotype. Results have shown that variation for early vegetative growth in maize is controlled by a dynamic set of genes over time, highlighting the importance of repeated measurement over time in GWAS and QTL studies designed to characterize the genetic architecture of plant development. The analysis of the drought-stressed plants showed variability in different drought tolerance traits ranging from 1.2 to 12.2-fold difference. The several measured traits included traits such as 1) leaf expansion sensitivity to water content and traits related to the ability to recover after drought such as 2) surviving green tissue after drought stress, 3) water use efficiency, and 4) growth rate after recovery with. No or weak correlations were found between the plant's ability to tolerate drought and its ability to recover. Photosynthesis Efficiency measured as Fv/Fm on a subset of 140 plants at three time-points during drought stress, showed that photosynthetic efficiency is less sensitive to drought stress than leaf growth. The candidate genes identified in this study, as well as correlations with field agronomic traits, may provide an insight that helps future understanding of the genetic control of biomass-related traits under both well-watered and drought stress conditions.
Book Synopsis Breeding Studied on Drought Tolerance in Maize by : Maamoun Adel-Moneam
Download or read book Breeding Studied on Drought Tolerance in Maize written by Maamoun Adel-Moneam and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this investigation were to test the genotypic differences in drought tolerance, estimate the heritability, and to evaluate the role of gca and sca of inbreds in hybrid under water stress. The main results were:1-Hybrids G507AxG278, L81BxG278 and G507AxL 81B were high tolerance to drought.2-Correlation between grain yield and yield components were higher under stress than non-drought in most cases. 3-All studied yield and yield components showed high broad- sense heritability estimates under stress and non-stress treatments in both seasons.4- The expected gain from direct selection for grain yield under stressed or non-stressed environments would improve the trait under consideration in a way better than the indirect selection for any other traits. 5-Inbreds L 81B, G 278 and G 507A showed positive and significant GCA effects for grain and ear yield and most of yield components traits under stress or non-stress treatments
Book Synopsis Risk Analysis in Theory and Practice by : Jean-Paul Chavas
Download or read book Risk Analysis in Theory and Practice written by Jean-Paul Chavas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of Risk Analysis in Theory and Practice is to present this analytical framework and to illustrate how it can be used in the investigation of economic decisions under risk. In a sense, the economics of risk is a difficult subject: it involves understanding human decisions in the absence of perfect information. How do we make decisions when we do not know some of events affecting us? The complexities of our uncertain world and of how humans obtain and process information make this difficult. In spite of these difficulties, much progress has been made. First, probability theory is the corner stone of risk assessment. This allows us to measure risk in a fashion that can be communicated among decision makers or researchers. Second, risk preferences are now better understood. This provides useful insights into the economic rationality of decision making under uncertainty. Third, over the last decades, good insights have been developed about the value of information. This helps better understand the role of information in human decision making and this book provides a systematic treatment of these issues in the context of both private and public decisions under uncertainty. Balanced treatment of conceptual models and applied analysis Considers both private and public decisions under uncertainty Website presents application exercises in Excel
Book Synopsis Drought phenotyping in crops: From theory to practice by : Philippe Monneveux
Download or read book Drought phenotyping in crops: From theory to practice written by Philippe Monneveux and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topic is a unique attempt to simultaneously tackle theoretical and practical aspects in drought phenotyping, through both crop-specific and cross-cutting approaches. It is designed for – and will be of use to – practitioners and postgraduate students in plant science, who are grappling with the challenging task of evaluating germplasm performance under different water regimes. In Part I, different methodologies are presented for accurately characterising environmental conditions, implementing trials, and capturing and analysing the information this generates, regardless of the crop. Part II presents the state-of-art in research on adaptation to drought, and recommends specific protocols to measure different traits in major food crops (focusing on particular cereals, legumes and clonal crops). The topic is part of the CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme’s efforts to disseminate crop research information, tools and protocols, for improving characterisation of environments and phenotyping conditions. The goal is to enhance expertise in testing locations, and to stimulate the development and use of traits related to drought tolerance, as well as innovative protocols for crop characterisation and breeding.
Book Synopsis Maize research for stress environments by :
Download or read book Maize research for stress environments written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1995 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drought Adaptation in Cereals by : Jean-Marcel Ribaut
Download or read book Drought Adaptation in Cereals written by Jean-Marcel Ribaut and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-08 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to best improve yield in cereal plants—even in dry conditions The impact of drought on crop production can be economically devastating. Drought Adaptation in Cereals provides a comprehensive review of the latest research on the tolerance of cereal crops to water-limited conditions. Renowned experts extensively describe basic concepts and cutting-edge research results to clearly reveal all facets of drought adaptation in cereals. More than simply a fine reference for plant biology and plant improvement under water-limited conditions, this book spotlights the most relevant biological approaches from plant phenotyping to functional genomics. The need to understand plant response to the lack of water is integral to forming strategies to best manage crops. Drought Adaptation in Cereals starts by offering an overview of the biological basis and defines the adaptive mechanisms found in plants under water-limited conditions. Different approaches are presented to provide understanding of plant genetics basics and plant breeding, including phenotyping, physiology, and biotechnology. The book details drought adaptation mechanisms at the cellular, organ, and entire plant levels, focusing on plant metabolism and gene functions. This resource is extensively referenced and contains tables, charts, and figures to clearly present data and enhance understanding. After a foreword by J. O'Toole and a prologue by A. Blum, Drought Adaptation in Cereals presents a full spectrum of informative topics from other internationally respected scientists. These include: drought’s economic impact (P. Heisey) genotype-by-environment interactions (M. Cooper) secondary traits for drought adaptation (P. Monneveux) leaf growth (F. Tardieu) carbon isotope discrimination (T. Condon) drought adaptation in barley (M. Sorrells), maize (M. Sawkins), rice (R. Lafitte), sorghum (A. Borrell) and wheat (M. Reynolds) carbohydrate metabolism (A. Tiessen) the role of abscisic acid (T. Setter) protection mechanisms and stress proteins (L. Mtwisha) genetic basis of ion homeostasis and water deficit (H. Bohnert) transcriptional factors (K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki) resurrection plants (D. Bartels) Drought Adaptation in Cereals is a unique, vital reference for scientists, educators, and students in plant biology, agronomy, and natural resources management.
Author :International Rice Research Institute Publisher :Int. Rice Res. Inst. ISBN 13 :9711040786 Total Pages :422 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (11 download)
Book Synopsis Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice by : International Rice Research Institute
Download or read book Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice written by International Rice Research Institute and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1982 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drought Tolerance in Higher Plants: Genetical, Physiological and Molecular Biological Analysis by : E. Belhassen
Download or read book Drought Tolerance in Higher Plants: Genetical, Physiological and Molecular Biological Analysis written by E. Belhassen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As drought tolerance is a multidirnensional stress, drought tolerance study is a multidisciplinary adventure. In 1992, the network INTERDROUGHT was created with the objective of joining the scientists of the different fields of research involved in drought tolerance study. The network was funded by the EEC and gathered 25 European teams specialized in molecular biology, physiology and geneties. 1\vo workshops were successively organized in 1993 in Sitges (Spain) and in 1994 in Ischia (Italy). After those two European workshops, the necessity of opening the network to the whole scientific community was already clear, and in 1995 the first INTERDROUGHT international conference was held in Montpellier (France). During this meeting, eleven speakers were invited to present a review in their field of research, in a way accessible to all researchers and students, especially those who are not familiar wlth one of the three fields of interest. These eleven reviews are presented in this book. From these reviews three major difficulties arose for drought tolerance irnprovement: - the definition of the drought stress that plants experience; -the differentiation between non adaptive and adaptive response to drought stress; -the identification of the adaptive responses that improved drought yield without decreasing significantly the potential yield. The use of integrated strategies of research will certainly provide irnportant results, such as the recent data obtained on molecular and physiologieal analysis of Arabidopsis mutants.
