Drought phenotyping in crops: From theory to practice

Download Drought phenotyping in crops: From theory to practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889191818
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Drought phenotyping in crops: From theory to practice by : Philippe Monneveux

Download or read book Drought phenotyping in crops: From theory to practice written by Philippe Monneveux and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topic is a unique attempt to simultaneously tackle theoretical and practical aspects in drought phenotyping, through both crop-specific and cross-cutting approaches. It is designed for – and will be of use to – practitioners and postgraduate students in plant science, who are grappling with the challenging task of evaluating germplasm performance under different water regimes. In Part I, different methodologies are presented for accurately characterising environmental conditions, implementing trials, and capturing and analysing the information this generates, regardless of the crop. Part II presents the state-of-art in research on adaptation to drought, and recommends specific protocols to measure different traits in major food crops (focusing on particular cereals, legumes and clonal crops). The topic is part of the CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme’s efforts to disseminate crop research information, tools and protocols, for improving characterisation of environments and phenotyping conditions. The goal is to enhance expertise in testing locations, and to stimulate the development and use of traits related to drought tolerance, as well as innovative protocols for crop characterisation and breeding.

Abiotic Stress in Plants

Download Abiotic Stress in Plants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838810552
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Abiotic Stress in Plants by : Shah Fahad

Download or read book Abiotic Stress in Plants written by Shah Fahad and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental insults such as extremes of temperature, extremes of water status, and deteriorating soil conditions pose major threats to agriculture and food security. Employing contemporary tools and techniques from all branches of science, attempts are being made worldwide to understand how plants respond to abiotic stresses with the aim to manipulate plant performance that is better suited to withstand these stresses. This book searches for possible answers to several basic questions related to plant responses towards abiotic stresses. Synthesizing developments in plant stress biology, the book offers strategies that can be used in breeding, including genomic, molecular, physiological, and biotechnological approaches that have the potential to develop resilient plants and improve crop productivity worldwide.

Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops

Download Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642370454
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops by : Chittaranjan Kole

Download or read book Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is expected to have a drastic impact on agronomic conditions including temperature, precipitation, soil nutrients, and the incidence of disease pests, to name a few. To face this looming threat, significant progress in developing new breeding strategies has been made over the last few decades. The first volume of Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops presents the basic concepts and strategies for developing climate-resilient crop varieties. Topics covered include: conservation, evaluation and utilization of biodiversity; identification of traits, genes and crops of the future; genomic and molecular tools; genetic engineering; participatory and evolutionary breeding; bioinformatics tools to support breeding; funding and networking support; and intellectual property, regulatory issues, social and political dimensions. ​

Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants

Download Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789238110
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants by : Alexandre De Oliveira

Download or read book Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants written by Alexandre De Oliveira and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are subjected to numerous environmental stresses, which can be classified into two broad areas: abiotic and biotic stresses. While the first is considered the damage done to an organism by other living organisms, the latter occurs as a result of a negative impact of non-living factors on the organisms. In this scenario, the current most accepted opinion of scientists is that both biotic and abiotic factors in nature and agroecosystems are affected by climate change, which may lead to significant crop yield decreases worldwide. We should take into consideration not only this environmental concern but also the fact that 20 years from now the earth's population will need 55% more food than it can produce now. Therefore, it is crucial to address such concerns and bring about possible solutions to future plant stress-related outcomes that might affect global agriculture. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of both biotic and abiotic stresses through 10 chapters that include case studies and literature reviews about these topics. There will be a particular focus on understanding the physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes observed in stressed plants as well as the mechanisms underlying stress tolerance in plants.

Phenotyping for Plant Breeding

Download Phenotyping for Plant Breeding PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461483204
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phenotyping for Plant Breeding by : Siva Kumar Panguluri

Download or read book Phenotyping for Plant Breeding written by Siva Kumar Panguluri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant phenotyping is the thorough assessment of plant traits such as growth, development, adaptation, yield, quality, tolerance, resistance, architecture, and the basic measurement of individual quantitative parameters that form the basis for understanding of traits. Genetic approaches to understand plant growth and development have always benefitted from phenotyping techniques that are simple, rapid and measurable in units. The forward genetics approach is all about understanding the trait inheritance using the phenotypic data and in most cases it is the mutant phenotypes that formed the basis for understanding of gene functions. With rapid advancement of genotyping techniques, high throughput genotyping has become a reality at costs people never imagined to be that low, but the phenotypic methods did not receive same attention. However, without quality phenotyping data the genotyping data cannot be effectively put to use in plant improvement. Therefore efforts are underway to develop high-throughput phenotyping methods in plants to keep pace with revolutionary advancement in genotyping techniques to enhance the efficiency of crop improvement programs. Keeping this in mind, we described in this book the best phenomic tools available for trait improvement in some of the world’s most important crop plants.

Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits

Download Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319225189
Total Pages : 707 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits by : Jameel M. Al-Khayri

Download or read book Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits written by Jameel M. Al-Khayri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-29 with total page 707 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic concept of this book is to examine the use of innovative methods augmenting traditional plant breeding towards the development of new crop varieties under different environmental conditions to achieve sustainable food production. This book consists of two volumes: Volume 1 subtitled Breeding, Biotechnology and Molecular Tools and Volume 2 subtitled Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits. This is volume 2 which contains 18 chapters highlighting breeding strategies for specific plant traits including improved nutritional and pharmaceutical properties as well as enhanced tolerance to insects, diseases, drought, salinity and temperature extremes expected under predicted global climate change.

Eco-friendly Agro-biological Techniques for Enhancing Crop Productivity

Download Eco-friendly Agro-biological Techniques for Enhancing Crop Productivity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811069344
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Eco-friendly Agro-biological Techniques for Enhancing Crop Productivity by : Rakesh Singh Sengar

Download or read book Eco-friendly Agro-biological Techniques for Enhancing Crop Productivity written by Rakesh Singh Sengar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world population is exploding and alongside fluctuations in climate is also prevalent, there is an increasing stress on the food requirements of the population. We have an urgent necessity to produce more food in the limited agricultural land. Further, to feed 7 billion people there is a requirement of high yielding crops, without harming environment and limiting the use of unnecessary pesticide and chemical fertilizers. Therefore it has become crucial to develop agri-bio-techniques which are environment friendly and also give high crop productivity. Many countries are evaluating the utility of biotechnology and its role in addressing problems of food security and poverty. Biotechnology is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing and production of materials by utilising biological agents. These agents are exploited to provide goods and services. Agricultural biotechnology encompasses a growing list of techniques that range from simple probes to determine a relevant gene from the complete genome to manipulating genes for a desired outcome. Many other popular methods used in the realm of agricultural technology are – gene integration, Marker-assisted breeding, Tissue culture, Gene profiling or association mapping, Metabolomics etc. The fundamental challenge facing the scientific community is how to devise innovative strategies that will bring all developed as well as developing countries into the “biological fold” and to do so in ways that will take full advantage of advances in the biological sciences to curb poverty, improve public health, and promote human development. This book contains information on eco-friendly techniques for high crop productivity and it is a myriad of different techniques and technology used to sustain productivity in crop plants. There are fewer books focusing on large-scale organic farming, molecular farming etc. Multidisciplinary research and literature is needed to deliver knowledge and products into the marketplace which fulfil these requirements. The present book is a collection of literature contributed by experts, scientists, professors, and researchers from around the world, it emphasizes work of concerned scientist and his choice of techniques used for enhancement of agricultural production. This book analyses the use of modern techniques to increase crop yields, production, and risk of hunger linked to socioeconomic scenarios.

Genetic Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection

Download Genetic Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811529493
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Genetic Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection by : N. Manikanda Boopathi

Download or read book Genetic Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection written by N. Manikanda Boopathi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book, Genetic Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection: Basics, Practice and Benefits, was widely appreciated as the first of its kind on this topic and has been listed as a reference work in several agricultural universities’ curricula. A great deal has happened over the last five years, making it high time to incorporate recent developments in genetic mapping and report on novel strategies in marker assisted selection in crop plants as a second edition. This book addresses a range of topics, including: new marker types and their genotyping methods based on high-throughput technologies, advances in genomics and their role in new marker development, improvements in genetic mapping strategies and software updates, developments in phenomics and their applications in QTL mapping, and how to incorporate these developments and advances in marker assisted selection in crop plants. Similar to the first edition, each technique and method is explained using a step-by-step method, allowing the book to serve as a self-study guide for scholars whose work involves the genetic improvement of crop plants for any trait of interest, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. In addition, the book offers a valuable guide for undergraduate and graduate students at agricultural universities and institutes that are interested and/or involved in the genetic improvement of crop plants using modern tools. In addition, the bibliography includes a list of suggested works for pursuing further research on the topics covered.

Cereal Genomics II

Download Cereal Genomics II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400764014
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cereal Genomics II by : Pushpendra K. Gupta

Download or read book Cereal Genomics II written by Pushpendra K. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Cereal Genomics” published in 2004 served the purpose of collecting all information on cereal genomics at one place and was well received by the cereal workers through-out the world. The last eight years have witnessed significant advancement in the field of cereal genomics. For instance, high-density genetic maps, physical maps, QTL maps and even draft genome sequence have become available for several cereal species. Furthermore, the next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized genomics research, so that it is possible now to sequence genomes of hundreds or thousands of accessions of an individual cereal crop. Significant amounts of data generated using these NGS technologies created a demand for computational tools to analyse this massive data. In view of these developments, the Editors realised that there was a need to have an updated volume on the present status and future prospects of cereal genomics. These developments related to technology and the tools have been documented in this volume, thus supplementing our earlier edited volume “Cereal Genomics”. “Cereal Genomics II” discusses advances in cereal genomics research made during the last eight years, and presents state-of-art cereal genomics and its utilization involving both basic research such as comparative genomics and functional genomics, and applied research like QTL mapping and molecular breeding.

Genomics Assisted Breeding of Crops for Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Vol. II

Download Genomics Assisted Breeding of Crops for Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Vol. II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319995731
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Genomics Assisted Breeding of Crops for Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Vol. II by : Vijay Rani Rajpal

Download or read book Genomics Assisted Breeding of Crops for Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Vol. II written by Vijay Rani Rajpal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The abiotic stresses like drought, temperature, cold, salinity, heavy metals etc. affect a great deal on the yield performance of the agricultural crops. To cope up with these challenges, plant breeding programs world-wide are focussing on the development of stress tolerant varieties in all crop species. Significant genomic advances have been made for abiotic stress tolerance in various crop species in terms of availability of molecular markers, QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection (GS) strategies, and transcriptome profiling. The broad-range of articles involving genomics and breeding approaches deepens our existing knowledge about complex traits. The chapters are written by authorities in their respective fields. This book provides comprehensive and consolidated account on the applications of the most recent findings and the progress made in genomics assisted breeding for tolerance to abiotic stresses in many important major crop species with a focus on applications of modern strategies for sustainable agriculture. The book is especially intended for students, molecular breeders and scientists working on the genomics-assisted genetic improvement of crop species for abiotic stress tolerance.

State-of-the-art Technology and Applications in Crop Phenomics

Download State-of-the-art Technology and Applications in Crop Phenomics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889717542
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis State-of-the-art Technology and Applications in Crop Phenomics by : Wanneng Yang

Download or read book State-of-the-art Technology and Applications in Crop Phenomics written by Wanneng Yang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Plant OMICS and Crop Breeding

Download Plant OMICS and Crop Breeding PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315341719
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant OMICS and Crop Breeding by : Sajad Majeed Zargar

Download or read book Plant OMICS and Crop Breeding written by Sajad Majeed Zargar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the advent of state-of-the-art technologies in the field of biotechnology, much progress has been achieved since the last decade. OMICS technologies are being extensively used to address various issues pertaining to agriculture. Recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics techniques have revolutionized the understanding of genetic response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Strategic application of this revolutionary technology will eventually lead towards attaining sustainability in agriculture. This new book, Plant OMICS and Crop Breeding, addresses this important issue.

Agronomic Crops

Download Agronomic Crops PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811500258
Total Pages : 667 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agronomic Crops by : Mirza Hasanuzzaman

Download or read book Agronomic Crops written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agronomic crops have been a source of foods, beverages, fodders, fuels, medicines and industrial raw materials since the dawn of human civilization. Over time, these crops have come to be cultivated using scientific methods instead of traditional methods. However, in the era of climate change, agronomic crops are increasingly subjected to various environmental stresses, which results in substantial yield loss. To meet the food demands of the ever-increasing global population, new technologies and management practices are being adopted to boost yield and maintain productivity under both normal and adverse conditions. To promote the sustainable production of agronomic crops, scientists are currently exploring a range of approaches, which include varietal development, soil management, nutrient and water management, pest management etc. Researchers have also made remarkable progress in developing stress tolerance in crops through various approaches. However, finding solutions to meet the growing food demands remains a challenge. Although there are several research publications on the above-mentioned problems, there are virtually no comprehensive books addressing all of the recent topics. Accordingly, this book, which covers all aspects of production technologies, management practices, and stress tolerance of agronomic crops in a single source, offers a highly topical guide.

Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, Third Edition

Download Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, Third Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466553286
Total Pages : 1034 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, Third Edition by : Mohammad Pessarakli

Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, Third Edition written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous discoveries in plant and crop physiology have resulted in an abundance of new information since the publication of the second edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, necessitating a new edition to cover the latest advances in the field. Like its predecessors, the Third Edition offers a unique, complete collection of topics in plant and crop physiology, serving as an up-to-date resource in the field. This edition contains more than 90 percent new material, and the remaining 10 percent has been updated and substantially revised. Divided into nine parts to make the information more accessible, this handbook covers the physiology of plant and crop growth and development, cellular and molecular aspects, and production processes. It addresses the physiological responses of plants and crops to environmental stresses, heavy metals, and agrichemicals; presents findings on small RNAs in response to temperature stress; and discusses the use of bioinformatics in plant/crop physiology. The book deals with the impacts of rising CO2 levels and climate change on plant/crop growth, development, and production. It also offers guidance on plants and crops that can be successfully cultivated under more stressful conditions, presented in six chapters that examine alleviation of future food security issues. With contributions from 105 scientists from 17 countries, this book provides a comprehensive resource for research and for university courses, covering plant physiological processes ranging from the cellular level to whole plants. The content provided can be used to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies for dealing with plant and crop physiology problems. This edition includes numerous tables, figures, and illustrations to facilitate comprehension of the material as well as thousands of index words to further increase accessibility to the desired information.

Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance

Download Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128010878
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance by : Parvaiz Ahmad

Download or read book Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance written by Parvaiz Ahmad and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-02 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance: Volume II - A Sustainable Approach helps readers take technological measures to alleviate plant stress and improve crop production in various environmental conditions. This resource provides a comprehensive review of how technology can be implemented to improve plant stress tolerance to increase productivity and meet the agricultural needs of the growing human population. The book considers issues of deforestation, disease prevention, climate change and drought, water and land management, and more. It will help any scientist better understand environmental stresses to improve resource management within a world of limited resources. Includes the most recent advances methods and applications of biotechnology to crop science Promotes the prevention of potential diseases to inhibit bacteria postharvest quality of fruits and vegetable crops by advancing application and research Presents a thorough account of research results and critical reviews

Phenomics in Crop Plants: Trends, Options and Limitations

Download Phenomics in Crop Plants: Trends, Options and Limitations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 8132222261
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phenomics in Crop Plants: Trends, Options and Limitations by : Jitendra Kumar

Download or read book Phenomics in Crop Plants: Trends, Options and Limitations written by Jitendra Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identification of desirable genotypes with traits of interest is discernible for making genetic improvement of crop plants. In this direction, screening of a large number of germplasm for desirable traits and transfer of identified traits into agronomic backgrounds through recombination breeding is the common breeding approach. Although visual screening is easier for qualitative traits, its use is not much effective for quantitative traits and also for those, which are difficult to score visually. Therefore, it is imperative to phenotype the germplasm accessions and breeding materials precisely using high throughput phenomics tools for challenging and complex traits under natural, controlled and harsh environmental conditions. Realizing the importance of phenotyping data towards identification and utilization of a germplasm as donors, global scientific community has exerted increased focus on advancing phenomics in crop plants leading to development of a number of techniques and methodologies for screening of agronomic, physiological, and biochemical traits. These technologies have now become much advanced and entered the era of digital science. This book provides exhaustive information on various aspects related to phenotyping of crop plants and offers a most comprehensive reference on the developments made in traditional and high throughput phenotyping of agricultural crops.

Physiology of Plants Under Abiotic Stress and Climate Change

Download Physiology of Plants Under Abiotic Stress and Climate Change PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9387307867
Total Pages : 611 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Physiology of Plants Under Abiotic Stress and Climate Change by : A. Hemantaranjan

Download or read book Physiology of Plants Under Abiotic Stress and Climate Change written by A. Hemantaranjan and published by Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2011-02-09 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a wealth of spanking insight for directing interdisciplinary exchange of information especially in the fields of abiotic stresses and climate change for planning meaningful research as well as advancing education programmes in such indispensable areas. Apart from satisfying the acute need of this kind of exclusive edition for research teams and scientists engaged in various facets of research in plant physiology in traditional and agricultural universities, institutes and research laboratories throughout the world, it would be extremely a constructive book and a voluminus reference material for imbibing thought provoking knowledge by post-graduate and Ph.D. scholars in response to the innovative course in plant Physiology, Plant Biochemistry, PlantMolecular Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Environmental Science, Plant Pathology, Microbiology, soil Science Agricultural Chemistry, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Botany.