Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Investigation Of Localized Corrosion Of Carbon Steel In H2s Environments full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Investigation Of Localized Corrosion Of Carbon Steel In H2s Environments ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Haitao Fang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (787 download)
Download or read book Investigation of Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel in H2S Environments written by Haitao Fang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wei Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Initiation and Propagation of Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel in Marginally Sour Environments written by Wei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic investigation of pitting failure of mild steel in marginally sour environments was performed with the objective of understanding and predicting the occurrence of localized corrosion. While localized corrosion can happen due to a variety of reasons, recent work has shown that mild steel was particularly susceptible to pitting in environments containing traces of H2S (ppm level in the gas phase, which equates to ppb level of dissolved O2 in the liquid phase) of H2S. Relevant research works related to localized corrosion of mild steel exposed to O2, CO2 and H2S containing aqueous environments were carefully reviewed and a critical comparison was performed, identifying experimental methodologies, common mechanisms and gaps in understanding. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to identify the operating parameters controlling the occurrence of localized corrosion in marginally sour environments. As a result, pitting was found to occur under the following conditions: 0 mbar pH2S 0.15 mbar, pCO2 0 bar, temperature
Author : Fumio Hine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Localized Corrosion written by Fumio Hine and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. M. El-Sherik
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081012195
Total Pages : 928 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies written by A. M. El-Sherik and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies: Production and Transmission delivers the most up-to-date and highly multidisciplinary reference available to identify emerging developments, fundamental mechanisms and the technologies necessary in one unified source. Starting with a brief explanation on corrosion management that also addresses today’s most challenging issues for oil and gas production and transmission operations, the book dives into the latest advances in microbiology-influenced corrosion and other corrosion threats, such as stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen damage just to name a few. In addition, it covers testing and monitoring techniques, such as molecular microbiology and online monitoring for surface and subsurface facilities, mitigation tools, including coatings, nano-packaged biocides, modeling and prediction, cathodic protection and new steels and non-metallics. Rounding out with an extensive glossary and list of abbreviations, the book equips upstream and midstream corrosion professionals in the oil and gas industry with the most advanced collection of topics and solutions to responsibly help solve today’s oil and gas corrosion challenges. Covers the latest in corrosion mitigation techniques, such as corrosion inhibitors, biocides, non-metallics, coatings, and modeling and prediction Solves knowledge gaps with the most current technology and discoveries on specific corrosion mechanisms, highlighting where future research and industry efforts should be concentrated Achieves practical and balanced understanding with a full spectrum of subjects presented from multiple academic and world-renowned contributors in the industry
Author : Xin Gao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Localized Corrosion Initiation of Steel in CO2 Environments written by Xin Gao and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this dissertation research was to investigate initiation mechanisms for CO2 localized corrosion on mild steel, encompassing the effects of chloride, oxygen, and acetic acid. In CO2 corrosion, iron in steel will be oxidized to ferrous ions under deareated conditions. The ferrous and carbonate ions can combine to form FeCO3 and precipitate once exceeding the solubility limit. When the precipitation of FeCO3 occurs evenly on the steel surface it forms a compact and protective layer. This acts as a diffusion barrier hindering the mass transfer of electrochemical species and covers/blocks the surface making it unavailable for corrosion, which enhances the resistance of mild steel to further uniform CO2 corrosion. However, there are various scenarios where localized corrosion may occur. When the environment becomes more aggressive, the FeCO3 could be partially removed. This leads to localized regions of the bare steel surface that become exposed to the corrosive solution and, subsequently, localized corrosion could be initiated. To study CO2 localized corrosion, two-stage experiments were performed: (1) a uniform protective FeCO3 layer was first formed on a carbon steel with high initial FeCO3 saturation; (2) localized CO2 corrosion scenarios were then developed by adding additional salts (NaCl or NaClO4), oxygen or acetic acid to challenge the protective FeCO3 layer. The experiments were conducted in a two-liter glass cell with a three-electrode system, working electrode (X65 carbon steel), reference electrode (Ag/AgCl saturated electrode), and counter electrode (platinum). Electrochemical measurements (linear polarization resistance) were carried out to observe electrochemical behaviors and calculate the corrosion rates.
Author : Azman Jalar
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811918511
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the 7th International Corrosion Prevention Symposium for Research Scholars written by Azman Jalar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-29 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the latest research, innovations, and applications in the field of corrosion prevention and control, as presented by leading national and international academics, researchers, engineers, and postgraduate students at the AWAM International Conference on Civil Engineering 2022 (AICCE’22), held 7th International Corrosion Prevention Symposium for Research Scholars (CORSYM 2021), held as a virtual conference on November 2021. The CORSYM 2021 theme, Nurturing Future Corrosionist for Better Corrosion Mitigation, covered key topics such as corrosion and inhibitors, corrosion of biomaterials, top of line corrosion, H2S and CO2 corrosion, coatings and composites for biomedical devices, electrochemical testing techniques, advanced materials and coatings, corrosion in concrete structures, welding and hot Corrosion, corrosion in ships and marine structures, corrosion of biomaterials, corrosion Under insulation, digitalization in corrosion. The contributions introduce numerous exciting ideas that spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations between various specialists in the field of corrosion engineering.
Author : Payman Sharifi Abdar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Mechanism and Modeling of Galvanic Corrosion Between Mild Steel and Iron Aulfides in Acidic Solutions written by Payman Sharifi Abdar and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sour hydrocarbon reservoirs, containing H2S gas, are receiving increasing attention due to the growing demand for energy. Although uniform corrosion is not a significant obstacle for oil and gas companies in sour environments, the major challenge in this field is prevention of localized corrosion that can cause failures in production infrastructure. Formation of different types of iron sulfides as corrosion products has been postulated to be a main culprit for localized attack, due to their wide-ranging physicochemical properties, such as their electrical conductivities. The galvanic coupling between iron sulfides layers and mild steel was shown to be the mechanism associated with the localized attacks in sour environments. However, the mechanism of galvanic coupling between mild steel and iron sulfides has not been understood due to the lack of systematic and parametric studies. The research described herein addresses the galvanic coupling between mild steel and iron sulfide polymorphs to investigate the involved mechanisms. For the first step, the uniform corrosion of mild steel in aqueous H2S solutions was critically reviewed, and the mechanism associated with this system including the involved chemical electrochemical reactions was fully described. Furthermore, the mathematical modeling of uniform corrosion rate of mild steel in H2S environments was also comprehensively reviewed. In addition, some new approaches for the modeling of electrochemical reactions as well as corrosion rate were proposed, and the validity of the proposed models were verified through comparing with experimental data. Next step of the current research focused on the galvanic corrosion between mild steel and iron sulfides using both experimental and modeling investigations. In the experimental section, a systematic study was performed in order to determine the contribution of the influential parameters on the galvanic corrosion between mild steel and iron sulfides. On that account, the effect of several important parameters including iron sulfide type, cathode to anode surface area ratio, and solution’s conductivity was examined. Although the conductivity of solution did not show significant impact on the galvanic corrosion rate in the studied experimental conditions, the type of iron sulfide as well as the cathode to anode surface area ratio notably affected the galvanic coupling process. Specifically, the two types of iron sulfides used here, pyrite and pyrrhotite, were shown to produce different galvanic corrosion due to their different electrochemical behaviors. To further elucidate the mechanism of the impact of iron sulfide type, the cathodic behavior of pyrite and pyrrhotite was systematically studied using rotating disk electrode system. The results revealed that pyrrhotite has significantly higher cathodic current than pyrite. This difference originates from different cathodic reactions occurring at the surface of these iron sulfides. Therefore, the associated cathodic reactions were also proposed in this study. The modeling section started with the proposed model for the cathodic current density of mild steel, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. The mathematical model was based on the proposed cathodic reactions as well as the constants found from experimental investigation. The proposed model was then verified by comparing it to the experimental data obtained in this study. In the final part of the current study, a mathematical model based on the polarization measurements was proposed for the prediction of galvanic corrosion rate between mild steel and iron sulfides. The model was compared with the experimental results at various experimental conditions, and very good agreement was found between experimental and modeling results. To summarize, the current research was ale to reveal some mechanistic aspects of the galvanic coupling between mild steel and iron sulfides. The impact of the influential parameters and the electrochemical characteristic of iron sulfides were revealed. Also, the current research, for the first time, developed a mathematical model for the prediction of cathodic current on iron sulfides and the galvanic corrosion rate between mild steel and iron sulfides.
Author : Yimin Zeng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (533 download)
Download or read book Effect of Hydrogen on Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel written by Yimin Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Edward Ghali
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470024038
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Corrosion Prevention and Protection written by Edward Ghali and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion Prevention and Protection: Practical Solutions presents a functional approach to the various forms of corrosion, such as uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion, hydrogen-induced damage, sulphide stress cracking, erosion-corrosion, and corrosion fatigue in various industrial environments. The book is split into two parts. The first, consisting of five chapters: Introduction and Principles (Fundamentals) of Corrosion Corrosion Testing, Detection, Monitoring and Failure Analysis Regulations, Specifications and Safety Materials: Metals, Alloys, Steels and Plastics Corrosion Economics and Corrosion Management The second part of the book consists of two chapters which present: a discussion of corrosion reactions, media, active and active-passive corrosion behaviour and the various forms of corrosion, a collection of case histories and practical solutions which span a wide range of industrial problems in a variety of frequently encountered environments, including statues & monuments, corrosion problems in metallurgical and mineral processing plants, boilers, heat exchangers and cooling towers, aluminum and copper alloys, galvanized steel structures as well as hydrogeological environmental corrosion This text is relevant to researchers and practitioners, engineers and chemists, working in corrosion in industry, government laboratories and academia. It is also suitable as a course text for engineering students as well as libraries related to chemical and chemical engineering institutes and research departments.
Author : Ruishu Feng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Electrochemical Corrosion of Carbon Steels in H2S-containing Brines written by Ruishu Feng and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of high strength low alloy carbon steel, Grade S-135, and ultra-high strength low alloy carbon steel, Grade UD-165, were investigated in alkaline brines at pH of 7.9, 10.7, and 12.4 and four H2S partial pressures (PH2S) from 0 to 69 kPa at 85 oC using in situ electrochemical measurements, ex situ surface analyses, and software modeling. HS-(aq) was calculated to be the dominant sulfide species from pH 7.9 to 12.4. After 60 hours, polarization resistance (Rpol) of S-135 and UD-165 generally increased as pH increased at lower PH2S (0 and 0.83 kPa), whereas Rpol decreased and then increased as pH increased at higher PH2S (8.3 and 69 kPa). At each pH, the lower PH2S increased Rpol or did not significantly change Rpol, whereas the higher PH2S decreased Rpol. Two opposite effects from H2S were proposed, an accelerating effect due to H2S(aq) and HS-(aq) facilitating the Faradaic reactions and the localized corrosion, and an inhibiting effect due to the protectiveness of the corrosion products. The inhibiting effect was often observed at relatively low H2S concentrations at pH 7.9 and 12.4. The electrochemical impedance did not change significantly at different stir rates for both S-135 and UD-165, indicating that mass transport in the bulk solution was not the rate determining step. The corrosion products generally changed from iron carbonate and sulfides to iron oxide as pH increased, which agreed with the Pourbaix diagrams. Solution pH in the three solutions were calculated to be 8.1, 9.8, and 10.8 at 200 oC, respectively. Polarization resistance values of UD-165 at 200 °C were consistently one to two orders of magnitude lower than at 85 °C, which corresponded to a drastic increase in corrosion rate at elevated temperature. At 200 °C, Rpol at 9.8 was the smallest after 60 hours among the three solutions. The modeled results were in reasonable agreement with the experimental CR values within a factor of 4. A new method derived from the generalized Butler-Volmer equation allowed to obtain anodic Tafel slopes from LSV even with the effect of limiting current. At 200 oC, the ba values indicated that the anodic reactions followed the Bockris mechanism at pH 8.1 and a two-electron mechanism at pH 9.8 and 10.8. As pH increased, the major corrosion products changed from pyrrhotite/siderite to magnetite although the corrosion products were a mixture of iron carbonate, sulfide and oxide. At 4 °C and 10 MPa total pressure, experimental results for two drill steels, Grade S-135 and Grade UD-165, showed a distinct drop in corrosion rate when transitioning from sweet (CO2) corrosion to sour (H2S) corrosion in 5% wt. NaCl brine. It was found that a CO2:H2S ratio as high as 1000 was still enough for sour corrosion to dominate the conditions tested. The CO2+H2S condition and H2S condition had the similar anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes, which were smaller than the CO2 condition. The presence of H2S could have caused the formation of FeS(s) at the steel surface where the pH and Fe2+(aq) concentration might be higher than in the bulk solution.
Author : James Bandoquillo Nogara
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (934 download)
Download or read book Surface Analysis of Carbon Steel and Corrosion-Resistant Alloys Exposed to Corrosive Geothermal Fluids written by James Bandoquillo Nogara and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. C. Griess
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel Tendons in Concrete Pressure Vessels written by J. C. Griess and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Angeire S. Huggins Gonzalez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)
Download or read book Galvanic Interactions in Sweet and Sour Environments written by Angeire S. Huggins Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of carbon steel exposed to aqueous environments containing dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is responsible for many failures of equipment and pipelines in the oil and gas industry. Corrosion product films, e.g., iron carbonate (FeCO3) and iron sulfide (FexSy), play a major role in enhancing localized corrosion after breakdown of these films by either mechanical or chemical means. This has been attributed to galvanic effects driven by the difference in open circuit potential (OCP) between steel covered by FeCO3 or FexSy and bare uncovered areas. Upon localized breakdown of the films, a galvanic current flows between the bare metal areas (anodes) and the areas covered with FeCO3 or FexSy (cathodes). Although many studies have evaluated these galvanic effects, there are still some questions remaining related to the cathodic nature of corrosion product films and their role in enhancing localized corrosion. The present study focused on the evaluation of galvanic interactions of iron (Fe) in CO2 and CO2/H2S environments. The corrosion rate and OCP were measured over time for samples under various conditions, corrosion products on those samples were characterized, and galvanic currents were measured between samples exposed to different conditions. The test conditions were selected to favor the formation of protective films. Fe and steel samples were immersed in 1% NaCl saturated with 100% CO2 or 0.1, 1, 10% H2S/balance CO2. The pH of the bulk solution was adjusted to values between 6 and 8, while the temperature was controlled between 20°C and 80°C. Corrosion product layers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The galvanic interactions were measured using a modified split cell that allowed customization of different environments in each of the half cells, along with simultaneous monitoring of the galvanic current and driving force as indicated by the difference in OCPs. The results indicated that the pH of the bulk solutions plays a major role in the formation of protective FeCO3 scales. Fe exhibited a passive-like behavior when immersed in a solution at 80°C with pH adjusted to 8. The split cell experiments showed that after reaching a passive-like behavior, Fe was cathodic when coupled to samples immersed in a solution with lower pH, and the galvanic current was approximately 2.4 μA/cm2. The galvanic current decreased with increasing temperature and pH gradient between the half cells. The study of artificial couples between Fe electrodes in 1% NaCl solutions saturated with 0.1, 1 or 10% H2S/balance CO2 and with CO2 showed that the galvanic current increased with temperature and %H2S in the gas mixture. At 20°C and 0.1-1%H2S/balance CO2, the FexSy-covered electrodes were cathodic compared to Fe in CO2-saturated solution. At higher temperature and H2S/CO2 ratio, the FexSy covered samples were anodic. The reversal in polarity in the evaluation of temperature, pH and H2S/CO2 ratio suggested that the cathodic or anodic nature of FexSy films may be influenced by the local chemistry in the film/metal interface.
Author : Jiheon Jun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)
Download or read book Localized Corrosion of Super 13Cr Stainless Steel in 1D Pit for H2S-free and Sour Brines at an Elevated Temperature written by Jiheon Jun and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Super 13Cr stainless steel (S13Cr) is commonly used for production tubulars in mildly sour oil wells where the partial pressure of H2S is but the temperature is elevated. The dissolution of H2S into brines produces aqueous species of H2S, which could increase the risk of localized corrosion on S13Cr. To assess the effect of bulk Cl- concentration ([Cl-]b) and aqueous H2S on different stages of localized corrosion, one dimensional (1D) pit electrodes of S13Cr were tested in 0.1 to 3 M NaCl solutions under N2-deaerated and 10% H2S conditions at 85 °C. The initiation of localized dissolution on S13Cr occurred at lower potentials either by increasing Cl- concentration or adding 10% H2S. The limiting current (ilim) for transport-controlled dissolution of S13Cr, however, decreased by increasing [Cl-]b but did not change with the addition of 10% H2S. The effect of [Cl-]b on ilim of S13Cr dissolution was analyzed by modeling the product of the saturation concentration of metal ions (Ctot) for FeCl2 precipitation and an effective diffusion coefficient of metal ions (Deff) for simplified concentration gradients of growing 1D pits. The calculated product of Ctot and Deff predicted the [Cl-]b dependency of ilim that was determined experimentally for S13Cr dissolution in 1D pit. Repassivation of S13Cr during reverse potentiodynamic scanning or potentiostatic polarization was identified by additional forward scanning, which distinguished passive and non-passive responses. For reverse scanning, S13Cr 1D pits repassivated at the potentials that were below the zero current potential. For an extended duration of potentiostatic polarization, however, repassivation of S13Cr could occur at potentials 30 to 60 mV above the zero current potential in 3 M NaCl. The effect of 10% H2S on S13Cr repassivation in a 1D pit was dependent on [Cl-]b. For 3 M NaCl, the potential associated with S13Cr repassivation for reverse scanning was not affected by H2S while S13Cr repassiveted at a lower potential with 10% H2S in 0.3 M NaCl. This work has increased the fundamental understanding of transport-limited dissolution of ferrous alloys during localized corrosion. Further understanding of the combined effect of H2S and Cl- on localized corrosion of S13Cr investigated in this work is beneficial for estimating the corrosion performance of S13Cr in corresponding sour conditions.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. Winston Revie
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470080329
Total Pages : 1299 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook written by R. Winston Revie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 1299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a reference for engineers, scientists, and students concerned with the use of materials in applications where reliability and resistance to corrosion are important. It updates the coverage of its predecessor, including coverage of: corrosion rates of steel in major river systems and atmospheric corrosion rates, the corrosion behavior of materials such as weathering steels and newer stainless alloys, and the corrosion behavior and engineering approaches to corrosion control for nonmetallic materials. New chapters include: high-temperature oxidation of metals and alloys, nanomaterials, and dental materials, anodic protection. Also featured are chapters dealing with standards for corrosion testing, microbiological corrosion, and electrochemical noise.
Author : United States. Bureau of Mines
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Corrosion Studies in Brines of the Salton Sea Geothermal Field written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
