Investigation Of Energy Dependent Morphology In Pulsar Wind Nebulae

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Investigation of Energy-dependent Morphology in Pulsar Wind Nebulae

Author : Steven Brett McArthur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (815 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of Energy-dependent Morphology in Pulsar Wind Nebulae by : Steven Brett McArthur

Download or read book Investigation of Energy-dependent Morphology in Pulsar Wind Nebulae written by Steven Brett McArthur and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations of TeV gamma rays enable investigation of extreme, high-energy astrophysical environments. Of the identied TeV sources within the Galaxy, the largest number are pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), formed by the shocked wind of relativistic leptons emitted by a pulsar and conned by the surrounding medium, with broadband emission arising from synchrotron and inverse Compton mechanisms. PWNe exhibit a wide range of morphologies as a result of a complex evolution, depending on the properties of the parent pulsar and conning medium. This work describes the discovery of gamma-ray emission from the PWN within the supernova remnant (SNR) CTA 1 by the VERITAS telescope array. By imaging the Cherenkov light from gamma-ray induced atmospheric showers, VERITAS revealed an extended TeV nebula surrounding the pulsar PSR J0007+7303. Comparison of the observed properties with known PWN, along with a one-zone model, suggests a recent interaction with the SNR reverse shock and allows for an estimate of the average nebular magnetic eld strength. No signicant energy-dependent morphology is seen. A multi-zone, cylindrically symmetric model is created to investigate tailed-out PWN morphology, accounting for multiple mechanisms for particle transport and cooling. The model is applied to the CTA 1 data, with a limited search of the parameter space performed to t the observed spectrum and extent. Possible improvements to the model performance are discussed.

Reconstruction and Analysis of Highest Energy [gamma]-rays and Its Application to Pulsar Wind Nebulae

Author : Vikas Joshi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Reconstruction and Analysis of Highest Energy [gamma]-rays and Its Application to Pulsar Wind Nebulae by : Vikas Joshi

Download or read book Reconstruction and Analysis of Highest Energy [gamma]-rays and Its Application to Pulsar Wind Nebulae written by Vikas Joshi and published by . This book was released on 2019* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) [gamma]-ray observatory detects cosmic- and [gamma]-rays in the TeV energy range. HAWC was recently upgraded with a sparse detector array (the outrigger array), which increases the instrumented area by a factor of 4-5 and will improve the sensitivity at energies greater than 10 TeV. This thesis consists of a number of contributions towards the improvement of the performance of HAWC at the highest energies and the study of a prominent high energy source, 2HWC J2019+367. To decide on components of the outrigger array, simulation input is provided. A new Monte Carlo template-based reconstruction method for air shower arrays is developed. It reconstructs the core location and energy of [gamma]-ray showers. The goodness of fit of the method is utilised to separate the cosmic- and [gamma]-ray showers. This method significantly improves the HAWC shower reconstruction and combines the reconstruction of HAWC and the outrigger array. In-depth spectral and morphological studies of 2HWC J2019+367 are performed. 2HWC J2019+367 shows a hint of energy-dependent morphology. A new HAWC source is discovered in the vicinity associated with VER J2016+371. The preferred direction of the X-ray and TeV emission indicates their association, and their combined spectral modelling show that 2HWC J2019+367 is likely to be the TeV pulsar wind nebula of PSR J2021+3651.

Modelling Pulsar Wind Nebulae

Author : Diego F. Torres
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319630318
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Modelling Pulsar Wind Nebulae by : Diego F. Torres

Download or read book Modelling Pulsar Wind Nebulae written by Diego F. Torres and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In view of the current and forthcoming observational data on pulsar wind nebulae, this book offers an assessment of the theoretical state of the art of modelling them. The expert authors also review the observational status of the field and provide an outlook for future developments. During the last few years, significant progress on the study of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) has been attained both from a theoretical and an observational perspective, perhaps focusing on the closest, more energetic, and best studied nebula: the Crab, which appears in the cover. Now, the number of TeV detected PWNe is similar to the number of characterized nebulae observed at other frequencies over decades of observations. And in just a few years, the Cherenkov Telescope Array will increase this number to several hundreds, actually providing an essentially complete account of TeV emitting PWNe in the Galaxy. At the other end of the multi-frequency spectrum, the SKA and its pathfinder instruments, will reveal thousands of new pulsars, and map in exquisite detail the radiation surrounding them for several hundreds of nebulae. By carefully reviewing the state of the art in pulsar nebula research this book prepares scientists and PhD students for future work and progress in the field.

Revealing the Most Energetic Light from Pulsars and Their Nebulae

Author : David Carreto Fidalgo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030241947
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Revealing the Most Energetic Light from Pulsars and Their Nebulae by : David Carreto Fidalgo

Download or read book Revealing the Most Energetic Light from Pulsars and Their Nebulae written by David Carreto Fidalgo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-17 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on the extraordinary observation of TeV gamma rays from the Crab Pulsar, the most energetic light ever detected from this type of object. It presents detailed information on the painstaking analysis of the unprecedentedly large dataset from the MAGIC telescopes, and comprehensively discusses the implications of pulsed TeV gamma rays for state-of-the-art pulsar emission models. Using these results, the book subsequently explores new testing methodologies for Lorentz Invariance Violation, in terms of a wavelength-dependent speed of light. The book also covers an updated search for Very-High-Energy (VHE), >100 GeV, emissions from millisecond pulsars using the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi satellite, as well as a study on the promising Pulsar Wind Nebula candidate PSR J0631. The observation of VHE gamma rays is essential to studying the non-thermal sources of radiation in our Universe. Rotating neutron stars, also known as pulsars, are an extreme source class known to emit VHE gamma rays. However, to date only two pulsars have been detected with emissions above 100 GeV, and our understanding of their emission mechanism is still lacking.

A Combined Spectral and Energy Morphology Analysis of Gamma Ray Source HAWC J2031+415 in the Cygnus Constellation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis A Combined Spectral and Energy Morphology Analysis of Gamma Ray Source HAWC J2031+415 in the Cygnus Constellation by :

Download or read book A Combined Spectral and Energy Morphology Analysis of Gamma Ray Source HAWC J2031+415 in the Cygnus Constellation written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : HAWC J2031+415 is a probable pulsar wind nebula (PWN) located in the Cygnus Cocoon region near a complex OB star cluster. First observed by the High-Energy-Gamma-Ray Astronomy (HEGRA) observatory in the TeV energy regime, the source had no apparent counterpart in lower energy ranges. Previous work using 1343 days of data from the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory has determined that three sources are present in the Region of Interest (ROI): HAWC J2031+415, HAWC J2030+409 (also known as the Cocoon), and 3HWC J2020+403 (associated with the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant) \cite{Ian_01, Binita_01}. In this work, I use the newest data set containing 2000 days of data from HAWC to analyze the region. I apply a systematic source searching method to determine the number of sources, their locations, and spectra. Three estimators are used to determine the spectral energy distribution for HAWC J2031+415 and the best fit is found to be a power law with an exponential cut-off. I then isolate HAWC J2031+415 and perform an energy-dependent morphology study of the source. No measurable energy dependence of the morphology was found. Additional data will allow for more detailed studies of the region.

Particle Populations and High Energy Emission in Pulsar Wind Nebulae

Author : Albert Adam Van Etten
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (795 download)

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Book Synopsis Particle Populations and High Energy Emission in Pulsar Wind Nebulae by : Albert Adam Van Etten

Download or read book Particle Populations and High Energy Emission in Pulsar Wind Nebulae written by Albert Adam Van Etten and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energetic particles streaming out from rapidly spinning neutron stars radiate across the electromagnetic spectrum, creating a pulsar wind nebula (PWN). Many PWNe are spatially resolved in the radio, X-ray, and even gamma-ray wavebands, and thereby provide an excellent laboratory to study not only pulsar winds and dynamics, but also shock processes, magnetic field evolution, and particle transport. Single-zone spectral energy distribution (SED) models have long been used to study the global properties of PWNe, but to fully take advantage of high spatial resolution data one must move beyond these simple models. Supported by multiple X-ray PWN observations, we describe multi-zone time-dependent SED model fitting, with particular emphasis on the spatial variations within nebulae. The SED model constrains the wind velocity profile, magnetic field profile, age and spin-down history of the central pulsar, and the PWN injection spectrum. These constraints are of great value to the study of the gamma-ray pulsar population, and to investigations of particle acceleration and the cosmic ray spectrum. The large size of many PWNe in the very high energy gamma-ray (TeV) regime is indicative of significant particle transport over the pulsar lifetime, and in the case study of HESS J1825-137 we find that rapid diffusion of high energy particles is required to match the multi-wavelength data.

Pulsar Wind Nebulae at High Energies

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis Pulsar Wind Nebulae at High Energies by :

Download or read book Pulsar Wind Nebulae at High Energies written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are the most abundant TeV gamma-ray emitters in the Milky Way. The radiative emission of these objects is powered by fast-rotating pulsars, which donate parts of their rotational energy into winds of relativistic particles. This thesis presents an in-depth study of the detected population of PWNe at high energies. To outline general trends regarding their evolutionary behaviour, a time-dependent model is introduced and compared to the available data. In particular, this work presents two exceptional PWNe which protrude from the rest of the population, namely the Crab Nebula and N 157B. Both objects are driven by pulsars with extremely high rotational energy loss rates. Accordingly, they are often referred to as energetic twins. Modelling the non-thermal multi-wavelength emission of N157B gives access to specific properties of this object, like the magnetic field inside the nebula. Comparing the derived parameters to those of the Crab Nebula reveals large intrinsic differences between the two PWNe. Possible origins of these differences are discussed in context of the resembling pulsars. Compared to the TeV gamma-ray regime, the number of detected PWNe is much smaller in the MeV-GeV gamma-ray range. In the latter range, the Crab Nebula stands out by the recent detection of gamma-ray flares. In general, the measured flux enhancements on short time scales of days to weeks were not expected in the theoretical understanding of PWNe. In this thesis, the variability of the Crab Nebula is analysed using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT). For the presented analysis, a new gamma-ray reconstruction method is used, providing a higher sensitivity and a lower energy threshold compared to previous analyses. The derived gamma-ray light curve of the Crab Nebula is investigated for flares and periodicity. The detected flares are analysed regarding their energy spectra, and their variety and commonalities are discussed. In addition, a dedicated analysis of the flare which occurred in March 2013 is performed. The derived short-term variability time scale is roughly 6h, implying a small region inside the Crab Nebula to be responsible for the enigmatic flares. The most promising theories explaining the origins of the flux eruptions and gamma-ray variability are discussed in detail. In the technical part of this work, a new analysis framework is presented. The introduced software, called gammalib/ctools, is currently being developed for the future CTA observa- tory. The analysis framework is extensively tested using data from the H. E. S. S. experiment. To conduct proper data analysis in the likelihood framework of gammalib/ctools, a model describing the distribution of background events in H.E.S.S. data is presented. The software provides the infrastructure to combine data from several instruments in one analysis. To study the gamma-ray emitting PWN population, data from Fermi-LAT and H. E. S. S. are combined in the likelihood framework of gammalib/ctools. In particular, the spectral peak, which usually lies in the overlap energy regime between these two instruments, is determined with the presented analysis framework. The derived measurements are compared to the predictions from the time-dependent model. The combined analysis supports the conclusion of a diverse population of gamma-ray emitting PWNe.

X-ray Observations of the Young Pulsar Wind Nebula G21.5-0.9 and the Evolved Pulsar Wind Nebulae CTB 87 (G74.9+1.2) and G63.7+1.1

Author : Heather Matheson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis X-ray Observations of the Young Pulsar Wind Nebula G21.5-0.9 and the Evolved Pulsar Wind Nebulae CTB 87 (G74.9+1.2) and G63.7+1.1 by : Heather Matheson

Download or read book X-ray Observations of the Young Pulsar Wind Nebula G21.5-0.9 and the Evolved Pulsar Wind Nebulae CTB 87 (G74.9+1.2) and G63.7+1.1 written by Heather Matheson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), nebulae harbouring a rotation-powered neutron star that was born in a supernova, provide opportunities to study highly relativistic pulsar winds and their interaction with the surrounding medium. Particularly interesting are PWNe that do not show any sign of the expected surrounding SNR shell and were thought to be born in subenergetic explosions or with unusual progenitors. The detection of a shell around one such PWN suggested that shells are indeed produced but may be faint due to unseen shocked ejecta, a low density environment, and/or a young age that has not yet allowed the shell to brighten and become visible. Here, by using observational X-ray data from modern telescopes with excellent spatial and energy resolution (Chandra and XMM-Newton), we target PWNe that do not have prominent SNR shells, and are known to be in varied environments, to further explore the characteristics of this growing, but poorly explored, class of PWNe. By combining imaging and spectroscopic results, we study the morphology of the PWNe, search for thermal emission from shock-heated material, investigate the energetics of the nebulae, and search for candidates for the neutron stars powering the nebulae. We find that while the faint shell surrounding G21.5-0.9 can be explained as a young PWN evolving in a low density medium, CTB 87 (G74.9+1.2) appears to be in an advanced stage of evolution, and G63.7+1.1 appears to be both in an advanced stage of evolution and in a dense environment. By performing spatially resolved spectroscopy, we have shown how the spectral characteristics vary across the PWNe, and note that more data will place better constraints on possible thermal emission in these remnants. The imaging portion of these studies has revealed intriguing large-scale morphologies for CTB 87 and G63.7+1.1, as well as a torus-jet structure in CTB 87 and neutron star candidates in both CTB 87 and G63.7+1.1. We conclude that both CTB 87 and G63.7+1.1 are likely interacting with the supernova remnant reverse shock, and CTB 87 may be additionally influenced by the motion of its neutron star.

Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cataclysmic Variable Stars with MAGIC and Development of Trigger Systems for IACTs

Download Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cataclysmic Variable Stars with MAGIC and Development of Trigger Systems for IACTs PDF Online Free

Author : Rubén López Coto
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319447513
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cataclysmic Variable Stars with MAGIC and Development of Trigger Systems for IACTs by : Rubén López Coto

Download or read book Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cataclysmic Variable Stars with MAGIC and Development of Trigger Systems for IACTs written by Rubén López Coto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a comprehensive work that addresses many of the open questions currently being discusssed in the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray community. It presents a detailed description of the MAGIC telescope together with a glimpse of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). One section is devoted to the design, development and characterization of trigger systems for current and future imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The book also features a state-of-the-art description of pulsar wind nebula (PWN) systems, the study of the multi-TeV spectrum of the Crab nebula, as well as the discovery of VHE gamma rays at the multiwavelength PWN 3C 58, which were sought at these wavelengths for more than twenty years. It also includes the contextualization of this discovery amongst the current population of VHE gamma-ray PWNe. Cataclysmic variable stars represent a new source of gamma ray energies, and are also addressed here. In closing, the thesis reports on the systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emissions of AE Aquarii in a multiwavelength context and the search for VHE gamma-ray variability of novae during outbursts at different wavelengths.

Handbook of Supernovae

Author : Athem W. Alsabti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783319207940
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Supernovae by : Athem W. Alsabti

Download or read book Handbook of Supernovae written by Athem W. Alsabti and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics

Author : Cosimo Bambi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811969604
Total Pages : 5912 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics by : Cosimo Bambi

Download or read book Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 5912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Gamma Rays in the 100 TeV Region from Potential Galactic PeVatron Candidates

Author : Sei Kato
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819716438
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Gamma Rays in the 100 TeV Region from Potential Galactic PeVatron Candidates by : Sei Kato

Download or read book Gamma Rays in the 100 TeV Region from Potential Galactic PeVatron Candidates written by Sei Kato and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neutron Stars and Pulsars

Author : Werner Becker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354076965X
Total Pages : 702 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron Stars and Pulsars by : Werner Becker

Download or read book Neutron Stars and Pulsars written by Werner Becker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-11 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron stars are the most compact astronomical objects in the universe which are accessible by direct observation. Studying neutron stars means studying physics in regimes unattainable in any terrestrial laboratory. Understanding their observed complex phenomena requires a wide range of scientific disciplines, including the nuclear and condensed matter physics of very dense matter in neutron star interiors, plasma physics and quantum electrodynamics of magnetospheres, and the relativistic magneto-hydrodynamics of electron-positron pulsar winds interacting with some ambient medium. Not to mention the test bed neutron stars provide for general relativity theories, and their importance as potential sources of gravitational waves. It is this variety of disciplines which, among others, makes neutron star research so fascinating, not only for those who have been working in the field for many years but also for students and young scientists. The aim of this book is to serve as a reference work which not only reviews the progress made since the early days of pulsar astronomy, but especially focuses on questions such as: "What have we learned about the subject and how did we learn it?", "What are the most important open questions in this area?" and "What new tools, telescopes, observations, and calculations are needed to answer these questions?". All authors who have contributed to this book have devoted a significant part of their scientific careers to exploring the nature of neutron stars and understanding pulsars. Everyone has paid special attention to writing educational comprehensive review articles with the needs of beginners, students and young scientists as potential readers in mind. This book will be a valuable source of information for these groups.

The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources

Author : Josep M. Paredes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140206117X
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources by : Josep M. Paredes

Download or read book The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources written by Josep M. Paredes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a theoretical and observational overview of the state of the art of gamma-ray astrophysics, and their impact and connection with the physics of cosmic rays and neutrinos. With the aim of shedding new and fresh light on the problem of the nature of the gamma-ray sources, particularly those yet unidentified, this book summarizes contributions to a workshop that continues today.

The Search For Pulsar Wind Nebulae in the Very High Energy Gamma-ray Regime

Author : Dominic Robert Keogh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis The Search For Pulsar Wind Nebulae in the Very High Energy Gamma-ray Regime by : Dominic Robert Keogh

Download or read book The Search For Pulsar Wind Nebulae in the Very High Energy Gamma-ray Regime written by Dominic Robert Keogh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Thesis is to study the development of pulsar wind nebulae in the TeV regime and in doing so uncover more sources which have as yet not been observed at these wavelengths. It is found that the extent of pulsar wind nebula in the TeV gamma-ray increases with its age while no developmental relationship is seen concerning the luminosity or spectral index of the nebulae when observed in the TeV gamma-ray regime due to uncertainties in the measurements available. TeV gamma-ray upper limits are calculated for several nebulae observed in the X-ray regime allowing the strength of their magnetic fields to be constrained but only one new source, which was previously confused with its companion, was discovered, the Eel Nebula. Predictions of the fluxes of many of the sources for which upper limits are derived in this work have been calculated from observations of their emission in X-rays and some of these sources should be uncovered with the next generation CTA instrument.

New High-energy Results on Supernova Remnants and Pulsar Wind Nebulae

Author : Jacco Vink
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis New High-energy Results on Supernova Remnants and Pulsar Wind Nebulae by : Jacco Vink

Download or read book New High-energy Results on Supernova Remnants and Pulsar Wind Nebulae written by Jacco Vink and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Science With The Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author : The Cta Consortium
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813270101
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Science With The Cherenkov Telescope Array by : The Cta Consortium

Download or read book Science With The Cherenkov Telescope Array written by The Cta Consortium and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the science to be carried out by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, a major ground-based gamma-ray observatory that will be constructed over the next six to eight years. The major scientific themes, as well as core program of key science projects, have been developed by the CTA Consortium, a collaboration of scientists from many institutions worldwide.CTA will be the major facility in high-energy and very high-energy photon astronomy over the next decade and beyond. CTA will have capabilities well beyond past and present observatories. Thus, CTA's science program is expected to be rich and broad and will complement other major multiwavelength and multimessenger facilities. This book is intended to be the primary resource for the science case for CTA and it thus will be of great interest to the broader physics and astronomy communities. The electronic version (e-book) is available in open access.