Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Invertebrate Learning And Memory
Download Invertebrate Learning And Memory full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Invertebrate Learning And Memory ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Randolf Menzel
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Randolf Menzel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity. Many important discoveries made in invertebrates have been found to be generally applicable to higher organisms, and the overarching theme of the proposed will be to integrate information from different levels of neural organization to help generate a complete account of learning and memory. Edited by two leaders in the field, Invertebrate Learning and Memory will offer a current and comprehensive review, with chapters authored by experts in each topic. The volume will take a multidisciplinary approach, exploring behavioral, cellular, genetic, molecular, and computational investigations of memory. Coverage will include comparative cognition at the behavioral and mechanistic level, developments in concepts and methodologies that will underlie future advancements, and mechanistic examples from the most important vertebrate systems (nematodes, molluscs, and insects). Neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the neural control of cognitive behavior will benefit, as will as will those in the field of invertebrate learning. Presents an overview of invertebrate studies at the molecular / cellular / neural levels and correlates findings to mammalian behavioral investigations Linking multidisciplinary approaches allows for full understanding of how molecular changes in neurons and circuits underpin behavioral plasticity Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for comparative learning and memory researchers
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Martin Giurfa
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Martin Giurfa and published by Frontiers Open Access E-books. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Martin Giurfa
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Martin Giurfa and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of insects transcends elementary forms of adaptive responding to environmental changes. We discuss examples of exploration, instrumental and observational learning, expectation, learning in a social context, and planning of future actions. We show that learning about sensory cues allows insects to transfer flexibly their responses to novel stimuli attaining thereby different levels of complexity, from basic generalization to categorization and concept learning consistent with rule extraction. We argue that updating of existing memories requires multiple forms of memory processing. A key element in these processes is working memory, an active form of memory considered to allow evaluation of actions on the basis of expected outcome. We discuss which of these cognitive faculties can be traced to specific neural processes and how they relate to the overall organization of the insect brain.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Randolf Menzel
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Randolf Menzel and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1984, Hawkins and Kandel published a seminal paper titled “Is There a Cell-Biological Alphabet for Simple Forms of Learning?” Based on their early findings of the cooperative regulation of adenylyl cyclase in sensory neurons of Aplysia, an overarching concept was presented which opened our mind to molecular mechanisms of experience-dependent neural plasticity. Several basic forms of nonassociative and associative learning (habituation, sensitization, and classical conditioning) were explained on the level of rather simple molecular reaction cascades in specific neurons. At that time, these were radical ideas, and even today we struggle with the question whether cognitive faculties such as learning and memory formation can be reduced to ubiquitous cellular functions, and what such a reduction might mean. The concepts presented in this paper were also radical in the sense that they broke with the speculation that the information of acquired memories is stored in molecules like RNA. Meanwhile, it is well accepted in neuroscience that neural circuits acquire new information by changing network properties on the level of specified neurons and their synaptic connections. Multiple key elements contribute to these adaptations, and it is the task of today’s neuroscience to unravel the complex hierarchies of interactions from the molecular to the systems level in solving the problem of predicting future behavior from experience in the past.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Randolf Menzel
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Randolf Menzel and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the engram, the memory trace that stores the content of memory? Here, I argue that the engram is more than just the sum of all learning-related neural changes. Rather, it is an integrated part of the whole nervous system, from sensory integration to interneuron processing and motor control. Emphasis is given to those neural processing components that do not express themselves in the behavior of the animal. To date, the search for the olfactory engram in the bee brain has focused on network properties in the antennal lobe (AL), the input and output regions of the mushroom body region (calyx), the mushroom body extrinsic neurons, and the reward pathway. I conclude that the olfactory memory trace in the AL relates predominantly to attention-generating properties. The memory trace in the calyx is characterized by the high-order combinatorial integration of multiple sensory inputs. Mushroom body extrinsic neurons are tentatively related to multiple processing categories that represent the acquired values (e.g., favorable conditions and to be avoided condition) and provide neural commands for goal-directed behavior and decision making. The system of VUM neurons stores appetitive memory related to appetitive internal states and controls nonassociative and associative memories. A model is presented that aims to capture the multifaceted and distributed nature of the engram and may help to guide our future search of the engram at a systems level.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : David L. Glanzman
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by David L. Glanzman and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The marine snail Aplysia californica exhibits a simple defensive withdrawal reflex that can undergo several forms of learning. In particular, the reflex can exhibit long-term sensitization (LTS), a form of nonassociative memory. LTS is mediated by long-term facilitation (LTF) of the monosynaptic connection between the sensory and motor neurons that mediate the withdrawal reflex. LTS and LTF represent one of the best understood model systems of long-term memory extent. Furthermore, discoveries from work on this system have provided fundamental insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate the induction and maintenance of long-term memory. This chapter reviews this work; it concludes with a discussion of recent studies of the role of protein kinase M in the persistence of the long-term memory and of memory reconsolidation in Aplysia. It is suggested that the study of LTS and LTF can provide important mechanistic information on these two intriguing memory phenomena.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Nigel R. Franks
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Nigel R. Franks and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider issues of social learning in insect societies. Specifically, we review two controversial cases: (1) teaching during tandem running in the rock ant Temnothorax albipennis and (2) colony-level learning during repeated emigrations in the same species. We have selected these examples for several reasons. First, we wish to highlight the value of using insects as model systems for studying social learning in general. Second, these cases serve as an antidote to the notion that social learning requires theories of mind. Third, social insects provide ideal experimental systems for the rigorous examination of the causes and consequences of social learning. We believe our findings and conclusions are important to those interested in social learning in humans, other vertebrates, and invertebrates because they may suggest that in these systems too social learning can occur in the absence of theories of mind.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : M. Heisenberg
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by M. Heisenberg and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals owe much of their fitness to their behavior. They often have a large behavioral repertoire that they have to manage. For this, they need their brain. Using Drosophila as the study case, this chapter depicts animals as autonomous agents and the brain as a behavioral organizer. Behavior is active. It is generated for its consequences. It serves to change or restore the animal’s condition, with no guarantee for improvement. There are two kinds of activity—reactivity and initiating activity. If in a special situation, the animal’s repertoire contains a behavior with sufficiently positive inferred outcome and this is activated, it is called a reaction. Most situations, however, provide no special cues for which reactions would be available. Animals do not have to wait. They can activate behaviors ‘by themselves,’ in search of one with positive outcome.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Douglas A. Baxter
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Douglas A. Baxter and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical models and computer simulations play important roles in developing a better understanding of learning and memory mechanisms. Models provide a means for representing, integrating, and manipulating diverse and complex empirical data. This chapter provides an overview of computational studies of learning and memory in invertebrates, including gene regulatory networks, signal transduction cascades, single neurons, and neural networks. These computational studies are helping to link specific component processes (e.g., changes in protein levels and phosphorylation, modulation of membrane conductances, synaptic plasticity, and network architecture) to features of nonassociative and associative learning. Moreover, these computational studies highlight mechanistic features that are common among different animals and common to multiple forms of learning and memory. Thus, computational analyses provide insights into the relationships among simple and complex forms of learning.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Ludovic Dickel
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Ludovic Dickel and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter summarizes the literature on the anatomical and functional organization of the cuttlefish brain, with a focus on the structures involved in learning and memory processes (namely the vertical lobe system and optic lobes). Also, different learning paradigms that are commonly used in Sepia officinalis are described with, when possible, their neural correlates. Recent work on the early development of brain and memory is also reviewed. Some research directions to follow in the field of neurobiology of learning and memory in cuttlefish are suggested to better understand the extraordinary behavioral plasticity of these sophisticated invertebrates.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Barbara Webb
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Barbara Webb and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A robot that senses and interacts autonomously with the real world can be used to embody specific hypotheses about the mechanisms of learning in invertebrates. Several models of olfactory learning circuits in the mushroom body of flies have been proposed. To use this to control a robot, it is crucial to understand not only when and how changes in synaptic strength occur but also how those synaptic changes fit within a circuit that produces ongoing behavior. Considering this problem from a robotic perspective reveals some conflicting assumptions made in current research that need to be resolved.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Andrea H. McEwan
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Andrea H. McEwan and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its apparent simplicity, the soil-dwelling nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a surprisingly large capacity to learn and remember. Previous characterization of C. elegans genome and neuronal circuit makes this worm an ideal choice for studying behavior and the mechanisms that underlie it. Through careful behavioral and genetic studies, nematodes have been shown to form both short-term and long-term memory in associative and nonassociative training paradigms. Investigations of mechanosensory habituation and context-dependent learning in C. elegans have uncovered important similarities between learning in C. elegans and learning in vertebrates. These results include the discovery of common behavioral features in nonassociative learning between C. elegans and other organisms along with the identification of conserved genes that govern both nonassociative and associative learning. High-throughput studies have identified hundreds of genes implicated in memory and will potentially lead to insights into the fundamental strategies for encoding memory.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Aike Guo
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Aike Guo and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learning and memory are intensively studied topics in modern brain and cognitive science. Drosophila has been used in the study of visual learning and memory for approximately the past 20 years. In this chapter, we discuss the architecture and function of fruit fly’s visual system, which provides it with the sensory and neural substrate for color, motion, and shape vision. We then discuss visual learning, visual memory, invariant pattern recognition, selective attention, choice behavior, context generalization, spatial learning, habit formation, cross-modal memory transform, and synergism. Finally, we address the issues of collective learning and social decision making.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Alan Gelperin
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Alan Gelperin and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrestrial slugs and snails are particularly favorable subjects for studies of comparative cognition. Chemosensation is their dominant distance sense for locating food, mates, predators, and nest sites. A variety of conditioning phenomena have been demonstrated using odors as conditioned stimuli, including higher order conditioning such as second-order conditioning and blocking. Learning has been evaluated by measuring local reflexes and whole body orientation to odors. Behaviors with learned components involve homeostatic mechanisms for water, temperature, nutrition, and circadian activity. Cellular substrates and neural correlates for plasticity in odor processing have focused on a unique brain region, the procerebral lobe, which is necessary and sufficient for learning about odor stimuli. The rich set of learning phenomena displayed by terrestrial slugs and snails emphasize the importance of seeking evidence for complex cognitive tasks by asking experimental questions appropriate to the Ümwelt of the animal. In general, invertebrates can implement most vertebrate learned logic operations.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Stevanus Rio Tedjakumala
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Stevanus Rio Tedjakumala and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on learning and memory in honeybees have been historically framed in an appetitive context because bees learn remarkably well about sensory stimuli if these are associated with food. We review studies in which bees learn about olfactory stimuli associated with the noxious stimulation of an electric shock. In response to such stimulation, bees exhibit a sting extension response (SER). Pairing a neutral odor with shock results in associative learning so that bees exhibit conditioned SER to the originally neutral stimulus and avoid afterwards that stimulus when given the possibility of moving away from it. SER conditioning leads to long-term memory formation, which depends on transcription and translation. Aversive reinforcement properties are mediated by dopamine, and a rich network of dopaminergic neurons exists in the bee brain. Taken together, these studies open new research avenues to understand how bees learn about aversive events in their environment.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Dorothea Eisenhardt
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Dorothea Eisenhardt and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavioral phenomenon of extinction resembles the decrease of a conditioned behavior when animals experience the presentation of a previously reinforced stimulus. In honeybees, extinction is studied in an appetitive learning paradigm, the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response. Here, I describe recent work on extinction in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and its underlying molecular mechanisms. I demonstrate that extinction in honeybees shares behavioral and molecular similarities with extinction in vertebrates, and I discuss whether these similarities might indicate that extinction is a phylogenetically old mechanism.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Binyamin Hochner
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Binyamin Hochner and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cephalopod mollusks such as octopus, cuttlefish, and squid (coleoids) are of special interest for studying the evolution and function of learning and memory mechanisms at the system level. They are believed to have the most advanced cognitive behaviors of all invertebrates, rivaling the abilities of many vertebrates. The phylum Mollusca shows the most diversified range of behavioral complexity among the invertebrates, with behavioral complexity correlating roughly with the size of the nervous system (a few thousand vs. half a billion neurons) and its morphological organization (centralized vs. distributed). The mollusks therefore provide an excellent opportunity for assessing conservation and convergent processes in the evolution and development of learning and memory systems subserving complex behaviors. The pioneering work of J. Z. Young, M. J. Wells, and colleagues confirmed that a specific structure in the brain of the modern cephalopods, the vertical lobe, is involved in their highly sophisticated behaviors. This chapter summarizes recent neurophysiological research in the octopus and cuttlefish vertical lobe system that, for the first time, allows a functional and computational approach to the evolution of learning and memory systems.
