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Introduction To Small Area Estimation Techniques
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Book Synopsis Introduction to Small Area Estimation Techniques by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Introduction to Small Area Estimation Techniques written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide to small area estimation aims to help users compile more reliable granular or disaggregated data in cost-effective ways. It explains small area estimation techniques with examples of how the easily accessible R analytical platform can be used to implement them, particularly to estimate indicators on poverty, employment, and health outcomes. The guide is intended for staff of national statistics offices and for other development practitioners. It aims to help them to develop and implement targeted socioeconomic policies to ensure that the vulnerable segments of societies are not left behind, and to monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals.
Book Synopsis Small Area Estimation by : J. N. K. Rao
Download or read book Small Area Estimation written by J. N. K. Rao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-02-25 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible introduction to indirect estimation methods, both traditional and model-based. Readers will also find the latest methods for measuring the variability of the estimates as well as the techniques for model validation. Uses a basic area-level linear model to illustrate the methods Presents the various extensions including binary response data through generalized linear models and time series data through linear models that combine cross-sectional and time series features Provides recent applications of SAE including several in U.S. Federal programs Offers a comprehensive discussion of the design issues that impact SAE
Book Synopsis Small Area Estimation by : J. N. K. Rao
Download or read book Small Area Estimation written by J. N. K. Rao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the First Edition "This pioneering work, in which Rao provides a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of small area estimation, will become a classic...I believe that it has the potential to turn small area estimation...into a larger area of importance to both researchers and practitioners." —Journal of the American Statistical Association Written by two experts in the field, Small Area Estimation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the methods and theory of small area estimation (SAE), particularly indirect estimation based on explicit small area linking models. The model-based approach to small area estimation offers several advantages including increased precision, the derivation of "optimal" estimates and associated measures of variability under an assumed model, and the validation of models from the sample data. Emphasizing real data throughout, the Second Edition maintains a self-contained account of crucial theoretical and methodological developments in the field of SAE. The new edition provides extensive accounts of new and updated research, which often involves complex theory to handle model misspecifications and other complexities. Including information on survey design issues and traditional methods employing indirect estimates based on implicit linking models, Small Area Estimation, Second Edition also features: Additional sections describing the use of R code data sets for readers to use when replicating applications Numerous examples of SAE applications throughout each chapter, including recent applications in U.S. Federal programs New topical coverage on extended design issues, synthetic estimation, further refinements and solutions to the Fay-Herriot area level model, basic unit level models, and spatial and time series models A discussion of the advantages and limitations of various SAE methods for model selection from data as well as comparisons of estimates derived from models to reliable values obtained from external sources, such as previous census or administrative data Small Area Estimation, Second Edition is an excellent reference for practicing statisticians and survey methodologists as well as practitioners interested in learning SAE methods. The Second Edition is also an ideal textbook for graduate-level courses in SAE and reliable small area statistics.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation by : Monica Pratesi
Download or read book Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation written by Monica Pratesi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to implementing SAE methods for poverty studies and poverty mapping There is an increasingly urgent demand for poverty and living conditions data, in relation to local areas and/or subpopulations. Policy makers and stakeholders need indicators and maps of poverty and living conditions in order to formulate and implement policies, (re)distribute resources, and measure the effect of local policy actions. Small Area Estimation (SAE) plays a crucial role in producing statistically sound estimates for poverty mapping. This book offers a comprehensive source of information regarding the use of SAE methods adapted to these distinctive features of poverty data derived from surveys and administrative archives. The book covers the definition of poverty indicators, data collection and integration methods, the impact of sampling design, weighting and variance estimation, the issue of SAE modelling and robustness, the spatio-temporal modelling of poverty, and the SAE of the distribution function of income and inequalities. Examples of data analyses and applications are provided, and the book is supported by a website describing scripts written in SAS or R software, which accompany the majority of the presented methods. Key features: Presents a comprehensive review of SAE methods for poverty mapping Demonstrates the applications of SAE methods using real-life case studies Offers guidance on the use of routines and choice of websites from which to download them Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation offers an introduction to advanced techniques from both a practical and a methodological perspective, and will prove an invaluable resource for researchers actively engaged in organizing, managing and conducting studies on poverty.
Book Synopsis Small Area Estimation and Microsimulation Modeling by : Azizur Rahman
Download or read book Small Area Estimation and Microsimulation Modeling written by Azizur Rahman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small Area Estimation and Microsimulation Modeling is the first practical handbook that comprehensively presents modern statistical SAE methods in the framework of ultramodern spatial microsimulation modeling while providing the novel approach of creating synthetic spatial microdata. Along with describing the necessary theories and their advantages and limitations, the authors illustrate the practical application of the techniques to a large number of substantive problems, including how to build up models, organize and link data, create synthetic microdata, conduct analyses, yield informative tables and graphs, and evaluate how the findings effectively support the decision making processes in government and non-government organizations. Features Covers both theoretical and applied aspects for real-world comparative research and regional statistics production Thoroughly explains how microsimulation modeling technology can be constructed using available datasets for reliable small area statistics Provides SAS codes that allow readers to utilize these latest technologies in their own work. This book is designed for advanced graduate students, academics, professionals and applied practitioners who are generally interested in small area estimation and/or microsimulation modeling and dealing with vital issues in social and behavioural sciences, applied economics and policy analysis, government and/or social statistics, health sciences, business, psychology, environmental and agriculture modeling, computational statistics and data simulation, spatial statistics, transport and urban planning, and geospatial modeling. Dr Azizur Rahman is a Senior Lecturer in Statistics and convenor of the Graduate Program in Applied Statistics at the Charles Sturt University, and an Adjunct Associate Professor of Public Health and Biostatistics at the University of Canberra. His research encompasses small area estimation, applied economics, microsimulation modeling, Bayesian inference and public health. He has more than 60 scholarly publications including two books. Dr. Rahman’s research is funded by the Australian Federal and State Governments, and he serves on a range of editorial boards including the International Journal of Microsimulation (IJM). Professor Ann Harding, AO is an Emeritus Professor of Applied Economics and Social Policy at the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM) of the University of Canberra. She was the founder and inaugural Director of this world class Research Centre for more than sixteen years, and also a co-founder of the International Microsimulation Association (IMA) and served as the inaugural elected president of IMA from 2004 to 2011. She is a fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia. She has more than 300 publications including several books in microsimulation modeling.
Book Synopsis National Patterns of R&D Resources by : National Research Council
Download or read book National Patterns of R&D Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-08-09 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National Patterns of R&D Resources is an annual report issued by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) of the National Science Foundation, which provides a national view of current 'patterns' in funding of R&D activities in government, industry, academia, federally funded research and development centers, and non-profits. Total R&D funds are broken out at the national level by type of provider, type of recipient, and whether the R&D is basic, applied, or developmental. These patterns are compared both longitudinally versus historical R&D amounts, and internationally. This report series, which is based on input from several censuses and surveys, is used to formulate policies that, e.g., might increase incentives to support different types, sources, or recipients of R&D than is currently the case. To communicate these R&D patterns, each report is composed of a set of tabulations of national R&D disaggregated by type of donor, type of recipient, and type of R&D. While this satisfies many key user groups, the question was whether some modifications of the report could attract a wider user community and at the same time provide more useful information for current users. National Patterns of R&D Resources: Future Directions for Content and Methods addresses the following questions: (1) what additional topics and tabulations could be presented without modifying the current portfolio of R&D censuses and surveys, (2) what additional topics and tabulations might be presented by expanding these current data collections, (3) what could be done to enhance international comparability of the tabulations, (4) since much of the information on non-profit R&D providers and recipients is estimated from 15 year-old data, what impact might this be having on the quality of the associated National Patterns tabulations, (5) what statistical models could be used to support the issuance R&D estimates at state-level and geographic regions below the national level, (6) what use could be made from the recent development of administrative sources of R&D information, and finally, (7) what graphical tools could be added to the current tabulations to enhance the communication of R&D patterns to the users of this series of publications.
Book Synopsis Missing Data and Small-Area Estimation by : Nicholas T. Longford
Download or read book Missing Data and Small-Area Estimation written by Nicholas T. Longford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-24 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evolved from lectures, courses and workshops on missing data and small-area estimation that I presented during my tenure as the ?rst C- pion Fellow (2000–2002). For the Fellowship I proposed these two topics as areas in which the academic statistics could contribute to the development of government statistics, in exchange for access to the operational details and background that would inform the direction and sharpen the focus of a- demic research. After a few years of involvement, I have come to realise that the separation of ‘academic’ and ‘industrial’ statistics is not well suited to either party, and their integration is the key to progress in both branches. Most of the work on this monograph was done while I was a visiting l- turer at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. The hospitality and stimulating academic environment of their Institute of Information S- ence and Technology is gratefully acknowledged. I could not name all those who commented on my lecture notes and on the presentations themselves; apart from them, I want to thank the organisers and silent attendees of all the events, and, with a modicum of reluctance, the ‘grey ?gures’ who kept inquiring whether I was any nearer the completion of whatever stage I had been foolish enough to attach a date.
Book Synopsis Administrative Records for Survey Methodology by : Asaph Young Chun
Download or read book Administrative Records for Survey Methodology written by Asaph Young Chun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS FOR SURVEY METHODOLOGY Addresses the international use of administrative records for large-scale surveys, censuses, and other statistical purposes Administrative Records for Survey Methodology is a comprehensive guide to improving the quality, cost-efficiency, and interpretability of surveys and censuses using administrative data research. Contributions from a team of internationally-recognized experts provide practical approaches for integrating administrative data in statistical surveys, and discuss the methodological issues—including concerns of privacy, confidentiality, and legality—involved in collecting and analyzing administrative records. Numerous real-world examples highlight technological and statistical innovations, helping readers gain a better understanding of both fundamental methods and advanced techniques for controlling data quality reducing total survey error. Divided into four sections, the first describes the basics of administrative records research and addresses disclosure limitation and confidentiality protection in linked data. Section two focuses on data quality and linking methodology, covering topics such as quality evaluation, measuring and controlling for non-consent bias, and cleaning and using administrative lists. The third section examines the use of administrative records in surveys and includes case studies of the Swedish register-based census and the administrative records applications used for the US 2020 Census. The book’s final section discusses combining administrative and survey data to improve income measurement, enhancing health surveys with data linkage, and other uses of administrative data in evidence-based policymaking. This state-of-the-art resource: Discusses important administrative data issues and suggests how administrative data can be integrated with more traditional surveys Describes practical uses of administrative records for evidence-driven decisions in both public and private sectors Emphasizes using interdisciplinary methodology and linking administrative records with other data sources Explores techniques to leverage administrative data to improve the survey frame, reduce nonresponse follow-up, assess coverage error, measure linkage non-consent bias, and perform small area estimation. Administrative Records for Survey Methodology is an indispensable reference and guide for statistical researchers and methodologists in academia, industry, and government, particularly census bureaus and national statistical offices, and an ideal supplemental text for undergraduate and graduate courses in data science, survey methodology, data collection, and data analysis methods.
Book Synopsis Hierarchical Modeling and Inference in Ecology by : J. Andrew Royle
Download or read book Hierarchical Modeling and Inference in Ecology written by J. Andrew Royle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-15 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to data collection, modeling and inference strategies for biological survey data using Bayesian and classical statistical methods. This book describes a general and flexible framework for modeling and inference in ecological systems based on hierarchical models, with a strict focus on the use of probability models and parametric inference. Hierarchical models represent a paradigm shift in the application of statistics to ecological inference problems because they combine explicit models of ecological system structure or dynamics with models of how ecological systems are observed. The principles of hierarchical modeling are developed and applied to problems in population, metapopulation, community, and metacommunity systems. The book provides the first synthetic treatment of many recent methodological advances in ecological modeling and unifies disparate methods and procedures. The authors apply principles of hierarchical modeling to ecological problems, including * occurrence or occupancy models for estimating species distribution * abundance models based on many sampling protocols, including distance sampling * capture-recapture models with individual effects * spatial capture-recapture models based on camera trapping and related methods * population and metapopulation dynamic models * models of biodiversity, community structure and dynamics * Wide variety of examples involving many taxa (birds, amphibians, mammals, insects, plants) * Development of classical, likelihood-based procedures for inference, as well as Bayesian methods of analysis * Detailed explanations describing the implementation of hierarchical models using freely available software such as R and WinBUGS * Computing support in technical appendices in an online companion web site
Book Synopsis Spatial Microsimulation: A Reference Guide for Users by : Robert Tanton
Download or read book Spatial Microsimulation: A Reference Guide for Users written by Robert Tanton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a practical guide on how to design, create and validate a spatial microsimulation model. These models are becoming more popular as academics and policy makers recognise the value of place in research and policy making. Recent spatial microsimulation models have been used to analyse health and social disadvantage for small areas; and to look at the effect of policy change for small areas. This provides a powerful analysis tool for researchers and policy makers. This book covers preparing the data for spatial microsimulation; a number of methods for both static and dynamic spatial microsimulation models; validation of the models to ensure the outputs are reasonable; and the future of spatial microsimulation. The book will be an essential handbook for any researcher or policy maker looking to design and create a spatial microsimulation model. This book will also be useful to those policy makers who are commissioning a spatial microsimulation model, or looking to commission work using a spatial microsimulation model, as it provides information on the different methods in a non-technical way.
Book Synopsis Small Area Estimation by : J. N. K. Rao
Download or read book Small Area Estimation written by J. N. K. Rao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-24 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the First Edition "This pioneering work, in which Rao provides a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of small area estimation, will become a classic...I believe that it has the potential to turn small area estimation...into a larger area of importance to both researchers and practitioners." —Journal of the American Statistical Association Written by two experts in the field, Small Area Estimation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the methods and theory of small area estimation (SAE), particularly indirect estimation based on explicit small area linking models. The model-based approach to small area estimation offers several advantages including increased precision, the derivation of "optimal" estimates and associated measures of variability under an assumed model, and the validation of models from the sample data. Emphasizing real data throughout, the Second Edition maintains a self-contained account of crucial theoretical and methodological developments in the field of SAE. The new edition provides extensive accounts of new and updated research, which often involves complex theory to handle model misspecifications and other complexities. Including information on survey design issues and traditional methods employing indirect estimates based on implicit linking models, Small Area Estimation, Second Edition also features: Additional sections describing the use of R code data sets for readers to use when replicating applications Numerous examples of SAE applications throughout each chapter, including recent applications in U.S. Federal programs New topical coverage on extended design issues, synthetic estimation, further refinements and solutions to the Fay-Herriot area level model, basic unit level models, and spatial and time series models A discussion of the advantages and limitations of various SAE methods for model selection from data as well as comparisons of estimates derived from models to reliable values obtained from external sources, such as previous census or administrative data Small Area Estimation, Second Edition is an excellent reference for practicing statisticians and survey methodologists as well as practitioners interested in learning SAE methods. The Second Edition is also an ideal textbook for graduate-level courses in SAE and reliable small area statistics.
Book Synopsis Big Data Meets Survey Science by : Craig A. Hill
Download or read book Big Data Meets Survey Science written by Craig A. Hill and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a clear view of the utility and place for survey data within the broader Big Data ecosystem This book presents a collection of snapshots from two sides of the Big Data perspective. It assembles an array of tangible tools, methods, and approaches that illustrate how Big Data sources and methods are being used in the survey and social sciences to improve official statistics and estimates for human populations. It also provides examples of how survey data are being used to evaluate and improve the quality of insights derived from Big Data. Big Data Meets Survey Science: A Collection of Innovative Methods shows how survey data and Big Data are used together for the benefit of one or more sources of data, with numerous chapters providing consistent illustrations and examples of survey data enriching the evaluation of Big Data sources. Examples of how machine learning, data mining, and other data science techniques are inserted into virtually every stage of the survey lifecycle are presented. Topics covered include: Total Error Frameworks for Found Data; Performance and Sensitivities of Home Detection on Mobile Phone Data; Assessing Community Wellbeing Using Google Street View and Satellite Imagery; Using Surveys to Build and Assess RBS Religious Flag; and more. Presents groundbreaking survey methods being utilized today in the field of Big Data Explores how machine learning methods can be applied to the design, collection, and analysis of social science data Filled with examples and illustrations that show how survey data benefits Big Data evaluation Covers methods and applications used in combining Big Data with survey statistics Examines regulations as well as ethical and privacy issues Big Data Meets Survey Science: A Collection of Innovative Methods is an excellent book for both the survey and social science communities as they learn to capitalize on this new revolution. It will also appeal to the broader data and computer science communities looking for new areas of application for emerging methods and data sources.
Book Synopsis Small Area Estimation in Survey Sampling by : Parimal Mukhopadhyay
Download or read book Small Area Estimation in Survey Sampling written by Parimal Mukhopadhyay and published by Alpha Science International, Limited. This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a systematic exposition of the problems and procedures in producing statistics for small areas (districts, subdivisions, municipal areas; batches of industrial products) which have been lying scattered over different journals over the last three decades. The motivations of the different procedures have been explained, the promising results have been emphasized and the new research areas are indicated. The manner of exposition has been tried to be made lucid. The book will generate further interest in the area and would be helpful to the researchers and the survey statisticians working in this field.
Book Synopsis Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, second edition by : Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
Download or read book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, second edition written by Jeffrey M. Wooldridge and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 1095 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of a comprehensive state-of-the-art graduate level text on microeconometric methods, substantially revised and updated. The second edition of this acclaimed graduate text provides a unified treatment of two methods used in contemporary econometric research, cross section and data panel methods. By focusing on assumptions that can be given behavioral content, the book maintains an appropriate level of rigor while emphasizing intuitive thinking. The analysis covers both linear and nonlinear models, including models with dynamics and/or individual heterogeneity. In addition to general estimation frameworks (particular methods of moments and maximum likelihood), specific linear and nonlinear methods are covered in detail, including probit and logit models and their multivariate, Tobit models, models for count data, censored and missing data schemes, causal (or treatment) effects, and duration analysis. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data was the first graduate econometrics text to focus on microeconomic data structures, allowing assumptions to be separated into population and sampling assumptions. This second edition has been substantially updated and revised. Improvements include a broader class of models for missing data problems; more detailed treatment of cluster problems, an important topic for empirical researchers; expanded discussion of "generalized instrumental variables" (GIV) estimation; new coverage (based on the author's own recent research) of inverse probability weighting; a more complete framework for estimating treatment effects with panel data, and a firmly established link between econometric approaches to nonlinear panel data and the "generalized estimating equation" literature popular in statistics and other fields. New attention is given to explaining when particular econometric methods can be applied; the goal is not only to tell readers what does work, but why certain "obvious" procedures do not. The numerous included exercises, both theoretical and computer-based, allow the reader to extend methods covered in the text and discover new insights.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309469163 Total Pages :213 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Measuring the 21st Century Science and Engineering Workforce Population by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Measuring the 21st Century Science and Engineering Workforce Population written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Science Foundation's National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), one of the nation's principal statistical agencies, is charged to collect, acquire, analyze, report, and disseminate statistical data related to the science and engineering enterprise in the United States and other nations that is relevant and useful to practitioners, researchers, policymakers, and to the public. NCSES data, based primarily on several flagship surveys, have become the major evidence base for American science and technology policy, and the agency is well respected globally for these data. This report assesses and provides guidance on NCSES's approach to measuring the science and engineering workforce population in the United States. It also proposes a framework for measuring the science and engineering workforce in the next decade and beyond, with flexibility to examine emerging issues related to this unique population while at the same time allowing for stability in the estimation of key trends
Book Synopsis Advances in Longitudinal Survey Methodology by : Peter Lynn
Download or read book Advances in Longitudinal Survey Methodology written by Peter Lynn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Longitudinal Survey Methodology Explore an up-to-date overview of best practices in the implementation of longitudinal surveys from leading experts in the field of survey methodology Advances in Longitudinal Survey Methodology delivers a thorough review of the most current knowledge in the implementation of longitudinal surveys. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the many advances that have been made in the field of longitudinal survey methodology over the past fifteen years, as well as extending the topic coverage of the earlier volume, “Methodology of Longitudinal Surveys”, published in 2009. This new edited volume covers subjects like dependent interviewing, interviewer effects, panel conditioning, rotation group bias, measurement of cognition, and weighting. New chapters discussing the recent shift to mixed-mode data collection and obtaining respondents’ consent to data linkage add to the book’s relevance to students and social scientists seeking to understand modern challenges facing data collectors today. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to refreshment sampling for longitudinal surveys, including consideration of principles, sampling frame, sample design, questionnaire design, and frequency An exploration of the collection of biomarker data in longitudinal surveys, including detailed measurements of ill health, biological pathways, and genetics in longitudinal studies An examination of innovations in participant engagement and tracking in longitudinal surveys, including current practices and new evidence on internet and social media for participant engagement. An invaluable source for post-graduate students, professors, and researchers in the field of survey methodology, Advances in Longitudinal Survey Methodology will also earn a place in the libraries of anyone who regularly works with or conducts longitudinal surveys and requires a one-stop reference for the latest developments and findings in the field.
Book Synopsis Mixed-Effects Models and Small Area Estimation by : Shonosuke Sugasawa
Download or read book Mixed-Effects Models and Small Area Estimation written by Shonosuke Sugasawa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a self-contained introduction of mixed-effects models and small area estimation techniques. In particular, it focuses on both introducing classical theory and reviewing the latest methods. First, basic issues of mixed-effects models, such as parameter estimation, random effects prediction, variable selection, and asymptotic theory, are introduced. Standard mixed-effects models used in small area estimation, known as the Fay-Herriot model and the nested error regression model, are then introduced. Both frequentist and Bayesian approaches are given to compute predictors of small area parameters of interest. For measuring uncertainty of the predictors, several methods to calculate mean squared errors and confidence intervals are discussed. Various advanced approaches using mixed-effects models are introduced, from frequentist to Bayesian approaches. This book is helpful for researchers and graduate students in fields requiring data analysis skills as well as in mathematical statistics.
