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Download or read book Introducing the Euro as Legal Tender - Benefits and Costs of Eurorization for Cape Verde written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Patrick A. Imam
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
ISBN 13 : 9781451872934
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (729 download)
Download or read book Introducing the Euro as Legal Tender - Benefits and Costs of Eurorization for Cape Verde written by Patrick A. Imam and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, recommendations for countries to unilaterally dollarize/eurorize have become common, particularly when the countries lack economic credibility. After exploring the characteristics of dollarizing/eurorizing economies, we look at the merits and costs of unilateral eurorization for Cape Verde, a highly tourism based economy that has become increasingly integrated into the euro-zone area and that has a strong macroeconomic track record. We illustrate that neither the benefits nor the costs of unilateral eurorization are large and conclude that there is no compelling case to change the current exchange rate arrangement at this point in time. Econometrically, we assess the characteristics of dollarized economies and demonstrate that few of them apply to Cape Verde, further confirming that Cape Verde does not fit the pattern of most dollarizing countries.
Author : Patrick A. Imam
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451962002
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Exchange Rate Choices of Microstates written by Patrick A. Imam and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we first explain why most microstates (countries with less than 2 million inhabitants) have gained independence only in the last 30 years. Despite the higher costs and risks microstates face, their ability to better accommodate local preferences combined with a more integrated world economy probably explains why the benefits of independence have risen. We explain why microstates at independence have chosen either dollarization, currency board arrangements, or fixed exchange rates rather than more flexible forms of exchange rate systems. We then, using the Geweke-Hajvassiliou-Keane multivariate normal simulator, model empirically the determinants of each of the different fixed exchange rate regimes in microstates and analyze the policy implications.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 161635125X
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (163 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2011, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-10-26 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year looks set to be another encouraging one for most sub-Saharan African economies. Reflecting mainly strong demand but also elevated commodity prices, the region's economy is set to expand by more than 51⁄4 percent in 2011. For 2012, the IMF staff's baseline projection is for growth to be higher at 53⁄4 percent, owing to one-off boosts to production in a number of countries. There are, however, specters at the feast: the increase in global food and fuel prices, amplified by drought affecting parts of the region, has hit the budgets of the poor and sparked rising inflation, and hesitations in the global recovery threaten to weaken export and growth prospects. The projection for 2012 for the region is highly contingent on global economic growth being sustained at about 4 percent. A further slowing of growth in advanced economies, curtailing global demand, would generate significant headwinds for the region's ongoing expansion, with more globally integrated countries likely to be most affected. Policies in the coming months need to tread a fine line between addressing the challenges that strong growth and recent exogenous shocks have engendered and warding off the adverse effects of another global downturn. In some slower-growing, mostly middle-income countries without binding financial constraints, policies should clearly remain supportive of output growth, even more so if global growth sputters. Provided the global economy experiences the currently predicted slow and steady growth, most of the region's low-income countries should focus squarely on medium-term considerations in setting fiscal policy while tightening monetary policy wherever nonfood inflation has climbed above single digits. In the event of a global downturn, subject to financing constraints, policies in these countries should focus on maintaining planned spending initiatives, while allowing automatic stabilizers to operate on the revenue side. For the region's oil exporters, better terms of trade provide a good opportunity to build up policy buffers against further price volatility.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484320972
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2017, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth in sub-Saharan Africa has recovered relative to 2016, but the momentum is weak and per capita incomes are expected to barely increase. Further, vulnerabilities have risen in many countries, adding to the urgency of implementing the fiscal consolidations planned in most countries and with stepped up efforts to strengthen growth.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484300483
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2013, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The October 2013 Regional Economic Outlook: Sub-Saharan Africa provides a comprehensive report on the prospects for growth in the region, as well as the major risks to the outlook. Generally, growth is expected to remain strong despite a downward revision since the May 2013 report. The report analyzes drivers of growth in nonresource-rich sub-Saharan African countries, and examines the risks to frontier market economies of volatile capital flows as they become more integrated with international capital markets.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484309618
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, April 2016, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-05-03 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa as a whole has fallen to its lowest level in 15 years, though with large variation among countries in the region. The sharp decline in commodity prices has severely strained many of the largest economies, including oil exporters Angola and Nigeria, and other commodity exporters, such as Ghana, South Africa, and Zambia. At the same time, the decline in oil prices has helped other countries continue to show robust growth, including Kenya and Senegal. A strong policy response to the terms-of-trade shocks is critical and urgent in many countries. This report also examines sub-Saharan Africa’s vulnerability to commodity price shocks, and documents the substantial progress made in financial develop, especially financial services based on mobile technologies.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498329845
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, April 2015, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sharp decline in oil and other commodity prices have adversely impacted sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, the region is projected to register another year of solid economic performance. In South Africa, however, growth is expected to remain lackluster, while in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone the Ebola outbreak continues to exact a heavy economic and social toll. This report also considers how sub-Saharan Africa can harness the demographic dividend from an unprecedented increase in the working age population, as well as the strength of the region's integration into global value chains.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513597337
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2015 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth in sub-Saharan Africa has weakened after more than a decade of solid growth, although this overall outlook masks considerable variation across the region. Some countries have been negatively affected by falling prices of their main commodity exports. Oil-exporting countries, including Nigeria and Angola, have been hit hard by falling revenues and the resulting fiscal adjustments, while middle-income countries such as Ghana, South Africa, and Zambia are also facing unfavorable conditions. This October 2015 report discusses the fiscal and monetary policy adjustments necessary for these countries to adapt to the new environment. Chapter 2 looks at competitiveness in the region, analyzing the substantial trade integration that accompanied the recent period of high growth, and policy actions to nurture new sources of growth. Chapter 3 looks at the implications for the region of persistently high income and gender inequality and ways to reduce them.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475538278
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2016, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa this year is set to drop to its lowest level in more than 20 years, reflecting the adverse external environment, and a lackluster policy response in many countries. However, the aggregate picture is one of multispeed growth: while most of non-resource-intensive countries—half of the countries in the region—continue to perform well, as they benefit from lower oil prices, an improved business environment, and continued strong infrastructure investment, most commodity exporters are under severe economic strains. This is particularly the case for oil exporters whose near-term prospects have worsened significantly in recent months. Sub-Saharan Africa remains a region of immense economic potential, but policy adjustment in the hardest-hit countries needs to be enacted promptly to allow for a growth rebound.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475517300
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, April 2014, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The five Regional Economic Outlooks published biannually by the IMF cover Asia and Pacific, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Western Hemisphere. In each volume, recent economic developments and prospects for the region are discussed as a whole, as well as for specific countries. The reports include key data for countries in the region. Each report focuses on policy developments that have affected economic performance in the region, and discusses key challenges faced by policymakers. The near-term outlook, key risks, and their related policy challenges are analyzed throughout the reports, and current issues are explored, such as when and how to withdraw public interventions in financial systems globally while maintaining a still-fragile economic recovery.These indispensable surveys are the product of comprehensive intradepartmental reviews of economic developments that draw primarily on information the IMF staff gathers through consultation with member countries.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475510799
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2012, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic conditions in sub-Saharan Africa have remained generally robust despite a sluggish global economy. The near-term outlook for the region remains broadly positive, and growth is projected at 51⁄4 percent a year in 2012-13. Most low-income countries are projected to continue to grow strongly, supported by domestic demand, including from investment. The outlook is less favorable for many of the middle-income countries, especially South Africa, that are more closely linked to European markets and thus experience a more noticeable drag from the external environment. The main risks to the outlook are an intensification of financial stresses in the euro zone and a sharp fiscal adjustment in the US--the so-called fiscal cliff.
Author : Céline Allard
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475574932
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Sub-Saharan Africa written by Céline Allard and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-05-09 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth momentum in sub-Saharan Africa remains fragile, marking a break from the rapid expansion witnessed since the turn of the millennium. 2016 was a difficult year for many countries, with regional growth dipping to 1.4 percent—the lowest level of growth in more than two decades. Most oil exporters were in recession, and conditions in other resource-intensive countries remained difficult. Other nonresource-intensive countries however, continued to grow robustly. A modest recovery in growth of about 2.6 percent is expected in 2017, but this falls short of past trends and is too low to put sub-Saharan Africa back on a path of rising living standards. While sub-Saharan Africa remains a region with tremendous growth potential, the deterioration in the overall outlook partly reflects insufficient policy adjustment. In that context, and to reap this potential, strong and sound domestic policy measures are needed to restart the growth engine.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475578555
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, April 2012, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-05-14 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-Saharan Africa continues to record strong economic growth, despite the weaker global economic environment. Regional output rose by 5 percent in 2011, with growth set to increase slightly in 2012, helped by still-strong commodity prices, new resource exploitation, and the improved domestic conditions that have underpinned several years of solid trend growth in the region's low-income countries. But there is variation in performance across the region, with output in middle-income countries tracking more closely the global slowdown and with some sub-regions adversely affected, at least temporarily, by drought. Threats to the outlook include the risk of intensified financial stresses in the euro area spilling over into a further slowing of the global economy and the possibility of an oil price surge triggered by rising geopolitical tensions.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 161635061X
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (163 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, April 2011, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-Saharan Africa's economic recovery is well under way, although among country groups there is variation in the speed of the recovery. In most of the region's low-income countries and among the seven oil exporters growth is almost back to precrisis levels. However, in the region's middle-income countries, including South Africa, the recovery has been more gradual. This Regional Economic Outlook describes the impact of recent economic developments---sharp increases in food and fuel prices will need fiscal interventions targeting the poor, while higher oil prices will be a boon to some countries and adversely affect others. Policy adjustments are needed to move away from the supportive stance of the last few years but should be balanced against the need to alleviate the impact of rising food prices on poor households.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498386458
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2014 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth in much of Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to remain strong, driven by efforts to invest in infrastructure and strong agricultural production. The current Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone is exacting a heavy toll, with spillovers to neighboring countries. External threats to the region's overall positive outlook include global financial conditions and a slowdown in emerging market growth.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1589069498
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2010, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-10-25 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The October 2010 Regional Economic Outlook features: (i) an overview of economic developments and prospects in sub-Saharan Africa; (ii) an analytical assessment of how monetary policy changes are transmitted through the region's economies; and (iii) a study of why growth rates in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) have lagged behind other parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The overview highlights the broad-based economic recovery that is now under way in sub-Saharan Africa and projects growth of 5 percent in 2010 and 51⁄2 percent in 2011. It explores the resilience of most economies in the region to the global financial crises of 2007-09 and explains why sound economic policy implementation and a growing orientation of trade toward Emerging Asia are expected to continue to underpin growth. The second chapter provides evidence suggesting that monetary policy may have more power to influence monetary conditions than previously assumed. Main messages from the WAEMU study are the importance of strong policy environments and political stability for achieving sustained growth; and of robust fiscal frameworks for directing resources towards priority spending needs.
