Interpretation of Geophysical Fields in Complicated Environments

Download Interpretation of Geophysical Fields in Complicated Environments PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401586136
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Interpretation of Geophysical Fields in Complicated Environments by : B.E. Khesin

Download or read book Interpretation of Geophysical Fields in Complicated Environments written by B.E. Khesin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Books published during recent years in the field of applied geo physics can be, in general, divided into two main types. The first type covers such multiaspect books as "Introduction to Geophysics", while the second-special works on fundamental theoretical prob lems with an elaborate mathematical description. The books of the first type are mainly intended for beginner students and specialists in adjacent fields. The books of the second type may be useful for teachers and theorists. However, there are also books of another (third) type. These books describe the experience in geophysical in vestigation under specific conditions or propose solutions to concrete geological problems, being a methodological guide for geophysicists and concentrating ideas both for advanced students and researchers. Authors hope to give the readers a book of this kind. Interpretation of geophysical fields is a complex consistent pro cess. Its successful realization requires: (a) knowledge of geological regularities and geological situation; (b) availability of petrophysical support; (c) mathematical methods of solving direct and inverse problems of geophysics (i.e. computation of geophysical fields from a known source and determination of source characteristics from known fields); (d) application of statistical and logico-informational procedures to the analysis and synthesis of observation results for revealing desired objects and peculiarities of the geological structure.

Geophysical Potential Fields

Download Geophysical Potential Fields PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128116862
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Geophysical Potential Fields by : Lev Eppelbaum

Download or read book Geophysical Potential Fields written by Lev Eppelbaum and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geophysical Potential Fields: Geological and Environmental Applications, Volume Two, investigates the similarities and differences of potential geophysical fields, including gravity, magnetics, temperature, resistivity and self-potential, along with the influence of noise on these fields. As part of the Computational Geophysics series, this volume provides computational examples and methods for effectively solving geophysical problems in a full cycle manner. Including both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the book offers different filtering and transformation procedures, integrated analysis, and special interpretation methodologies, also presenting a developed 3D algorithm for combined modeling of gravity and magnetic fields in complex environments. The book also includes applications of the unified potential field system, such as studying deep structure, searching hydrocarbon and ore deposits, localizing buried water horizons and rockslide areas, tectono-structural mapping of water basins, and classifying archaeological targets. It is an ideal and unique resource for geophysicists, exploration geologists, archaeologists and environmental scientists. - Clearly demonstrates the successive stages of geophysical field analysis for different geological and environmental targets - Provides a unified system for potential geophysical field analysis that is demonstrated by numerous examples of system application - Demonstrates the possibilities for rapidly and effectively interpreting anomalies, receiving some knowledge of modern wavelet, diffusion maps and informational approach applications in geophysics, and combined gravity-magnetic methodology of 3D modeling - Includes text of the Geological Space Field Calculation (GSFC) software intended for 3D combined modeling of gravity and magnetic fields in complex environments

Pliocene Hydrocarbon Sedimentary Series of Azerbaijan

Download Pliocene Hydrocarbon Sedimentary Series of Azerbaijan PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031504380
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pliocene Hydrocarbon Sedimentary Series of Azerbaijan by : Akif Alizadeh

Download or read book Pliocene Hydrocarbon Sedimentary Series of Azerbaijan written by Akif Alizadeh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental Challenges and Conservation Measures

Download The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental Challenges and Conservation Measures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030515060
Total Pages : 1377 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental Challenges and Conservation Measures by : Laith A. Jawad

Download or read book The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental Challenges and Conservation Measures written by Laith A. Jawad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 1377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arabian Seas Marine Region encompasses marine areas from Djibouti to Pakistan, including the northern part of Somalia, the Red Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf, and parts of the Arabian Sea. Human pressures on the coastal and marine environments are evident throughout the region, and have resulted in harmful environmental effects. Oil and domestic, urban and industrial pollutants in several areas of this part of the world have caused local habitat degradation, eutrophication and algal blooms. Further, coastal landfill, dredging, and sedimentation, as well as nutrient and sediment runoff from phosphate mining, agriculture and grazing, and reduction in freshwater seepage due to groundwater extraction are all contributing to the degradation of coastal environments. This book discusses aspects not covered in other books on the region, which largely focus on marine biodiversity, and examines several environmental challenges that are often ignored, but which have a significant impact on the environment. Evaluating the status quo, it also recommends conservation measures and examines the abiotic factors that play a major main role in the environmental changes. Lastly, the book addresses the biodiversity of the area, providing a general context for the conservation and management measures discussed.

Applied Geothermics

Download Applied Geothermics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
ISBN 13 : 3642340237
Total Pages : 757 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Geothermics by : Lev Eppelbaum

Download or read book Applied Geothermics written by Lev Eppelbaum and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-29 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes origin and characteristics of the Earth’s thermal field, thermal flow propagation and some thermal phenomena in the Earth. Description of thermal properties of rocks and methods of thermal field measurements in boreholes, underground, at near-surface conditions enables to understand the principles of temperature field acquisition and geothermal model development. Processing and interpretation of geothermal data are shown on numerous field examples from different regions of the world. The book warps, for instance, such fields as analysis of thermal regime of the Earth’s crust, evolution and thermodynamic conditions of the magma-ocean and early Earth atmosphere, thermal properties of permafrost, thermal waters, geysers and mud volcanoes, methods of Curie discontinuity construction, quantitative interpretation of thermal anomalies, examination of some nonlinear effects, and integration of geothermal data with other geophysical methods. This book is intended for students and researchers in the field of Earth Sciences and Environment studying thermal processes in the Earth and in the subsurface. It will be useful for specialists applying thermal field analysis in petroleum, water and ore geophysics, environmental and ecological studies, archaeological prospection and climate of the past.

Geophysical Potential Fields

Download Geophysical Potential Fields PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128196467
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Geophysical Potential Fields by : Lev Eppelbaum

Download or read book Geophysical Potential Fields written by Lev Eppelbaum and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geophysical Potential Fields: Geological and Environmental Applications, Volume Two, investigates the similarities and differences of potential geophysical fields, including gravity, magnetics, temperature, resistivity and self-potential, along with the influence of noise on these fields. As part of the Computational Geophysics series, this volume provides computational examples and methods for effectively solving geophysical problems in a full cycle manner. Including both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the book offers different filtering and transformation procedures, integrated analysis, and special interpretation methodologies, also presenting a developed 3D algorithm for combined modeling of gravity and magnetic fields in complex environments. The book also includes applications of the unified potential field system, such as studying deep structure, searching hydrocarbon and ore deposits, localizing buried water horizons and rockslide areas, tectono-structural mapping of water basins, and classifying archaeological targets. It is an ideal and unique resource for geophysicists, exploration geologists, archaeologists and environmental scientists.

Geophysical Applications of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic

Download Geophysical Applications of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401702713
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Geophysical Applications of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic by : W. Sandham

Download or read book Geophysical Applications of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic written by W. Sandham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past fifteen years has witnessed an explosive growth in the fundamental research and applications of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and fuzzy logic (FL). The main impetus behind this growth has been the ability of such methods to offer solutions not amenable to conventional techniques, particularly in application domains involving pattern recognition, prediction and control. Although the origins of ANNs and FL may be traced back to the 1940s and 1960s, respectively, the most rapid progress has only been achieved in the last fifteen years. This has been due to significant theoretical advances in our understanding of ANNs and FL, complemented by major technological developments in high-speed computing. In geophysics, ANNs and FL have enjoyed significant success and are now employed routinely in the following areas (amongst others): 1. Exploration Seismology. (a) Seismic data processing (trace editing; first break picking; deconvolution and multiple suppression; wavelet estimation; velocity analysis; noise identification/reduction; statics analysis; dataset matching/prediction, attenuation), (b) AVO analysis, (c) Chimneys, (d) Compression I dimensionality reduction, (e) Shear-wave analysis, (f) Interpretation (event tracking; lithology prediction and well-log analysis; prospect appraisal; hydrocarbon prediction; inversion; reservoir characterisation; quality assessment; tomography). 2. Earthquake Seismology and Subterranean Nuclear Explosions. 3. Mineral Exploration. 4. Electromagnetic I Potential Field Exploration. (a) Electromagnetic methods, (b) Potential field methods, (c) Ground penetrating radar, (d) Remote sensing, (e) inversion.

Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology

Download Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology by :

Download or read book Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology written by and published by . This book was released on 2002-03 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Global Dynamics of the Earth

Download Global Dynamics of the Earth PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401717095
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Dynamics of the Earth by : R. Sabadini

Download or read book Global Dynamics of the Earth written by R. Sabadini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume opens up new perspectives on the physics of the Earth's interior for graduate students and researchers working in the fields of geophysics and geodesy. It looks at our planet in an integrated fashion, linking the physics of its interior to the geophysical and geodetic techniques that record, over a broad spectrum of spatial wavelengths, the ongoing modifications in the shape and gravity field of the planet. Basic issues related to the rheological properties of the Earth's mantle and to its slow deformation will be understood, in both mathematical and physical terms, within the framework of an analytical normal mode relaxation theory. Fundamentals of this theory are developed in the first, tutorial part. The second part deals with a wide range of applications, ranging from changes in the Earth's rotation to post-seismic deformation and sea-level variations induced by post-glacial rebound. In the study of the physics of the Earth's interior, the book bridges the gap between seismology and geodynamics.

Self-Potential Method: Theoretical Modeling and Applications in Geosciences

Download Self-Potential Method: Theoretical Modeling and Applications in Geosciences PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030793338
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Self-Potential Method: Theoretical Modeling and Applications in Geosciences by : Arkoprovo Biswas

Download or read book Self-Potential Method: Theoretical Modeling and Applications in Geosciences written by Arkoprovo Biswas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-21 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals primarily with the aspects of advances in Self-Potential geophysical data modeling, different interpretation techniques, new ideas and an integrated study to delineate the subsurface structures associated with exploration, contamination, buried paleochannels, archaeological investigations, glaciology, geomorphology, subsurface mapping and also in hydrocarbon exploration.The book is specifically aimed with the state-of-art information regarding research advances and new development in these areas of study, coupled to extensive modelling and field investigations obtained from around the world. It is extremely enlightening for the students, research workers, scientists, faculty members in Applied Geophysics, Near Surface Geophysics, Potential field, Electrical and Electromagnetic methods, Mathematical Modeling Techniques in Earth Sciences, as well as Environmental and other practical problems associated with Earth Sciences.

Instrumentation in Earthquake Seismology

Download Instrumentation in Earthquake Seismology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402029691
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Instrumentation in Earthquake Seismology by : Jens Havskov

Download or read book Instrumentation in Earthquake Seismology written by Jens Havskov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is unique and comprehensive coverage of modern seismic instrumentation, based on the authors’ practical experience of a quarter-century in seismology and geophysics. Their goal is to provide not only detailed information on the basics of seismic instruments but also to survey equipment on the market, blending this with only the amount of theory needed to understand the basic principles. Seismologists and technicians working with seismological instruments will find here the answers to their practical problems. Instrumentation in Earthquake Seismology is written to be understandable to the broad range of professionals working with seismological instruments and seismic data, whether students, engineers or seismologists. Whether installing seismic stations, networks and arrays, working and calibrating stationary or portable instruments, dealing with response information, or teaching about seismic instruments, professionals and academics now have a practical and authoritative sourcebook. Includes: SEISAN and SEISLOG software systems that are available from http://extras.springer.com and http://www.geo.uib.no/seismo/software/software.html

Of Poles and Zeros

Download Of Poles and Zeros PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792368359
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (683 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Of Poles and Zeros by : Frank Scherbaum

Download or read book Of Poles and Zeros written by Frank Scherbaum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-11 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital signal processing has become an integral part of observational seismology. Seismic waveforms and the parameters commonly extracted from them are strongly influenced by the effects of numerous filters, both within the earth and within the recording system. With the advent of numerous software tools for the processing of digital seismograms, seismologists have unprecedented power in extracting information from seismic records. These tools are often based on sophisticated theoretical aspects of digital signal processing which, to be used properly, need to be understood. This book is aimed at observational seismologists and students in geophysics trying to obtain a basic understanding of those aspects of digital signal processing that are relevant to the interpretation of seismograms. It covers the basic theory of linear systems, the design and analysis of simple digital filters, the effect of sampling and A/D conversion, the calculation of 'true ground motion', and the effects of seismic recording systems on parameters extracted from digital seismograms. It contains numerous examples and exercises together with their solutions. The second edition contains the Digital Seismology Tutor by Elke Schmidtke (University of Potsdam) and Frank Scherbaum, a Java applet with all the tools to reproduce and/or modify the examples and problems from this book as well as a treatment of sigma-delta modulation with new problems and exercises.

Resonances in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity

Download Resonances in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402007545
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Resonances in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity by : A.P. Nickolaenko

Download or read book Resonances in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity written by A.P. Nickolaenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-07-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on electromagnetic resonance phenomena describes a general approach to physical problems, ways to solve them, and properties of the solutions obtained. Attention is given to the discussion and interpretation of formal and experimental data and their links to global atmospheric conditions such as the dynamics of global thunderstorm activity, variations of the effective height of the lower ionosphere, etc. Schumann resonance is related to worldwide thunderstorm activity, and simultaneously, to global properties of the lower ionosphere. Transverse resonance is predominantly a local phenomenon containing information on the local height and conductivity of the lower ionosphere and on nearby thunderstorm activity. Transient events in ELF-VLF radio propagation are also treated. These are natural pulsed radio signals and/or abrupt changes of manmade VLF radio signals. The transients associated with cloud-to-ionosphere discharges (red sprites, blue jets, trolls) are discussed, and clarification of the underlying physical ideas and their practical applications to pioneer results achieved in the field recently are emphasised.

Advances in Seismic Event Location

Download Advances in Seismic Event Location PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401595364
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Seismic Event Location by : Cliffort H. Thurber

Download or read book Advances in Seismic Event Location written by Cliffort H. Thurber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Seismic Event Location provides a broad overview of the fundamental issues involved in seismic event location, and presents a variety of state-of-the-art location methods and applications at a wide range of spatial scales. Three important themes in the book are: seismic monitoring for a Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), seismic event location in three-dimensional Earth models, and methods for multiple-event location. Each chapter contains background material to help readers less familiar with the topics covered, as well as to provide abundant references for readers interested in probing deeper into a topic. However, most of the emphasis is on recent advances in methodology and their application. Audience: The book is intended primarily for academic and professional researchers and graduate students in seismology.

Paleomagnetic Principles and Practice

Download Paleomagnetic Principles and Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0792352580
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (923 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Paleomagnetic Principles and Practice by : L. Tauxe

Download or read book Paleomagnetic Principles and Practice written by L. Tauxe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-12-31 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleomagnetic data are useful in many applications in Earth Science from determining paleocurrent directions to analyzing the long-term behavior of the geomagnetic field. In this book, an attempt has been made to draw together the various principles and practices within paleomagnetism in a consistent and up-to-date manner. It includes many practical examples that illustrate various applications of paleomagnetism. A companion software package implements the theory explained in the text. Audience: This volume is aimed at professional Earth Scientists using paleomagnetic data for their research. It is also suitable for use as a text book for students in courses with a paleomagnetic content. In addition, this volume will be of value to other professionals with an interest in the analysis of vector and tensor data in general.

Électrographies de fond de mer – une révolution dans la prospection pétrolière ?

Download Électrographies de fond de mer – une révolution dans la prospection pétrolière ? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lavoisier
ISBN 13 : 2743064331
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Électrographies de fond de mer – une révolution dans la prospection pétrolière ? by : SAINSON Stéphane

Download or read book Électrographies de fond de mer – une révolution dans la prospection pétrolière ? written by SAINSON Stéphane and published by Lavoisier. This book was released on 2012-05-02 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L’électrographie de fond de mer (EFM) regroupe les méthodes électromagnétiques d’exploration du sous-sol marin et plus spécifiquement celles dédiées à la prospection des hydrocarbures en mer. Apparues commercialement en 2000, ces techniques, avec plus de 500 opérations industrielles, présentent après 10 ans de succès commerciaux un taux record de découverte de près de 90 %, et semblent aujourd’hui bouleverser la donne en matière de recherche pétrolière offshore. En proposant un indice de présence d’hydrocarbures sérieux, l’EFM couplée à la sismique réflexion est probablement la première méthode fiable de détection directe des hydrocarbures. Complétant les concepts structuralistes de la prospection indirecte en vigueur depuis les années 1920, l’EFM modifie aujourd’hui radicalement l’approche et les philosophies d’exploration, en particulier celles incluant en aval les activités de forages et de diagraphies de fond de trou. S’appuyant sur les lois de l’électromagnétisme (équations de Maxwell), Électrographies de fond de mer décrit et analyse en détail les principes physiques, les méthodes, les techniques et les technologies mis en œuvre ou en voie de l’être. De plus, une note historique montrant l’évolution des idées, des concepts et des matériels depuis les années 1930, dates des premières tentatives, complète chaque chapitre. Synthèse unique, cet ouvrage abondamment illustré constitue un véritable outil de réflexion sur l’utilisation en prospection de l’énergie électromagnétique en milieu conducteur (eau de mer) fixant ainsi les limites théoriques et pratiques de ces investigations pour les développements à venir. Destiné aux géophysiciens et géologues du pétrole, il sera également utile aux physiciens du globe, aux ingénieurs réservoir, aux diagraphistes, aux log analysts, ainsi qu’à tous les étudiants en géosciences.

Electromagnetic Seabed Logging

Download Electromagnetic Seabed Logging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319453556
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electromagnetic Seabed Logging by : Stéphane Sainson

Download or read book Electromagnetic Seabed Logging written by Stéphane Sainson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-30 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seabed logging (SBL) gathers the electromagnetic methods of marine subsoil exploration and more specifically those dedicated to the exploration of oil and gas at sea. Appeared in 2000, these techniques, with more than 500 industrial jobs, present after 15 years of commercial success a discovery record rate of nearly 90 % and seem now to turn the world in the offshore exploration field. Proposing a serious index of the presence of hydrocarbons , electromagnetic SBL coupled with seismic reflection survey is probably the first reliable method for direct detection of hydrocarbons. Complementing the structural concepts of oil exploration used since the 1920s, the SBL now radically modifies the approach and the philosophies of exploration especially those then including drilling and well logging activities. Electromagnetic Seabed Logging: a new tool for oil and gas prospecting, which original publication in French was in 2012, presents these methods, its principles, advantages, limitations, instruments, modeling and applications. It is also designed to be a tool for a reflection on the use of electromagnetic energy for the exploration in a conductive medium as sea water thus setting the theoretical and practical limits of these investigations for future developments. This book is intended of course for the geophysicists and the petroleum geologists, but also for the earth scientists, the reservoir engineers and the log analysts