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Interplanetary Magnetic Fields And The Propagation Of Cosmic Rays
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Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays in Interplanetary Magnetic Fields by : I.N. Toptygin
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in Interplanetary Magnetic Fields written by I.N. Toptygin and published by Springer. This book was released on 1985-12-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast particles of natural or1g1n (cosmic rays) have been used for a long time as an important source of astrophysical and geophysical information. A study of cosmic ray spectra, time variations, abundances, gradients, and anisotropy provides a wealth of data on physical conditions in the regions of cosmic ray generation as well as in the media through which cosmic rays propagate. Astrophysical aspects of cosmic ray physics have been considered in a number of monograpqs. The most detailed seems to be "The Origin of Cosmic Rays" by V. L. Ginzburg and S. 1. Syrovatskij (1964) which is, however, concerned mainly with galactic cosmic rays. The physics of the circumsolar space is discussed in this book only rather briefly. Several other monographs have been devoted mostly to the physics of the interplanetary medium and cosmic rays in interplanetary space. These include the books by Dorman (1963, 1975a, b), Parker (1963), Dorman and Miroshnichenko (1968). The present monograph differs from the above mentioned books in two main aspects: (i) It presents a unified theoretical approach to analys{ng the properties of fast particles in interplanetary space, based upon consideration of cosmic rays as a highly energetic component of the interplane~ary plasma, which makes use of the plasma physics methods to describe the behaviour of cosmic rays.
Book Synopsis Comic Rays in Interplanetary Magnetics Fields by : I.N. Toptygin
Download or read book Comic Rays in Interplanetary Magnetics Fields written by I.N. Toptygin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast particles of natural or1g1n (cosmic rays) have been used for a long time as an important source of astrophysical and geophysical information. A study of cosmic ray spectra, time variations, abundances, gradients, and anisotropy provides a wealth of data on physical conditions in the regions of cosmic ray generation as well as in the media through which cosmic rays propagate. Astrophysical aspects of cosmic ray physics have been considered in a number of monograpqs. The most detailed seems to be "The Origin of Cosmic Rays" by V. L. Ginzburg and S. 1. Syrovatskij (1964) which is, however, concerned mainly with galactic cosmic rays. The physics of the circumsolar space is discussed in this book only rather briefly. Several other monographs have been devoted mostly to the physics of the interplanetary medium and cosmic rays in interplanetary space. These include the books by Dorman (1963, 1975a, b), Parker (1963), Dorman and Miroshnichenko (1968). The present monograph differs from the above mentioned books in two main aspects: (i) It presents a unified theoretical approach to analys{ng the properties of fast particles in interplanetary space, based upon consideration of cosmic rays as a highly energetic component of the interplane~ary plasma, which makes use of the plasma physics methods to describe the behaviour of cosmic rays.
Book Synopsis Effect of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field on the Propagation of Cosmic Rays by : Kenneth G. McCracken
Download or read book Effect of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field on the Propagation of Cosmic Rays written by Kenneth G. McCracken and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a study of cosmic-ray propagation in the interplanetary magnetic field using spacecraft and neutron monitor data. Improved methods have been developed for mapping cosmic ray flux as a function of direction and time. This cosmic-ray mapping technique made possible a detailed study of the Forbush decrease observed on January 20, 1966. Using numerical filtration techniques developed for the purpose, demi-diurnal and dirunal components of cosmic radiation were studied. Two distinctly different anisotropies were identified in the course of studying the interrelationship of cosmic ray anistropy and the interplanetary magnetic field. One anisotropy is due to convective removal of cosmic radiation from the solar system by the radial flow of the solar wind. The other is due to diffusion of the cosmic radiation parallel to the lines of force of the interplanetary magnetic field. Temporal variability of Pioneer VII data during high counting rate periods has been studied. Study of some five days of data indicates continuous fluctuation of the cosmic radiation flux, with periods as short as five minutes occurring frequenctly. No diminution of fluctuation amplitude with time was observed. (Author).
Book Synopsis Interplanetary Magnetic Fields and the Propagation of Cosmic Rays by : Gerd Wibberenz
Download or read book Interplanetary Magnetic Fields and the Propagation of Cosmic Rays written by Gerd Wibberenz and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets by : Lev Dorman
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets written by Lev Dorman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-20 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of cosmic ray (CR) geomagnetic effects came to the fore at the beg- ning of the 1930s after the famous expeditions by J. Clay onboard ship (Slamat) between the Netherlands and Java using an ionization chamber. Many CR la- tude expeditions were organized by the famous scientists and Nobel Laureates R. Millikan and A. Compton. From the obtained latitude curves it follows that CRs cannot be gamma rays (as many scientists thought at that time), but must be charged particles. From measurements of azimuthally geomagnetic effect at that time it also followed that these charged particles must be mostly positive (see Chapter 1, and for more details on the history of the problem see monographs of Irina Dorman, M1981, M1989). The ?rst explanations of obtained results were based on the simple dipole - proximation of the geomagnetic ?eld and the theory of energetic charged particles moving in dipole magnetic ?elds, developed in 1907 by C. Stormer ̈ to explain the aurora phenomenon. Let us note that it was made about 5 years before V. Hess discovered CRs, and received the Nobel Prize in 1936 together with K. Anderson (for the discovery of CR and positrons in CR).
Book Synopsis Physics of Solar Cosmic Rays by : Kunitomo Sakurai
Download or read book Physics of Solar Cosmic Rays written by Kunitomo Sakurai and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays and Earth by : J.W. Bieber
Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Earth written by J.W. Bieber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 1998 marked the 50th anniversary of the invention of the neutron monitor, a key research tool in the field of space physics and solar-terrestrial relations. In honor of this occasion a workshop entitled 'Cosmic Rays and Earth' was organized to review the detection of cosmic rays at the surface and in the lower atmosphere of Earth, including the effect that this radiation has on the terrestrial environment. A special focus was the role of neutron monitors in the investigation of this radiation, on the science enabled by the unique dataset of the worldwide network of neutron monitors, and on continuing opportunities to use these data to solve outstanding problems. This book is the principal product of that workshop, integrating the contribu tions of all participants. Following a general summary of the workshop prepared by the editors, the volume leads off with a keynote article by Professor John Simpson describing his invention of the neutron monitor in 1948 and the early scientific discoveries made with this instrument.
Book Synopsis Solar Cosmic Rays by : L.I. Miroshnichenko
Download or read book Solar Cosmic Rays written by L.I. Miroshnichenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It turned out to be really a rare and happy occasion that we know exact1y when and how a new branch of space physics was born, namely, a physics of solar cosmic rays. It happened on February 28 and March 7, 1942 when the fIrst "cosmic ray bursts" were recorded on the Earth, and the Sun was unambiguously identifIed for the fIrst time as the source of high-velocity 10 particles with energies up to > 10 eV. Just due to such a high energy these relativistic particles have been called "solar cosmic rays" (SCR), in distinction from the "true" cosmic rays of galactic origin. Between 1942 and the beginning ofthe space era in 1957 only extremely high energy solar particle events could be occasionally recorded by cosmic ray ground-Ievel detectors and balloon borne sensors. Since then the detection techniques varied considerably and the study of SCR turned into essential part of solar and solar-terrestrial physics.
Book Synopsis Interplanetary Medium Data Book by : Joseph H. King
Download or read book Interplanetary Medium Data Book written by Joseph H. King and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cosmic Ray and Interplanetary Magnetic Field During the Passage of Coronal Mass Ejections by : Rajesh Kumar Mishra
Download or read book Cosmic Ray and Interplanetary Magnetic Field During the Passage of Coronal Mass Ejections written by Rajesh Kumar Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Document from the year 2023 in the subject Physics - Astronomy, language: English, abstract: Coronal Mass Ejections are vast structures of plasma and magnetic fields that are expelled from the sun into the heliosphere. This material is detected by remote sensing and in-situ spacecraft observations. The present study deals with the influence of four types of CMEs namely Asymmetric 'Full' Halo CMEs, Partial Halo CMEs, Asymmetric and Complex 'Full' Halo CMEs and 'Full' Halo CMEs on cosmic ray neutron monitor intensity. The data of ground based neutron monitor of Moscow and CME events observed with instruments onboard and Wind spacecraft have been used in the present analysis. The method of superposed epoch (Chree) analysis has been used to the arrival times of these CMEs. It is noteworthy that the frequency of occurrence of Asymmetric 'Full' Halo CMEs is significantly high, whereas frequency of occurrence of Asymmetric and Complex 'Full' Halo CMEs is low compared to other CMEs. Significant enhancement in cosmic ray intensity is observed after 4 days of the onset of asymmetric full halo and 6 days after the onset of full halo CMEs. The fluctuations in cosmic ray intensity are more prior to the onset of both types of the CMEs. However, during Partial Halo CMEs the cosmic ray intensity peaks, 8- 9 days prior to the onset of CMEs and depressed 3 days prior to the onset of CMEs, whereas in case of asymmetric and complex full CMEs, the intensity depressed 2 days prior to the onset of CMEs and enhanced 2 days after the onset of CMEs. The deviations in cosmic ray intensity are more pronounced in case for asymmetric and complex full halo CMEs compared to other CMEs. The cosmic ray intensity shows nearly good anti-correlation with IMF strength (B) during asymmetric full halo CMEs and partial halo CMEs, whereas it shows poor correlation with B during other CMEs. The IMF, B significantly decreased five days prior to the onset of asymmetric and full halo CMEs and four days after
Book Synopsis Solar Particle Radiation Storms Forecasting and Analysis by : Olga E Malandraki
Download or read book Solar Particle Radiation Storms Forecasting and Analysis written by Olga E Malandraki and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar energetic particles (SEPs) emitted from the Sun are a major space weather hazard motivating the development of predictive capabilities. This book presents the results and findings of the HESPERIA (High Energy Solar Particle Events forecasting and Analysis) project of the EU HORIZON 2020 programme. It discusses the forecasting operational tools developed within the project, and presents progress to SEP research contributed by HESPERIA both from the observational as well as the SEP modelling perspective. Using multi-frequency observational data and simulations HESPERIA investigated the chain of processes from particle acceleration in the corona, particle transport in the magnetically complex corona and interplanetary space, to the detection near 1 AU. The book also elaborates on the unique software that has been constructed for inverting observations of relativistic SEPs to physical parameters that can be compared with space-borne measurements at lower energies. Introductory and pedagogical material included in the book make it accessible to students at graduate level and will be useful as background material for Space Physics and Space Weather courses with emphasis on Solar Energetic Particle Event Forecasting and Analysis. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Book Synopsis A Simple Model of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field: The cosmic ray anisotropy by : David Peter Stern
Download or read book A Simple Model of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field: The cosmic ray anisotropy written by David Peter Stern and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physics of the Outer Heliosphere by : S. Grzedzielski
Download or read book Physics of the Outer Heliosphere written by S. Grzedzielski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume in the new COSPAR Colloquia series which will provide a forum for an in-depth discussion on selective topics of importance to the international community. The International Heliospheric Study (IHS) was initially approved by COSPAR in 1982 when it was anticipated that the study would centre on the ESA/NASA Ulysses spacecraft. This mission was delayed until October 1990, but it was decided to commence the study in 1986 in order to exploit the existence of the Pioneer 10 and 11 and the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft in the outer heliosphere. The primary purpose of Physics of the Outer Heliosphere is to study the three-dimensional structure of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field carried by it, the propagation of energetic solar particles throughout the heliosphere and the modulation of galactic cosmic rays by the heliosphere. This volume provides information for scientists interested in spectroscopic studies of the local interstellar medium, galactic and solar cosmic ray populations in the outer heliosphere and also plasma and magnetic field aspects of the distant solar wind.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories by : Andreas Shalchi
Download or read book Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories written by Andreas Shalchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-04 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If charged particles move through the interplanetary or interstellar medium, they interact with a large-scale magnetic ?eld such as the magnetic ?eld of the Sun or the Galactic magnetic ?eld. As these background ?elds are usually nearly constant in time and space, they can be approximated by a homogeneous ?eld. If there are no additional ?elds, the particle trajectory is a perfect helix along which the par- cle moves at a constant speed. In reality, however, there are turbulent electric and magnetic?elds dueto the interstellaror solar wind plasma. These ?elds lead to sc- tering of the cosmic rays parallel and perpendicular to the background ?eld. These scattering effects, which usually are of diffusive nature, can be described by s- tial diffusion coef?cients or, alternatively, by mean free paths. The knowledge of these parameters is essential for describing cosmic ray propagation as well as d- fusive shock acceleration. The latter process is responsible for the high cosmic ray energies that have been observed. The layout of this book is as follows. In Chap. 1, the general physical scenario is presented. We discuss fundamental processes such as cosmic ray propagation and acceleration in different systems such as the solar system or the interst- lar space. These processes are a consequence of the interaction between charged cosmic particles and an astrophysical plasma (turbulence). The properties of such plasmas are therefore the subject of Chap. 2.
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere by : L.A. Fisk
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere written by L.A. Fisk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In every scientific discipline there are milestones - periods of significant accom plishment when it is appropriate to pause and summarize the state of the field. Such is the case for the study of the behavior of cosmic rays in the heliosphere. We are just passing through solar minimum conditions, when the heliosphere has a well-ordered and relatively simple configuration. We have been fortunate to have an array of spacecraft - unprecedented in the history of space exploration and unlikely to be repeated for generations - to provide comprehensive measurements of cosmic rays throughout the heliosphere. Ulysses has completed its historic first exploration of the heliosphere at high heliographic latitudes. Pioneer and Voyager have been exploring the outer heliosphere. The durable IMP-8 and now the WIND spacecraft have provided detailed baseline measurements at Earth. Concurrently, there has been a steady improvement in theoretical understanding of cosmic ray behavior through the use of ever more sophisticated numerical models. This milestone in cosmic ray studies was celebrated with a Workshop on Cos mic Rays in the Heliosphere which was convened by L. A. Fisk, J. R. Jokipii.
Book Synopsis Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation Part B by : Charles E. Swenberg
Download or read book Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation Part B written by Charles E. Swenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space missions subject human beings or any other target of a spacecraft to a radiation environment of an intensity and composition not available on earth. Whereas for missions in low earth orbit (LEO), such as those using the Space Shuttle or Space Station scenario, radiation exposure guidelines have been developed and have been adopted by spacefaring agencies, for exploratory class missions that will take the space travellers outside the protective confines of the geomagnetic field sufficient guidelines for radiation protection are still outstanding. For a piloted Mars mission, the whole concept of radiation protection needs to be reconsidered. Since there is an increasing interest of many nations and space agencies in establishing a lunar base and lor exploring Mars by manned missions, it is both, timely and important to develop appropriate risk estimates and radiation protection guidelines which will have an influence on the design and structure of space vehicles and habitation areas of the extraterrestrial settlements. This book is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess the state of art in our knowledge on the radiation situation during deep space missions and on the impact of this complex radiation environment on the space traveller. It comprises the lectures by the faculty members as well as short contributions by the students given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation" held in Armacao de Pera, Portugal, 12-23 October, 1991.
Book Synopsis Cosmic Ray Astrophysics by : Reinhard Schlickeiser
Download or read book Cosmic Ray Astrophysics written by Reinhard Schlickeiser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first part, the book gives an up-to-date summary of the observational data. In the second part, it deals with the kinetic description of cosmic ray plasma. The underlying diffusion-convection transport equation, which governs the coupling between cosmic rays and the background plasma, is derived and analyzed in detail. In the third part, several applications of the solutions of the transport equation are presented and how key observations in cosmic ray physics can be accounted for is demonstrated.
